Year 7 History Online w/c 29th June

What was the Industrial Revolution and why did it happen? Any questions, please contact Miss Gunn via gunnh@bishopperowne.co.uk. Where work has to be submitted, please email it to your class teacher:• Ms Gunn – gunnh@bishopperowne.co.uk• Mrs Reeve-McKew reevev@bishopperowne.co.uk• Mrs Tunstall – tunstalln@bishopperowne.co.uk

ages.

Low Stakes test

1. Name the King who lost the war and had his head chopped off. (Stuck? Use your facebook profile)

2. Give a reason why this King was so unpopular. (Stuck? Use your facebook profile)

3. Who was the leader of Parliament’s side?

4. Why was Parliament’s side so strong? (Stuck? Use your map from a few weeks ago)

5. Give a rule that Parliament had for it’s army (Stuck? Go back to match up exercise on the army)

6. Who took over when Cromwell died? (Stuck? Look back at your work from last week)

7. What happened in 1660? (Stuck? Look back at your work from last week).

How has this village in 1750 changed by 1900?

Fill in the table listing or explaining your ideas - you can draw it out or print it if you are able to. The table is on the next slide.

Village in 1750

Village in 1900

Stuck?

Look at the houses are they still the same?

Is there anything new in the picture in 1900? Eg transport . . .

Extension

Explain why you think these changes have taken place.

What is the village like in 1700? What is the village like in 1900?

These changes took place during the Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) when the population grew, factories started to develop and people moved to the towns to work in the factories.

How did 1750 compare to 1900?

Factor 1750 1900

Population 7 million 42 million

People living in towns

13% 87%

Life Expectancy Men 31

Women 33Men 45

Women 48

How long people were expected to live. It has gone up between 1750 and 1900

Massive increase in number of people.

Lots of people are moving to the towns to find work in the factories.

Read the boxes to find out in more detail about how Britain changed between 1750 and 1900. Population 1750 • Total number of people in GB was about 7

million. • About 80-90% of people lived and worked in

the countryside. • Many babies died before their first birthday. • The annual (yearly) death rate was 28 deaths

per 1000 people.

Work 1750 • The most important work by far was in farming. Especially in

food and wool production (remember nearly everyone’s clothes were made from wool at this time).

• All industries were small scale. People made things like woollen cloth in their own homes or in workshops attached to their homes. This was called the cottage industry.

• The power to make machines work was provided by water wheels, or by horses or by human hands and feet.

Education 1750 • Most children in England did not go to school

and could not read and write. • In Scotland, all parishes (like villages) had

schools and most people could read and write. • There were 2 universities in England, 4 in

Scotland and 1 in Ireland.

Health and medicine 1750 • People had no idea that germs caused diseases and did

little to fight diseases like smallpox and tuberculosis which killed many people.

• Only simple operations on patients were possible - there were no anaesthetics and patients often died form shock or infection.

The vote 1750 • Only 5% of the population could vote in general

elections. • No women were allowed to vote. • Only the rich tended to be Members of Parliament

(MPs) and they looked after their own interests.

Travel 1750 • The roads were often in a terrible state and were frequently

little more than muddy tracks in the winter. • It took 10-12 days to travel from London to Edinburgh. • Travel by foot or by horse was the most common form of

transport. • Most people did not travel very far.

Population 1900 • Total number of people in GB was about 42

million. • In Scotland and Wales, the population was

also rising but more slow to than in England. • About 20-30% of people lived and worked in

the countryside. This is because many large towns and cities had developed and people left the countryside in search of work in the towns and cities.

• The annual (yearly) death rate was 18 deaths per 1000 people.

Work 1900 • The most important industries were coal, iron, steel and

textiles (mostly cotton cloth). • Most industry was now based in factories. • Many farmers now used machines although many of these

machines were horse powered. • Steam power had been introduced into many industries even

in small factories and workshops.

Education 1900 • School was now compulsory for all 5-12 year

old boys and girls. • Many more people could read and write. • There were 10 universities in England, 5 in

Scotland, 1 in Ireland and 1 in Wales.

Health and medicine 1900 • Louis Pasteur had discovered that germs caused disease.

This led to vaccines being developed for diseases like smallpox.

• Anaesthetics and antiseptics were developed which meant that most patients no longer does from shock or infection.

• Local councils started to make sure that people had clean water supplies and sewers to improve the health of the people in the towns.

The vote 1900 • Most men could now vote but women could not. • Parliament now included many MPs from the growing

industrial towns and fewer from wealthy country areas.

Travel 1900 • Roads had been improved but it still took 45 hours to travel

from London to Edinburgh by road. • Railways had been developed and it took 9 hours to get from

London to Edinburgh by train. • Trains could carry heavy industrial goods as well as passengers

quickly around the country. • Canals were used to carry heavy goods but they were slow.

• When you have read through the boxes fill in the sheet that looks like the one above. • You can choose 4 of your own factors from the boxes on the previous 2 slides, you don’t

have to choose the same as me. • You can draw it out or print it if you are able to. • Note that the squares are split between 1750 and 1900.

1750

1750

1750

1900

1750

Population

Work

Education

1900

Travel

19001900

How did Great Britain change 1750-1900?

Factors

Note box is split so you write about 1750 in the top bit and 1900 in the bottom bit.

Level 1, 1-2 marks. Basic explanation of change(s). Eg The population started to grow.

Level 2, 3-4 marks Simple explanation of change(s) but with some factual knowledge.

Level 3, 5-6 marks Two secure explanations for the ways that the lives changed are given e.g. the population grew and started to move to the growing towns and cities in search of work. This was because of the growth of the factories in areas like Manchester where employment was plentiful.

Level 4, 7-8 marksChanges are identified and explained in a complex manner. Answers demonstrate a range of accurate and detailed knowledge relevant to the answer.

Task Answer the following question. Note that you have a stuck strategy with sentence starters on it. In what ways did the lives of people change between 1750 and 1900? 8 marks

Email your answer to your History teacher to mark, you can take a photograph of your work and email it if it’s easier.

Stuck?– use your sheet to help you as well as the sentence starters. • One way that lives changed was because of

__________________. This changed lives because…

• Another way that lives changed was because of…This changed lives because ...

Remember – these are the minimum just to get you going. You need to include historical detail in your paragraphs – e.g. what happened, why it happened, how it changed lives.

Extension – can you explain whether the changes were positive or negative? Would this have been the same for everyone?

Low Stakes test answers

1. Name the King who lost the war and had his head chopped off. (Stuck? Use your facebook profile) Charles 1

2. Give a reason why this King was so unpopular. (Stuck? Use your facebook profile) Ship Tax, Religion

3. Who was the leader of Parliament’s side? Oliver Cromwell

4. Why was Parliament’s side so strong? Controlled the rich south and ports like Dover. (Stuck? Use your map)

5. Give a rule that Parliament had for it’s army (Stuck? Use the pink homework sheet) No swearing

6. Who took over when Cromwell died? (Stuck? Use the work from earlier in the lesson) His son, Richard Cromwell.

7. What happened in 1660? (Stuck? Use your answer to the last question from earlier). Charles II, son of Charles I.

Answers from last week1. What was Cromwell’s role with Charles I in 1648? (Use the first paragraph) In 1648, Cromwell and the

army tried to negotiate peace with Charles 1 but Charles betrayed them starting the Second Civil War. It was at this point that it decided he would be put to death.

2. Describe what happened at the siege of Drogheda. The siege of Drogheda was was brutal. One thing Cromwell’s soldiers did was kill men, women and children.

3. Why do you think Cromwell ordered this? Use paragraph 2. I think that Cromwell ordered this because he wanted to crush the remaining Royalist supporters who were causing trouble for Parliament.

4. Who declared Cromwell as Lord Protector? The army declared Cromwell as Lord Protector. (Use paragraph 3)

5. What did it mean to be Lord Protector? Being Lord Protector meant being responsible for running the country / being a King without being part of the Royal Family

6. What did Cromwell do to Parliament? Does this remind you of anyone? As Cromwell could not agree with Parliament, he decided to dismiss them. This reminds me of Charles 1 because Charles also dismissed Parliament and ruled without it when he kept arguing with it.

7. What laws did Cromwell introduce? Would people have liked these? (Use paragraph 5) One law that Cromwell introduced was to ban people rom celebrating Christmas. I don’t think that most people would have liked this because life was hard at this time and Christmas was time of feasting and enjoyment.

8. Who took over from Cromwell when he died? Why was this a bad idea? (Use the last paragraph), When Cromwell died his son took over however this was a bad idea because his son was a farmer who had no idea how to rum the country. It also made him a bit like a king who handed his crown to his son/daughter when he died.

9. How did Charles II become King. (Use the last paragraph Charles II became King in 1660 because Parliament asked him to return.

Task • Use cards 1-9 (a few pages/slides on) to write a series of paragraphs explaining what happened to Cromwell’s head at these key points and explain why

these things happened. 1658, 1660, 18th Century (1700s), 19th Century (1800s), 1960.• Use the writing frame to help you. • Use the lined pages to write on. • If you can, take a photo and email it to your History teacher.

Before Cromwell was buried in 1658, a doctor took out his brain and weighed it. He said that it weighed a lot more than a normal brain. I think that he said this because at the time, Cromwell was very popular and he wanted to flatter him and his supporters by saying that he had a big brain (it also implies that Cromwell was more intelligent than most people).

However, when Charles II was King, he dug up Cromwell’s body and hung it at a place called Tyburn which is a place on London where lots of common criminals were executed. Charles also ordered that Cromwell’s head be placed on a pole outside Westminster Abbey. I think that he did this because he wanted revenge on Cromwell who had been a key figure in the execution of Charles’s father, Charles 1. By placing Cromwell’s head outside Westminster Abbey, which is close to the Houses of Parliament, Charles II wanted to show what would happen to people who might still support Cromwell. I think by leaving the rest of Cromwell’s body at Tyburn where ordinary criminals were hanged, Charles II was showing that he regarded Cromwell as little more than a common criminal.

Eventually, in 1685, Cromwell’s head was blown off the pole and picked up by a soldier who went home and hid it up his chimney. I think he did this because he knew he had something important but Cromwell was unpopular at this time and he didn’t want to be seen to have it.

The head was passed between many groups and different families until eventually, in 1814, it was bought by a doctor.

In 1960, the University of Cambridge got hold of the head and they buried it in a secret place. I think that they buried it secretly because they didn’t want lots of people going to see where Cromwell’s head was finally buried and because Oliver Cromwell is a controversial figure in history so it was easier to bury it in secret to avoid any protests.