yellow daisies 04

7/30/2019 Yellow Daisies 04

1/16

RHS Plan t Trials an d Aw ardsRHS Plan t Trials an d Aw ards

www.rhs.org.uk

Perennial Yellow DaisiesJan et CubeyPrincipal Botanist, RHS Garden W isley

Mike GrantSenior Botanist, RHS Garden W isley

Bulletin Num ber 6

Septem ber 2004

Perennial Yellow DaisiesJan et CubeyPrincipal Botanist, RHS Garden W isley

Mike GrantSenior Botanist, RHS Garden W isley

Bulletin Num ber 6

Septem ber 2004


2/16

Trials of Perenn ial Yellow Daisies (1998-2002)

RHS Plant Trials and Awards2

Objectives of the trials

The aims of each of th e individual peren nial yellow daisy

trials in cluded:

the identification of the most reliable, distinctive and

garden worth y cultivars for the RHS Award of Gard en

Merit

th e establishm ent of the correct nom enclature

th e production of a permanen t record, through

representative h erbarium and phot ographic records

together with written descriptions.

Entries

In to tal, for the eight t rials, three plan ts of each of 282

ent ries were obtained from 52 sources. These send ers of

plan ts to th e trials (listed on page 15) com prised retail and

wh olesale nu rseries, National Plant Collection h olders,

gardens and private individuals.

The number of entries submitted to each individual trial

was as follows:

Coreopsis 38 entries

Helenium 56 entries

Helian th us 48 entries

Heliopsis 20 entries

Inu la,Buph thalm um & Telekia 20 entries

Rudbeckia 48 entries

Silphium 3 entries

Solidago an d Solidaster 49 entries

Plant Trials

The Royal Horticultural Society, the UKs leading gardening

charity, has conducted plant trials since its foundation in

1804. Th ey are an in trinsic part of the charitable work th e

RHS does for all gardeners, aimin g to in form, inspire an d

advise. Today, over 60 trials of different groups of plants

(herbaceous, vegetable, fruit, ann ual, bulb, rock garden

and woody) are held at RHS gardens each year. Aroun d

3,000 ent ries are judged for garden worth iness by 13 RHS

plant committees, made up of professional gardeners,

nu rserymen , plantsm en and en thu siasts with th e support

of RHS staff and scient ists.

RHS plan t t rials are cond ucted t o iden tify good, reliable garden

plant s by awarding th e RHS Award of Garden Merit to

cultivars of particular value. Botan ists examin e th e plant s

to en sure they are correctly n amed . Each p lant is also

described in detail, photographed and a dried specimenprepared for storage in th e RHS Herbarium.

Perennial Yellow Daisy Trials

The peren n ial, mostly yellow, daisies can provide

wonderful colour in a late summer border, they are

tolerant o f a range of different con dition s and are easy to

grow. An d yet, for some reason, th ey have been ou t of

fashion in recent years. To h elp rekind le their pop ularity,

and provide a vibrant, golden display for the Millennium

(2000) and t h e Queen s Golden Jubilee (2002), th e Floral

Trials Sub-committee decided that a series of trials (listed

below) should be carried out on the Portsmouth Field at

RHS Garden , Wisley.

Trial ofCoreopsis (19992001)

Trial ofHelen iu m (19992001)

Trial ofHel ia nthu s (19992001)

Trial ofHel iops is (19982001)

Trial ofInula , Buph tha lm um & Telekia (20002002)

Trial ofRudbeckia (19992002)

Trial ofSilphium (19992002)

Trial ofSolidago an d Solidaster (20002002)

Above:Rudbeckia Trial (Mike Sleigh /RHS)

Above left: Aerial view of t he RHS Trials, August

2000 (Clive Morris/RHS)

Above right:Helenium Trial (Mike Sleigh /RHS)

Front Cover:Heliopsis h eliant hoides var. scabra

Spitzentnzerin (Tim Sandall)


3/16

Th e Award of Garden Merit

Perennial Yellow Daisies 3

The Award of Garden M erit

The Award of Garden Merit requires a plant :

to be excellent for garden decoration or use

to be available from nurseries or specialist growers

to be of good constitution

n ot t o require specialist care

n ot to be particularly susceptible to any p est or disease

n ot be subject to an un reasonable degree of reversion

Judging Crit eria

The criteria used for judging th e perenn ial daisy trials

varied slightly from t rial to trial, with each t rial bein g

closely examined for a minimum of two flowering seasons.

In general th e characters th at were observed, included: habit/uprightness

floriferousness

colour

form

quantity

impact

period of flowerin g

hardiness

vigour

health

invasiveness

weath er resistance

AGM Winners

**Coreopsis verticillata Moonbeam

Coreopsis verticillata Old Tim er

Coreopsis verticillata Zagreb*Coreopsis verticillata Grandiflora

Helenium Baudirektor Linne

Helenium Bltentisch

Helenium Butterpat

Helenium Feuersiegel

Helenium Gartensonne

Helenium Karneol

Helenium Moerheim Beauty

Helenium Ring o f Fire

Helenium Rubinzwerg

Helenium Sahin s Early Flowerer

Helenium Summer CircleHelenium Waltraut

Helenium Wesergold

Helian th us Gu llicks Variet y

Helian th us Lemon Queen

*Helianthus Loddo n Gold

Helian th us Miss Mellish

*Helianthus Monarch

Heliopsis h elian th oides var. scabra

Ben zinggold


Light of Loddon


Sonnenglut


Spitzentnzerin

Heliopsis helianth oides var. scabra

Waterperry Gold

Inu la m agnifica Sonnenstrahl

*Rudbeckia fulgida var. deamii

Rudbeckia fu lgida var. speciosa

*Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii

Goldsturm

Rudbeckia lacin iata GoldkugelRudbeckia lacin iata Goldquelle

Rudbeckia lacin iata Herbstsonne

Silphium perfoliatum

Solidago Gardone

All of th ese plants are H4 plants hardy

throughout the British Isles

* AGM reconfirm ed durin g trial

** Moon beam is often raised from seed, leading t o

great variation p articularly in th e density of

flowers. It is recommended to buy plants in

flower, or propagate vegetatively from a free-flowering clone.


4/16RHS Plant Trials and Awards4

Recommended for t he AGM

S ub j e ct t o a v a i l a b il it y i n t he U K :

Rudbeckia lacin iata Starcadia Razzle Dazzle

Rudbeckia subtom entosa Loofahsa Wh eaten Go ld

S ub j e ct to t he a pp l ic a t ion o f a cu l t i v ar na m e a nd

ava i labi l i ty in the UK:

Rudbeckia californica var. intermedia

(Sen t by M r A Brooks)

S ub j e ct to v e r i fic a t i on o f th e c or re ct na m e :

The subm itted plants ofHeleniu m Goldrausch and

Helenium Zimbelstern were considered to be

indistinguishable.

Lis t of i l lus tra t ions on oppos i te page:

Coreopsis verticillata Moonbeam

Heleniu m Sah in s Early Flowerer

Helian th us Loddo n Gold

Heliopsis helian thoides var. scabra Ben zinggold

Inu la hook eri

Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii Goldsturm

Silphium perfoliatum

Solidago Gardone

s t y l e ( n o ta l wa ysp r e se n t )

An example of a daisy flower head

r a y fl o r e t

p h y l l a r y

Cultivation Notes

Each en try for each trial consisted of three plant s, planted

into rotary-cultivated groun d in either spring or autum n.

Top dressing with Vitax Q4 was carried out at th eapprop riate rates and in terval for each p articular trial.

Requiremen ts did vary between th e trials, for examp le the

Solidago Trial was only to p d ressed in its final year, whereas

th e Heleniu m Trial required a feed every spring.

Staking requ iremen ts for peren n ial yellow d aisies also vary,

depending up on the stature of the in dividual plant. All

Helian thus, and the taller forms ofHelenium ,Heliopsis an d

Rudbeckia do p erform better when staked. Solidago and the

taller Coreopsis verticillata cultivars, althou gh it is not

essent ial, benefit from som e twiggy support.

Two trials were found to ben efit from t he Chelsea chop.

Helian thus growing to over 2m were cut back to 30cm in

height in late May and sim ilarlyRudbeckia growing t o over

2m t all were cut back to 45cm in late May. This was sho wn

to be an easy meth od of obtaining shorter, bushier plants.

No significant pest and disease problems were encountered

durin g the cou rse of th ese trials.

All these perennial yellow daisies are excellent for

encou ragin g wildlife in th e garden; they are very pop ular

with insects and flower late in the season.

Th e Coreopsis Trial proved th at th ese are a very useful

group of plants with an incredibly long flowering period,

benefiting enorm ously from deadh eading. During th e trial

it became apparen t h ow variable th e seed-raised plants can

be and h ow people need to be aware of this when m aking

a purchase. Unfortun ately, all th e C. grandiflora cultivars in

the Trial were found to be inconsistently winter hardy and

not to h ave a strong enough constitution to be considered

suitable for the RHS Award of Garden Merit.

The only known variegated Heliopsis was included in th e

trial, but LORAINE SUNSHINE (Helh an ; Lorain e Sunsh ine, in

US) did n ot p erform , in t h is trial, as well as th e Award of

Garden Merit winning cultivars.

Th e Solidago an d Solidaster, although very attractive

when in bud, m ostly flower for too short a time p eriod to

be con sidered for th e RHS Award of Garden Merit.

Nomenclatural Comment s

Helian thus Capen och Star has an Award of Garden Merit

from 1993. However, none of th e plants submitted un der

th is nam e to th e trial were considered to be correctly

named. There is therefore some doubt as to how widely

available th e true Capenoch Star n ow is.

Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii An th on y Brooks,

Goldschirm and Pot of Gold, although considered to be

of Award of Garden Merit qu ality, were all very similar to

Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii Goldstu rm AGM. As th is

cultivar is comm on ly raised from seed, an d in variably

comes true when raised in such a m ann er, new cultivars

derived from Goldsturm seeds may not differ significantly

from the parent.

disc flore t

sty le

a n t h e r s

co r o l l a

p a p p u s

o va r y

recep tac le

o va r y

p a p p u s

l i g u l e


5/16Perennial Yellow Daisies 5

Th e Gen era

Coreopsis

The tickseeds have sm all flowers an d

are wiry in h abit compared with th e

oth er genera. They ten d to h ave

feathery or ferny foliage and are mo re

suitable for the front of a border or as

patio or con tainer plants. Most are

short-lived perennials and are often

raised from seed and grown as ann uals.

HeleniumThe sneezeweeds are very useful for

providing yellow, orange and red-brown

flower colours over a long period. The

flower heads often h ave an eye of a

darker colour surrounding the central

disc. Botanically they differ from

Helian th us an d Heliopsis in h aving

leaves th at are always held altern ately

at th e base of the plant and the absence

of scales between t h e ray florets.

Helianthus

The perennial sunflowers are perhapsthe most familiar group here, not least

because this gen us contain s well-

known garden plants such as the

ann ual sunflower (Helian thus annu us)

and the Jerusalem artichoke (H.

tuberosus). The p erenn ial sun flowers

exhibit t h e greatest structu ral diversity

of tho se trialled; som e have semi-

dou ble or fully double flower h eads.

Heliopsis

The oxeyes are superficially similar to

the sunflowers and have similar usesin t he garden . Botan ically they differ

in their blunt-tipped phyllaries (bracts

enclosing th e base of the flower h ead),

ligules (out er petals) persisting on th e

seed heads and th e ray florets (which

bear th e ligules) bein g fertile and

possessing a style.

Inula

The harvest daisies are mostly

herbaceous perennials, though the

genus does cont ain a few species that

are ann ual or bienn ial. They are

characterised by the m ultitude of fine,

narrow, tubular ligules. Telekia speciosa

(heart-leaved oxeye) and Buph thalm um

salicifolium (willow-leaved oxeye),

from the small closely related genera,

were also included in th is trial.Inula is

distinguished from Telekia an d

Buph thalm um by the absence of scales

between th e ray florets.

Rudbeckia

The coneflowers, as their common

nam e suggests, are typified by th eir

conical or columnar disc at the centreof th e flower h ead. It is usually black

or greenish-brown an d earns th em

their other comm on n ame of black-

eyed Susan. Although predominantly

grown as herbaceous perenn ials,

cultivars derived from R. h irta are

bienn ials or short-lived peren nials

th at are often raised from seed and

grown as an nu als. The ligules are

often slight ly dropping, althou gh t his

effect is much more pron oun ced in

the related Ratibida.

Silphium

Som etimes referred to as prairie dock

or rosinweed, Silphium are t all, stiff,

coarse-leaved perenn ial herbs that are

particularly suitable for n aturalistic

planting situations in areas with a

m oisture-retent ive soil. Closely related

to sunflowers, they differ in having

female ray florets and m ale disc florets

and upp er leaf pairs that are fused at

the base, forming small bathtubs.

Solidago

Garden hybrids of goldenrod arem ostly derived from S. canadensis an d

S. virgaurea, two species that are n ow

naturalised in Britain; hence their

invasive reputat ion. The garden

hybrids ho wever, do n ot deserve to be

tarred with the same brush. Their

vibrant yellow p lum e-like sprays of

flowers are easily recognisable an d are

commonly seen in florists, as they

m ake excellent cut flowers.

Solidaster, the bigeneric hybrid

between Solidago an d Aster, is more

like Solidago than Aster. It has sm all,

creamy yellow flowers that are slightly

larger than that ofSolidago, but they

are held in similar dense sprays.

The Genera

The yellow daisies in cluded in th ese Trials are m ostly from

North Am erica and are all herbaceous peren nials. They

flower in mid t o late summ er and are suitable for sunn y

borders or prairie-style planting. They differ greatly in

hab it, especially in size, ranging from 60cm to over 3m .

The flower heads, whilst th ey are predom inan tly yellow,

come in a wide variety of sizes, sh ades and shapes. Brief

introductions to the genera involved are given below:


6/16

Coreopsis verticillata Grandiflora

A G M ( H 4 ) 1 9 9 3 R e co n fi r m e d 2 0 0 1

Sent b y Beeches N ursery.

This has particularly large bright golden

yellow flowers over a lon g flowering

period an d fin e filigree foliage. The outer

petals are larger and overlap more th an in

other C. verticillata cultivars.

Flowers early July to late Septem ber. Plant

90cm high, 80 cm wide; tall, erect habit with

stiff , airy, branched flowering stems. Leaves

sessile, palm ately divided into filiform

segments, 6.5cm long and 10cm wide. Flower

heads 6cm diam eter, single; disc 0.8cm

diameter, 0.4cm h igh, lemon yellow to dark

brown on ageing; ligules 8, 3 1.4cm,

overlapping at base, deep golden yellow (17B),

tips pointed.

Helenium Baudirektor Linne

A G M ( H 4 ) 2 0 01

S e nt by H e i nz K l ose Sta ud e ng r tne re i

a n d W a t e r p e r r y G a r d e n s.

Flowers of a sparkling rich warm gold

colour, streaked with orange-red.

Requires staking for the best

performance.

Flowers mid August to early September. Plant

1.7m high; tall, upright, vigorous clumps.

Leaves to 18cm long an d 4cm wide. Flower

heads 6cm diam eter, single, horizontal; disc

2cm diameter, 1.5cm high, gold-red outercircle and brown-red centre (166A/18 7A)

covered in rich gold anthers (17A); ligules 12-

14, 3 1.6 cm, gaps between near disc, red

(45A/42 A/34 A) flecked with vivid gold (14A)

fading to reddish orange brown (171A /B/

179A), underside (180A/179A/171A/B), tip

reflexed, three lobed.

Helenium Bltentisch

A G M ( H 4 ) 2 0 01

Sent b y Four Season s.

A cultivar of uniform height th at h as

brilliant sunny gold flowers flushed red

on th e underside and with a green,matu ring to light brown , disc. A good late

season flowerer. This cultivar was raised

by Karl Foerster and th e nam e literally

tran slates as flower table. Requires stakin g.

Flowers early August to m id September. Plant

to 1.5m high, vigorous yet compact with

much-branched growth. Leaves dense, m id-

dark green, sessile, 18cm long and 3.5cm

wide, decreasing up the stem. Flower heads


7/16

contrast between t he dark brown disc

and bright yellow rays. The name

literally translates as garden sun .

Requires staking.

Flowers late July to mid September. Plantto 1.9m high; tall, erect, vigorous, neatly

branching in the crown. Leaves light green

(138A /14 3C), shallowly serrated m argin,

surface smooth, lower leaves 14cm long

and 4cm wide, upper stem leaves smaller.

Flower heads


8/16

RHS Award of Garden Merit descrip tion s


long and 3.5cm wide, decreasing up the

stem. Flower heads to 6cm diameter,

single, strongly reflexed and increasingly

so with age; disc to 2.3cm diameter and

2cm high, dark chocolate brown (darker

than 166A) and covered in golden styles;

ligules 3.5 1.4cm, overlapping, 3-lobed

at tip and wavy, edge often incurved, first

opening deep rust red (44A/45A) turning

rich orange-red (46A/44A) and ageing to

old gold-orange (169A), paler dulled tones

beneath (178/1 79).

Helenium Ring of Fire

A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 1

S en t b y M r s F A r n o ld .

A vibrant flower com posed of a rich

golden yellow backgroun d colour with

a striking strong red ban d, wh ich givesthe effect of a wheel. Selected and

nam ed by Mrs Arnold. This tall plant

requires staking.

Flowers mid August to late September.

Plant to 1.7m tall, 80cm wide; erect and

strongly branched. Leaves mid green,

surface smooth, to an average size of

13cm long and 3cm wide. Flower heads

to 5cm, single, flat and solid-looking;

disc to 1.6cm diameter and 1cm high,

yellow-green (1 51 A) at first progressively

turning dark chocolate red (18 7A) w ith

golden styles (166A); ligules 2.5 1.2cm

neatly spaced, only overlapping at outside

edge, 4-lobed with inner 2 being pointed,dark red tinged orange (44A/ 46A), with a

circle of bright yellow (14A) beside disc

and at the m argin, underside red-brown

(179 A) turning orange-red (34 B) with

age. Phyllaries distinctive wh en in bud,

up to 1.2cm long, very narrow and

twisted am ong one another.

Helenium Rubinzwerg

A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 1

S e nt by G re e n Fa rm P l a n ts .

Masses of rich m aho gany red flowers

surroun d a green disc that m atures to

a dark chocolate brown and openswith a h alo of golden an thers. The

lower stems can h ave a tendency to be

somewh at bare, and t herefore it is best

plant ed wh ere they cant be seen. This

was bred by zur Linden and t he n ame

literally translates as ruby dwarf.

Flowers early August to lat e September.

Plant 1m high, 80cm wide; compact and

densely branched. Leaves light to m id

green, narrow, surface sm ooth, 1 2 cm

long and 2 cm wide, decreasing up the

stem. Flower heads to 4 .5cm diam eter,

single, flat; disc to 1.7cm diameter and

1cm high, green at first but rapidlybecomin g dark red (187A) with gold

styles and then brown (165A) in old age;

ligules 2.3 1.2cm, neatly spaced, tip

with 3 rounded lobes, strong red (46A/ B)

with slight orange cast and gold (14A -17A)

at extreme base m ost noticeable when

youn g, ageing to brown-oran ge (c.171A ).

Helenium Sahin s Early Flowerer

A G M ( H 4 ) 2 0 01

S e nt by C otsw o l d Ga rd e n F low e rs.

For a long period, this cultivar is full of

good-sized rich bright yellow an d

orange streaked flowers with dark

chocolate coloured d iscs. Requires

staking.

Flowers late June to late August. Plant 1.3m

high; erect, vigorous an d densely branched.

Leaves m id green, rough-textu red, lower ones

to 18cm long and 6 .5cm wide, decreasing

up the stem to 11cm long and 3cm wide.

Flower heads to 7cm diameter, single, slightlyreflexed when young but fully dropping with

age; disc to 2.4cm diameter and 1.8cm high,

mahogany brown (187A/1 66A) at first,

turning to chocolate brown (166A ) with

gold anthers as the flower fully opens; ligules

16-18,



Flowers mid July to late August. Plant t o

1.2m high; vigorous and erect. Leaves mid

green (138A), surfaces slightly rough and

both covered in tiny hairs, 17 cm long and

4cm wide, decreasing up the stem. Flower

heads 7cm diameter, single, ligules not

uniformly held giving the effect of

tumbling around the disc; disc


10/16

RHS Award of Garden Merit descrip tion s


1cm , overlapping, convex across their

width and slightly twisting, reflexing at

tip, yellow gold (9A/1 4A) t ip pointed

with a small cleft. Phyllaries dark green

alm ost black, staying closed at the base

of the open flower.

HelianthusMonarch

A G M ( H 4 ) 1 9 9 3 R eco n fi r m e d 2 0 0 1

S e nt by G re a t D i x te r N urs e r ie s.

Mon arch has large semi-double

brilliant golden yellow flowers on stout

stems. Requires strong stakin g. Flower

size m ay be increased by disbuddin g,

i.e. pinchin g out th e side buds.

Flowers mid August to late September.

Plant to 2 .9m ; very tall, erect, not densely

branched with thick stems to 3cm

diam eter. Leaves m id green, barelyserrated, scabrous, lower leaves



(17A ); ligules 3.5 0.9cm , narrow and

overlapping, golden yellow (17A ) turning

paler (14B) with age, tips pointed and

trifurcate becoming m ore apparent and

twisted as the flowers age.

Heliopsis heliant hoidesvar. scabra

Wat erperry Gold

A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 1

R a ise d a nd se n t b y W a t e rpe r ry

Ga rde ns .

An elegant floriferous cultivar, th at

h olds the flowers in sprays, so that

th ey are held in man y different

angles. The flowers are semi-double

and gold, fading to lemon yellow with

tim e. Requires staking.

Flowers m id July to early October. Plant

1.2 m high; vigorous with arching, airygrowth . Leaves dark green, scabrous, widely

toothed, basal leaves 10cm long and 6cm

wide, considerably smaller and softer

looking higher up the stem. Flower heads 7-

8cm, semi-double with many rows, flat but

tips reflexing and increasingly so with age;

disc to 2.5cm wide and 1.2cm high,

prominent, conical, golden yellow (23A)

turning to look like old gold (163B) with

age; ligules c.30, 3 0.9cm, overlapping,

opening pale yellow (9A ) tinged green,

rapidly turning golden yellow (23A/17A/B)

before fading back to pale yellow (9A) with

age, tips trifurcate, pointed.

Inula magnifica Sonnenstrahl

A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 2

S e nt by G re e n Fa rm P l a n ts .

This cultivar was raised by Ernst Pagels.

It is not to o tall and very floriferous

with dark green foliage. The flowers

have nu merous long outer petals

giving a shredd ed appearan ce. The

name literally translates as sunbeam.

Flowers m id July to late August. Plant 2m

high, 1.5m wide (when contained by

staking); tall, erect habit. Leaves dark

green (147A), alm ost glabrous on upper

surface, pubescent beneath, base slightly

auriculate, basal leaves 40cm long and

28cm wide. Stem pale green (144C), hairy

with purple patches, especially on lower

portion. Flower heads c.15cm diam eter,

single, borne in top third of plan t; disc


12/16

lower surface with green veins and tips,

toothed at tip. Phyllaries arranged in

three rows, progressively wider and longer.

Rudbeckia laciniata GoldkugelA G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 2

S e nt by P & B z ur L ind e n .

A tight t idy double flower with att rac-

tive foliage. A useful plan t for th e back

of th e border. Very distin ct. Requ ires

staking.

Plant to 1.6 m high, tall an d erect. Leaves

dark to m id green (137A), lower surface

slightly lighter (138 A/B) an d glossier

than above. Flowering stem very pale

yellow green (14 D), glaucous, glabrous,

waxy, distinctive dark purple patches in

leaf axils. Flower heads to 6.8 cm, double;

ligules


13/16

Award o f Garden Merit winn ers selection guide


Name Flower Colour Height Flowering Season

Coreopsis vert icillat a

M o o n b eam ver y p a le y e llo w 1 ear ly Ju ly la t e Sep t em b er

O l d T i m e r g o l d e n y e l lo w 2 e a rl y Ju l y m i d Se p t e m b e r

Z a g r e b g o l d e n y e l lo w 1 e a rl y Ju l y l a t e Se p t e m b e r

Grand iflo ra i n ten se go ld 2 ea r l y Ju ly la te Sep tem ber

Helenium

B au d i r e k t o r L in n e r e d & g o l d 4 m i d A u g u st e a r ly Se p t e m b e r

B l t e n t i s ch y e l lo w fl u s h e d r e d 3 e a rl y A u g u st m i d Se p t e m b e r

B u t t e r p a t b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 m i d Ju l y e n d A u g u s t

Fe u e r si e g e l y e l lo w & r e d 3 l a t e Ju l y m i d Se p t e m b e r

G a r t e n so n n e b r i g h t y e l lo w 4 l a t e Ju l y m i d Se p t e m b e r

K a rn e o l r e d & o l d g o l d 3 e a rl y A u g u st e a rl y Se p t e m b e r

M oe rhe im Beau ty rus t y red 3 ea r l y Ju ly la te Aug us t

Ri n g o f Fi r e r e d & g o l d 3 m i d A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r

Ru b i n z w e r g d a r k r e d 2 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r

Sah in s Ea r l y F low e re r ye l low & o rang e 3 la te Jun e la te Aug us t

Su m m e r C i r c le y e l lo w 4 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r

W a l t r a u t r u st y r e d & y e l lo w 2 m i d Ju l y l a t e A u g u s t

W e se r g o l d b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 l a t e Ju n e e a r ly Se p t e m b e r

Helianthus

Gu l l i ck s Var ie t y b r ig h t ye l low 5 la te Ju ly la te Sep tem ber

Le m o n Q u e e n l em o n y e ll o w 4 l at e A u g u st m i d O c t o b e r

L o d d o n G o l d d a r k g o l d e n y e l lo w 4 l a t e Ju l y l at e Se p t e m b e r

M i ss M e l li sh g o l d e n y e l lo w 5 m i d A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r

M o n a r ch b r i g h t y e ll o w 5 m i d A u g u st l at e Se p t e m b e r

Heliopsis helianthoidesvar. scabra

B en z i n g g o l d o r a n g e y e l lo w 4 m i d Ju n e e a rl y Se p t e m b e r

L ig h t o f L o d d o n g o l d e n y e l lo w 3 m i d Ju n e l at e Se p t e m b e r

So n n e n g l u t o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 m i d Ju n e l a t e Se p t e m b e r

Sp i t zen tnze r in go lden ye l low 3 la te Jun e ea r l y Sep t em ber

W a t e r p e r r y G o l d o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 m i d Ju l y e a rl y O c t o b e r

Inula ma gnifica Sonnenstrahl b r i g h t y e l lo w 4 m i d Ju l y l a t e A u g u s t

Rudbeckia fulgida

var. deamii o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 e a rl y A u g u st e a rl y O c t o b e r

var. speciosa o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 e a rl y A u g u st e a rl y O c t o b e r

var. sullivantii G o l d s t u r m o r a n g e y e l lo w 2 l a t e Ju l y l at e Se p t e m b e r

Rudbeckia la ciniat a

G o l d k u g e l g o l d e n y e ll o w 3 m i d A u g u st m i d Se p t e m b e r

G o l d q u e l le b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r

H e r b s t so n n e b r i g h t y e l lo w 5 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r

Silphium perfoliat um b r i g h t y e l lo w 5 m i d Ju l y l a t e Se p t e m b e r

Solidago Gardone b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 l a t e Ju l y m i d A u g u s t

H e i g h t 1 = < 6 0 c m 2 = 6 0 c m 1 . 2 m 3 = 1 . 2 1 . 6 m 4 = 1 . 6 2 . 1 m 5 = > 2 . 1 m


14/16

(N144A) at first, then dark brown

changing to yellow (7A) when open;

ligules 5.5 2cm, but width variable,

neatly spaced single row, drooping habit,

sunn y yellow (14B) with lower surface

slightly paler (9B) and with green tinged

veins, tips slightly notched.

Rudbeckia laciniata Starcadia

Razzle Dazzle STA

S e nt b y A B rook s .

Clump formin g, with sturdy stems

and a long flowering period. Good

foliage. Altho ugh th is species can be

invasive, this cultivar does not seem

to be. Requires staking.

Flowering early July to late August. Plant

to 1.6m high, 1.1 m w ide when staked;

erect habit. Leaves dark green (147A),paler green beneath (14 7B), very sh ortly

hispid with forward facing hairs.

Flowering stem striate dark green (137A)

on lighter green (137D), sparsely hairy,

stem feels rough especially below fl ower

head. Flower heads to 11 .5cm , single,

borne in top third of plant; disc 2.1cm

diameter, 2.4cm high, yellow green

(N144A) at first, then black just before

opening to pale yellow green (151A);

ligules 4.7 1.4 cm, single row irregularly

spaced, sometim es overlapping, drooping,

yellow (9A), slightly paler on the

underside, tips m ostly with a slight notch

but some entire.

Rudbeckia subt oment osa Loofahsa

W heaten Gold STA

S e nt b y A B rook s .

Less stiff in h abit th an is typical for

this species, with well-spaced,

chocolate brown-centred, flowers.

Very clean foliage. Requ ires staking.

Flowering early August to lat e Septem ber.

Plant to 1.7m high, 1.3m wide; erect

habit. Leaves m id green (137A), paler

(138B) below, slightly scabrous upper,

pubescent lower. Flowering stems dull ,light m id green (143C), shortly

tom entose, darkly striated in places.

Flower heads


15/16

C E & D M N u r se r ie s, N o l o n g e r t r a d in g

C la i re A u s t in H a r d y P lan t s , Bo w l i n g G r e e n L a n e , Al b r i g h t o n ,W o l v er h am p t o n W V 7 3 H B

C o t s w o ld Ga r d e n F lo w e r s, 1 Wa t e r s id e , Ev e sh a m WR 1 1 6 B S

D a n z i g e r D a n F lo w e r Fa r m , M o sh a v M i sh m a r H a sh i v a 5 0 2 9 7 , P O B o x 2 4Bei t Dagan , ISRAEL M r J Dav ies (NC CPG N at ion a l Plant Co l lec t ionH o ld e r , Coreopsis, Helianthus& Heliopsis) , 3 3 B a lm o r a l D r i v e , Br a m c o t e ,B ee st o n , N o t t i n g h a m N G 9 3 F U

D u d l e y M e t r o p o l i t an B o r o u g h Pl an n i n g & L ei su r e ( N C C P G N a t io n a l P la n tC o l l e c t i o n H o ld e r , Rudbeckia) , C l au g h t o n H o u se , Bl o w e r s Gr e e n R o a d ,D u d l ey D Y 2 8 U Z

Farmy ard N urser ies, Lland ysu l , Dy fed SA44 4RL

Far p l a n t s ( Wh o le sa le ), Ya p t o n L a n e , Wa lb e r t o n , A r u n d e l BN 1 8 0 A S

Fee b e r s H a r d y P lan t s , 1 Fe e b e r C o t t a g e , We s t w o o d , B r o a d c l y s t , N e a rExeter PL20 7 LJ

Feld w e b e r St a u d e n g r t n e r e i , A -4 9 7 4 O r t im I n n k r e i s 1 3 9 , Ob e r s t e r r e ic h ,Aus t r ia

F la x t o n H o u se N u r s er y , Fl a x t o n , Y o r k Y O6 0 7 R J

Fo u r S ea so n s, Fo r n c e t t St M a r y, N o r w i c h N R1 6 1 JT

F u t u r e Fo o d s , PO B o x 1 5 6 4 , W e d m o r e B S2 8 4 D PGard iner s Ha l l P lants , B ra isewor th , Eye IP23 7DZ

G Go d d a r d , c / o T r i al s O f fi c e , RH S Ga r d e n W is l ey , Wo k in g GU 2 3 6 QB

Gr e a t D i x t e r N u r s er i e s, N o r t h i a m , Ry e TN 3 1 6 P H

Gr e e n Fa rm P la n t s , N o l o n g e r t r a d i n g

H e in r i c h H a g e m a n n S t a u d e n k u l t u r e n , Wa l sr o d e r S t r asse 3 2 4 , D - 3 0 8 5 5L an g e n h a g e n - Kr h e n w i n k e l, G e r m a n y

D e H e ss en h o f , H e sse n w e g 4 1 , 6 7 1 8 TC ED E , H o l l a n d

H i l lv i ew H a r d y P la n t s, W o r fi e l d , N e a r Br i d g n o r t h W V 1 5 5 N T

H o e c r o f t P l a n t s, Se v e r e ls G r an g e , H o l t R o a d , Wo o d N o r t o n , D e r e h a mN R2 0 5 B L

H e in z K lo s e St a u d e n g r t n e r e i , Ro s e n st r a sse 1 0 , D - 3 4 2 5 3 L o h f e l d e n ,G e r m a n y

L W P lan t s , 2 3 Wr o x h a m Wa y , H a r p e n d e n A L 5 4 P P

Li t t le Rhyn das ton N urser ies, Hayscas t le , Haver fo rdw es t SA62 5PTL o d g e L an e N u r s er y & Ga r d e n s ( N C C P G N a t i o n a l P la n t C o l l e c t i o n

H o ld e r , Inula) , Lo d g e L an e , D u t t o n , N e a r W a rr i n g t o n W A 4 4 H P

L o n g in Z i e g l e r S t a u d e n g r t n e r e i , Ob e r z e l g , C H - 8 6 2 7 Gr n in g e n ,Swi t zer land

M a d r o n a N u r se r y, Pl u c k l e y Ro a d , B e t h e r sd e n K e n t TN 2 6 3 D D

M o n k s i l ve r N u r s e r y, O a k in g t o n R o a d , C o t t e n h a m C B 4 4 TW

N o r s ec o I n c . 2 9 1 4 B o u le v a r d C u r - L ab e l l e , C h o m e d e y , L a v al , Qu e b e c ,C a n a d a H 7 P 5 R 9

Perh i l l Nu rser ies, Wo rces ter Road , Great W i t ley W R6 6JT

Per ryh i l l Nu rser ies , Har t fi e ld TN 7 4JP

Pow is Cas t le , Welshp oo l SY21 8RF

R o y a l B o t a n i c Ga r d e n s K ew , K e w , Ri c h m o n d TW9 3 A B

R H S Ga r d e n Ro s e m o o r , G r e at To r r i n g t o n E X 3 8 8 P H

R H S Ga r d e n W isl e y, Wo k in g G U 2 3 6 Q BR o u g h a m H a l l N u r se r i es, I p sw i c h R o a d , Ro u g h a m , B u r y St E d m u n d s IP 3 0

9 LZ

Scalers H i l l N ursery , Scalers H i l l , Cob ham , Near Gravesend D A12 3 BH

Sue St r ick land P lants , The Pop lars, I sle Brewers , Taun ton TA3 6Q N

V iv M a r sh P o st a l P la n t s , Wa l f o r d H e a t h , S h r e w s b u r y S Y4 2 H T

Wa lb e r t o n N u r s er y , Ya p t o n L a n e , Wa lb e r t o n , A r u n d e l , BN 1 8 0 A S

M r s R Wa l l i n g e r , c / o T r i al s O f fi c e , RH S Ga r d e n W isl e y, Wo k in g GU 2 3 6 QB

Wa t e r p e r r y Ga r d e n s Lt d , W a t e r p e r r y, N e a r W h e a t l e y OX 3 3 1 JZ

W e b b s o f W y c h b o l d , D r o i t w i c h , W o r c est e r W R 9 0 D G

P et e r u n d B rb e l z u r L i n d e n , S t a u d e n g r t n e r e i , L i n n e r K i rc h w e g 2 , D -4 9 1 4 3 B i sse n d o r f , Ge r m a n y

RHS Herbarium

The RHS Herbarium (WSY) is one o f only a small n um ber

in the world dedicated to preserving garden plants and is

therefore an important reference poin t for th e h orticultural

indu stry. At present th e collection contain s m ore th an

80,000 herbarium specimens and over 30,000 images of

plants and 4,000 paintin gs of plants together with

addition al mat erial such as seeds and con es. Material is

actively collected from a wide spectrum of sources

including RHS trials. Trial cultivars are stored with detailed

description s and ph otograph ic im ages. New cultivars are

highlighted and stored as Nomenclatural Standards. A

Standard Specimen demonstrates the diagnostic characters

of a cultivar an d wou ld act as a key reference poin t if the

application of that nam e became con fused at some point

in th e future. Further information about the Herbarium

and Stan dard Specim ens is available on t he RHS Website

(www.rhs.org.uk).

Acknowledgements

Phot ography RHS Herbarium (unless otherwise stated),

Mike Sleigh, Tim Sandall and Clive Morris

NCCPG National Plant Co llection ho lders for these gen era,

particularly Martin H ughes-Jon es (Heleniu m ) and Anth ony

Brooks (Rudbeckia)

Chrissie Ferriroli, RHS Trials Recorder

RHS Herbarium, Trials Office and Trials Department Staff

Further reading

Clayt on , P. (2002 ) Tears of Troy. The Garden 127(8): 622-625

Grant , M. (2003) Golden performers. The Garden 128(8):

609-611

Hop, M.E.C.M. (2002)Heleniu m Sortimen tsond erzoek en

Keuringsrapport.Dendroflora 39: 62-93

Hughes-Jones, M. (2004) http://www.helenium.net

Offent h al, R., Kaiser, K. & Ward, R. (tran s.) (1999) Som e

perennial sunflowers.Hardy Plant 21(2): 38-47

Sutton, J. (2001) The Plantfinders Guide to Daisies. David &

Ch arles, Newton Abbot

Senders of plants to the trialsRHS Plant Trials rely on nurseries, plant breeders and

am ateur gardeners to send plant stock for trial. Notices are

posted on th e RHS website and in t he RHS journ al, Th e

Garden, when a new trial is planned. RHS Trials Office staff

supplem ent th is by actively sourcing m aterial. All stock is

given free of charge.

A r n e H e r b s , L im e b u r n N u r s er i e s, Lim e b u r n H i l l, C h e w M a g n a B S4 0 8 Q W

M r s F A rn o ld , H o l l a n d , c / o T ri a ls O f fi c e , RH S Ga r d e n , W is l ey GU 2 3 6 Q B

B e e ch e s N u r se r y, V i ll a g e C e n t r e , A s h d o n , S af f r o n W a ld e n C B 1 0 2 H B

B e ll h o u se N u r se r y, B el l h o u s e La n e , M o o r e , N r Wa r r i n g t o n WA 4 6 TR

B e t h C h a t t o G a r d e n s Lt d , Elm st e a d M a r k e t , C o l c h e s t e r C O 7 7 D B

B lo o m s o f B r e ssi n g h a m , B r e ssi n g h a m , D i s s IP 2 2 2 A B

B r id g e m e r e N u r s er i es, B r id g e m e r e, N e a r N a n t w i c h C W 5 7 Q B

M r A Br o o k s (N C C P G N a t i o n a l Pl a n t C o l l e c t i o n H o ld e r , Rudbeckia) c / oEl t o n H a l l, El t o n , L u d lo w SY 8 2 H Q

Backgroun d n otes



16/16

Trials O ffice

RHS Garden

Wisley

Woking

Surrey GU23 6QB

e-m ail: tr ials@rh s.org.u k

www.rhs.org.uk/trials

Reg charity no . 222879

All text an d im ages Copyright RHS 2004-02-1

ISSN: 1477-9153 (print)

ISSN: 1447-9161 (online)

The Royal Horticultural Society

The RHS is the UKs leading gardening charity dedicated to

advancing horticulture and prom oting good gardening. Its

charitable work includes providing expert advice and

information, advancing h orticulture, training th e n ext

generation o f gardeners, helping school ch ildren learn

about p lants, and con ducting research in to plant s, pests

and environ m ent al issues affecting gardeners. Th e RHS

Award of Garden Merit plant trial scheme is an important

part of th is work.

The RHS receives no governm ent grants an d for every

pound received from members subscriptions we need to

raise more than twice as much again to fund ou r charitable

work. We also rely on donations and sponsorship to

supplement in come from our garden operations, flower

shows, shops an d plant centres.

RHS Plant Trials

With so m any different types of gardener and so man y

different cultivars available to th em in each group of

plants, it is imp ortant th at a system of recomm endation is

in place to h elp with selection at poin t of sale. These

recomm endations m ust be clear and reliable to en sure that

of the th ousan ds of plants available in t h e UK, a

proportion are known to be excellent garden plants. The

RHS provides this information th rough its exten sive

programm e of plant t rials h eld at RHS gardens in th e UK.

The RHS Award of Garden Merit signifies th e selection

of th e best cultivar for general garden u se.

RHS plant trials serve the p rofessional gardener wh o wan ts

to know the range of plants available, including the latest

breeding and selection programmes, with their distinctive

characteristics and provenan ce. They also serve th e

amateur wh o wants to kn ow which plant s will grow and

perform well in a p articular garden situation .

The RHS has an un rivalled resource of knowledge an d

expertise and is th erefore best placed to con duct p lant

trials for th e UK gardenin g market.

RHS BulletinsCanna: Septem ber 2003

Delphinium : Jun e 2003

Lavender (hardy): July 2003

Miscanthus: October 2004

Potentilla (shrubby): July 2002

Salad Potatoes: November 2004

Spiraea japonica (with colou red leaves): November 2003

These bulletins can b e viewed at a larger

size on th e RHS Website

yellow daisies 04

Documents