GREEK GREEK MYTHOLOGYMYTHOLOGY

ZEUSZEUS

King and father of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god King and father of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice. He is of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice. He is the youngest son of the youngest son of CronusCronus and and RheaRhea. He overthrew Cronus and . He overthrew Cronus and gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself. His sacred animals are gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself. His sacred animals are the eagle and the bull the eagle and the bull

DEMETERDEMETER Goddess of grain, agriculture and the harvest, growth Goddess of grain, agriculture and the harvest, growth

and nourishment. Demeter is a daughter of Cronus and and nourishment. Demeter is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea and sister of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone. Rhea and sister of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone.

POSEIDONPOSEIDON God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, and God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, and

earthquakes. He is a son of Cronus and Rhea and earthquakes. He is a son of Cronus and Rhea and brother to Zeus and Hades. He rules one of the three brother to Zeus and Hades. He rules one of the three realms of the universe as king of the sea and the realms of the universe as king of the sea and the waters.He is holding a trident. The horse and the waters.He is holding a trident. The horse and the dolphin are sacred to him. dolphin are sacred to him.

HERAHERA Queen of the gods and goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, Queen of the gods and goddess of marriage, women, childbirth,

kings, and empires. She is the wife and sister of Zeus and kings, and empires. She is the wife and sister of Zeus and daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Her sacred animals are the heifer, daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Her sacred animals are the heifer, the peacock, and the cuckoo. she holds a lotus-tipped staff the peacock, and the cuckoo. she holds a lotus-tipped staff

HADESHADES King of the underworld and the dead, and god of King of the underworld and the dead, and god of

regret. His wife is Persephone. His attributes regret. His wife is Persephone. His attributes are the drinking horn or cornucopia, key, are the drinking horn or cornucopia, key, sceptre, and the three-headed dog sceptre, and the three-headed dog CerberusCerberus. .

HERMESHERMES God of boundaries, travel, communication, trade, language, and God of boundaries, travel, communication, trade, language, and

writing. The son of Zeus and Maia, Hermes is the messenger of the writing. The son of Zeus and Maia, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, and a psychopomp( as Charon ) who leads the souls of the gods, and a psychopomp( as Charon ) who leads the souls of the dead into the afterlife. He uses winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. dead into the afterlife. He uses winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals are the tortoise, the ram, and the hawk. His sacred animals are the tortoise, the ram, and the hawk.

ARTEMİSARTEMİS Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls, Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls,

childbirth, and plague. In later times she became associated childbirth, and plague. In later times she became associated with bows and arrows. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, with bows and arrows. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo.she uses a hunting bow and a quiver of and twin sister of Apollo.she uses a hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. Her sacred animals are deer, bears, and wild boars. arrows. Her sacred animals are deer, bears, and wild boars.

ARTEMİS TEMPLE ARTEMİS TEMPLE

APOLLOAPOLLO God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry, God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry,

manly beauty and archery. He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the manly beauty and archery. He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis. As brother and sister, they were twin brother of Artemis. As brother and sister, they were identified with the sun and moon; both use a bow and arrow. identified with the sun and moon; both use a bow and arrow.

TEMPLE OF APOLLO TEMPLE OF APOLLO

APHRODITEAPHRODITE Goddess of love, beauty, desire, sexuality, and pleasure. Goddess of love, beauty, desire, sexuality, and pleasure.

Although married to Hephaestus she had many lovers, most Although married to Hephaestus she had many lovers, most notably Ares, Adonis, and Anchises. Her symbols include roses notably Ares, Adonis, and Anchises. Her symbols include roses and other flowers. Her sacred animals are doves and sparrows and other flowers. Her sacred animals are doves and sparrows

Aphrodite’ cave. Aphrodite’ cave.

ATHENAATHENA Goddess of intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle Goddess of intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle

strategy, handicrafts, and wisdom. She was also the patron strategy, handicrafts, and wisdom. She was also the patron of the city Athens (which was named after her) Her symbol of the city Athens (which was named after her) Her symbol is the is the oliveolive tree. She is commonly shown accompanied by tree. She is commonly shown accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl her sacred animal, the owl

HEPHAESTUSHEPHAESTUS Crippled god of fire, metalworking, and crafts. Husband to Crippled god of fire, metalworking, and crafts. Husband to

Aphrodite. His sacred animals are the donkey, the guard Aphrodite. His sacred animals are the donkey, the guard dog and the crane. Among his creations was the armor of dog and the crane. Among his creations was the armor of AchillesAchilles. He uses hammer and fire. . He uses hammer and fire.

ARESARES God of war, bloodshed, and violence. The son of Zeus and God of war, bloodshed, and violence. The son of Zeus and

Hera, Ares' sacred animals are the vulture, venomous Hera, Ares' sacred animals are the vulture, venomous snakes, dogs, and boars. He uses helmet and spear or snakes, dogs, and boars. He uses helmet and spear or sword, or as an armed warrior sword, or as an armed warrior

DIONYSUSDIONYSUS God of wine, parties and festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness, drugs, God of wine, parties and festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness, drugs,

and ecstasy.He uses and ecstasy.He uses thyrsusthyrsus (a pinecone-tipped staff), drinking cup, grape (a pinecone-tipped staff), drinking cup, grape vine, and a crown of vine, and a crown of ivy.ivy. Animals sacred to him include dolphins, serpents, Animals sacred to him include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys. Alcohol, especially wine, played an important role in tigers, and donkeys. Alcohol, especially wine, played an important role in Greek culture with Dionysus being an important reason for this life style Greek culture with Dionysus being an important reason for this life style

GOLDEN APPLE GOLDEN APPLE

This is the reason of the Trojan War. This is the reason of the Trojan War. The judgement of Paris The judgement of Paris ΤΗΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΗΙ" (Ancient Greek: τῇ καλλίστῃ ΤΗΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΗΙ" (Ancient Greek: τῇ καλλίστῃ

tē(i) kallistē(i)tē(i) kallistē(i), Modern Greek: τη καλλίστη , Modern Greek: τη καλλίστη ti ti kallistikallisti; "for/to the most beautiful" – cf. Callisto) ; "for/to the most beautiful" – cf. Callisto)

GOLDEN APPLEGOLDEN APPLE Zeus held a banquet in celebration of the Zeus held a banquet in celebration of the

marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Eris, the goddess marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Eris, the goddess of discord, was not invited for her troublesome of discord, was not invited for her troublesome nature, and upon turning up uninvited, she threw nature, and upon turning up uninvited, she threw a golden apple into the ceremony, with an a golden apple into the ceremony, with an inscription that read: for/ to the most beautiful. inscription that read: for/ to the most beautiful.

Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. They brought the matter Athena, and Aphrodite. They brought the matter before Zeus. Not wanting to get involved, Zeus before Zeus. Not wanting to get involved, Zeus assigned the task to assigned the task to ParisParis of Troy. of Troy.

Zeus gave the apple to Hermes and told him to Zeus gave the apple to Hermes and told him to deliver it to Paris and tell him that the goddesses deliver it to Paris and tell him that the goddesses would accept his decision without argument. would accept his decision without argument.

GOLDEN APPLEGOLDEN APPLE

As each goddess wanted to receive As each goddess wanted to receive the apple, they each stripped off their the apple, they each stripped off their own clothing and appeared naked own clothing and appeared naked before Paris. before Paris.

GOLDEN APPLE GOLDEN APPLE

Each of the goddesses also offered Paris a Each of the goddesses also offered Paris a gift as a bribe in return for the apple; gift as a bribe in return for the apple;

Hera offered to make him the king of Hera offered to make him the king of Europe and Asia, Europe and Asia,

Athena offered him wisdom and skill in Athena offered him wisdom and skill in battle, battle,

Aphrodite offered him the most beautiful Aphrodite offered him the most beautiful woman in the world as his wife, woman in the world as his wife, HelenHelen of of Sparta (later to be titled Helen of Troy). Sparta (later to be titled Helen of Troy).

GOLDEN APPLE GOLDEN APPLE

THE JUDGEMENT OF PARİSTHE JUDGEMENT OF PARİS

Paris chose Aphrodite, a decision that Paris chose Aphrodite, a decision that ultimately led to the start of the Trojan war. ultimately led to the start of the Trojan war. Paris soon went to celebrate the marriage of Paris soon went to celebrate the marriage of Helen and Menelaus with his brother. They Helen and Menelaus with his brother. They spent the night there, and Menelaus was spent the night there, and Menelaus was called to Agamemnon, and thus Helen and called to Agamemnon, and thus Helen and Paris were left alone. In this time they made Paris were left alone. In this time they made love, and Helen left Menelaus to sail to Troy love, and Helen left Menelaus to sail to Troy with Paris, thus initiating the Trojan War. with Paris, thus initiating the Trojan War.

TROJAN WAR TROJAN WAR

Gods who are Participants on the Gods who are Participants on the Greek sideGreek side

Athena Athena Hera Hera Poseidon Poseidon Hermes Hermes Hephaestus Hephaestus Thetis Thetis

TROJAN WARTROJAN WAR Gods who are Participants on the Gods who are Participants on the

Trojan side:Trojan side: AphroditeAphrodite Ares Ares Artemis Artemis ZeusZeus LetoLeto ErisEris Zeus was strictly neutral - but acted to stop Zeus was strictly neutral - but acted to stop

the fighting without having Helen return, the fighting without having Helen return, which would have amounted to a Trojan which would have amounted to a Trojan victory in essence victory in essence

TROJAN WARTROJAN WAR

The end of the war came with one final The end of the war came with one final plan. Odysseus devised a new ruse—a plan. Odysseus devised a new ruse—a giant hollow wooden horse, an animal giant hollow wooden horse, an animal that was sacred to the Trojans. It was that was sacred to the Trojans. It was built by Epeius and guided by Athena, built by Epeius and guided by Athena, from the wood of a cornel tree grove from the wood of a cornel tree grove sacred to Apollo, with the inscription:sacred to Apollo, with the inscription: The Greeks dedicate this thank-offering to The Greeks dedicate this thank-offering to

Athena for their return homeAthena for their return home

TROJAN WAR TROJAN WAR The horse was filled with soldiers The horse was filled with soldiers When the Trojans discovered that the Greeks When the Trojans discovered that the Greeks

were gone, believing the war was over, they were gone, believing the war was over, they "joyfully dragged the horse inside the city", "joyfully dragged the horse inside the city",

some thought they ought to hurl it down some thought they ought to hurl it down from the rocks, others thought they should from the rocks, others thought they should burn it, while others said they ought to burn it, while others said they ought to dedicate it to Athena dedicate it to Athena

The Trojans decided to keep the horse and The Trojans decided to keep the horse and turned to a night of mad celebration. turned to a night of mad celebration.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU