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YEVAD Proje

1 Objectives

Nationwide, many landfills are exhausting their remaining capacity. Meanwhile municipal waste continues to flow in greater volume. Handling the nation's waste stream has become a major problem for most municipalities. With more waste created daily, landfills nationwide are rapidly facing a capacity crisis. Landfills are akin to owning a reverse gold mine.

YEVAD has been formed to provide a solution for municipal waste and sewage sludge problem in Turkey and capitalize on the lucrative benefits of possessing fully permitted landfills.

2 Overview

There are four components in this operation:

• Solarthermal production of heat for:

◦ production of electricity

◦ evaporation of domestic sludge

• Production of electricity from heat of burning dried solid content of domestic sludge

• Gasification of municipality waste and production of:

◦ electricity

◦ process heat

◦ light fuel

◦ clean water

◦ different raw materials

• Collection and burning of landfill gas from existing landfill area for production of electricity and process heat

All components are connected and synchronized to ensure the efficiency and uninterruptibility of the energy production.

Listing of processable waste

The processing technology of for thermal waste disposal, including the production of fuel, electricity and thermal energy is applicable to a wide range of waste material, including:

• Municipal waste

• Hazardous waste

• Sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants

• Agricultural waste (biomass)

• Rubber waste

• Chemical waste

• Waste of electronic industry

• Plastics etc.

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Legend:

1: EPU waste gasification plant for solid municipality waste

2: Evaporation of urban sewage sludge

3: Solar thermal collector box

4a: Burner for process and synthetic gas from Gasifikation and landfill gas and vaporizer

4b: Burners for dry matter from sewage sludge and evaporator

5a 5b: GE Global Engine system to generate electricity

6: Collect and discharge of landfill gas from landfill

7: Power supply

8: depot for purified water

: Heat exchangers

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3 Market Analysis

3.1 Energy

We now stand at an important historical crossroads in terms of the structure of both Turkish and global society. The focal point of our changing world is our growing dependence upon foreign oil and our rapidly diminishing traditional sources of energy such as oil, natural gas, and coal. Turkish people are addicted to oil and other forms of energy and our need for energy grows exponentially as Turkish industry grows. There is especially a depletion of usable light sweet crude oil. The simple fact, which every authority agrees upon, is that our need for energy is soon going to outpace our ability to draw energy from traditional resources. The global supply of coal, natural gas, and most importantly oil are becoming depleted, nuclear power is too dangerous, and without alternative energy sources we will experience a severe lack of energy in the future. Therefore it is necessary for us to discover alternative energy sources in order for our industrial and commercial future in the twenty-first century to be secure.

The combination of energy production from waste and solarthermal heat enables uniterruptable continuous energy production. Few maintance costs and government aids makes investments not only environmental-friendly but even profitable and feasible.

3.2 Raw Materials

Different valuable raw materials are recycled:

• metals• active charcoal• cleaned water• fuel

4 Demand Analysis

4.1 Actual Demand

Turkey has been experiencing rapid growth in demand in all segments of the energy sector for decades. Over the period 1990-2006, Turkey’s Energy Consumption for Primary Energy and Electricity, in parallel with the population and GDP growth, has increased at an annual rate of 3.7 % and 7.2% respectively.

Final Energy Consumption

The primary energy consumption of Turkey which reached around 99.6 million toe in 2006, is projected to rise to 106.3 toe in 2007, 126 million toe in 2010 and 222 million toe in 2020 according to the high scenario which is adopted as reference by MENR for next years. Per capita energy consumption of oil equivalent (kgoe) in 2006 as 1,377 kilograms would rise to 1,455 kgoe in 2007.

Turkey imported 73 % of its total energy requirements with a diversified portfolio of imports in 2006, net petroleum and petrol product imports constituted 30.3 mtoe, natural gas 27.8 mtoe (30.5 mtoe in 2007 ) and coal 15.1 toe in this import. The cost of energy import including natural gas, coal and electricity amounted to 29 billion dollars in 2006 that represented 34 % of export income. However electricity import and export have not important amounts and shares.

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Primary energy consumption in Turkey (TOE)

4.2 Increase in Demand

The demand for energy continues to grow globally. Energy resources being used mostly are rapidly decreasing. The world is becoming more polluted due to the high consumption of energy resources. Turkey's demand for energy will increase by 6 percent annually until the year 2020.Turkey plays a strategic role in global energy demand and energy supplies, and with a rapidly growing economy, it must establish, implement and continue relevant energy policies to meet the growing energy needs.

As a result of the continued growing trend in 2007, industrial sector and electricity sector primary energy consumption is expected to increase by 4 percent and 15 percent, respectively, compared to previous year, thereby leading to a 7 percent increase in total primary energy consumption with respect to 2006. Recent forecast of MENR indicates that this trend will prevail in the forthcoming decades.

5 Environmental Analysis

The YEVAD project will utilize and sell all recyclable materials. Our principals will take the necessary steps to utilize every resource to ensure environmental protection. Every aspect of this operation not only increases the cash flow, but also protects the environment.

Beside utilization of waste and recycling of raw materials the energy production of the plant saves CO2 .

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6 Business Analysis

6.1 Organigram

Our group of companies combines more than 50 years of experience in the sectors of energy and waste.

6.2 Executive Team

Karl H. MuenchHelmut SimaAndreas FörsterDr. Rainer Gierlich

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6.3.1 Production of electricity - Global Engine Technology

The sun is the largest source of energy on earth. Every year the sun sends a free amount of energy, approximately equivalent to ten thousand times of the world's primary energy requirements Solar energy is used both for electric power production and thermally for warming water, e.g. for the use in hot-water and heating systems.

With solar thermal power stations the direct irradiation of the sun is bundled with the help of collectors on an absorber. Solar farms collect warmth in to many fragmented absorbers. In addition to the sun the plant shown here can use nearly every conventional heat source which delivers a temperature around 200° C

Technology advantages

The special advantage of solar thermal power stations is the use of a conventional, relative easy available technology. Till now, small decentralized plants for solar thermal power supply have not been available. This gap is now being closed by the technology developed by us. Additionally, our power plants are more efficient and usable in a more versatile way. With corresponding storage technology the plant can be operated up to 24 hours.

The high efficiency of our small scale plants can be compared easily with large scale plants:

Input – thermal rating: 300 kW

Output – electrical power: 100 kW

The new technologyThe collectors as well as the complete conception of the system are revolutionary in our solar thermal power plants with a central heat exchanger. The energetic center of the system is a engine which makes these combinations possible by the use of new materials.

• small scale power plants starting at 100 kW electrically • small required space for turbine and collectors • 24-hours-power generation by new heat storage technology, respectively by a burner working

with dried bio-mass • Low operating costs by low-maintenance technology • CHP – (combined heat and power)

Basic installationA basic installation contents a GE Global Engine unit, a solar thermal collector-field and a heat storage unit. As additionally or alternativly heatsource a biomass burner can be installed. Depending on geographical location and climatical circumstamces as well as on available biomass a basic installation can produce electricity up to 24 houres per day. Beside production of electricity – up to 24 houres per day – our technology offers a lot of additional advantages for different industrial branches. Some examples: Industrial sectors (examples):

• Milk industry: Evaporation of milkwhey to distilled water and milkpowder. Milkpowder can be used as biomass/burning material or used for other products

• Olive industry: Evaporation of Blackwater (OMW) to distilled water and biomass

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• Chicken industry: Drying and burning of chickencrap

Municipalities (examples):

• Sewage sludge • Landfill gas

The efficiency of our technology makes investments in production of electricity from renewable energy sources feasible – and subventions from government for solar thermal produced electricity makes it even more profitable for you.The additional solutions for waste treatment helps you to save money and to fulfill the law's about it – and possibly adds another profit by burning biomass.

6.3.2 Fuel, Metals, Active Coal, Clean Water and other raw materials

Crucial advantages of our Waste to Energy Technology:

• affordable construction and operation costs • sorting or combination of waste not required • effective use of contained raw materials • stable, robust technique (long terms) • complies with environmental regulations • closed system – self-sufficient • modular system

Technology

• is not based on combustion but rather on carbonization of garbage. • operates economically even at a low operational capacity. • can dispose residue as well as hazardous waste in a sustainable and ecological way. • attains energy production levels many times higher than conventional waste incineration

technology. • produces high energy fuel, electricity, heat and cold. • produces slag with a low leachability that is suitable for road construction. • does not leave any residue fractions with detachable pollutant fractions. • has minimal space requirements; plant size can be customized.

Plant sizes / Modular method of construction The modular construction enables individualized adaptation of tasks. EPU Plants as well as the WAS and GLRS -Plants are basically built in a modular way. This enables a successive expansion via convenient single components when the demand is growing and cost effectiveness when the plant is not operating at full capacity. Therefore, the conception of the plant can be expanded at any time and, likewise, unused capacities can be turned off.The standard EPU100 module has a capacity of 100 to/day (31,250 to/year). According to the requirements the modules can be expanded by combining modules up to the total plant capacity of 1,600 to/day (500,000 to/year).

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Standart module - 100 to/day (31.500 to/year)

Operation FacilitiesThe demand for operation facilities for running the operation of Plants is, in comparison to existing technologies, very low. The Technology requires only a small amount of external energy; nearly all processes are fed by energy produced during the process. Only small amounts of consumable material (e.g. ammoniac or lime for conventional gas cleaning) is necessary due to the fact that the reactive components can be, for the most part, recycled in the process. Procedure process with general description of function

1. Balance

Arriving garbage is weighed with a balance and grasped.

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2. Bunker

In the bunker the garbage is broken and consolidated by means of a crusher and a snail compressor. Afterwards the consolidated mass is welded into foil and carried via a conveyor to the paternoster lift. Larger pieces not seized by the crusher (for example, tires) are seized by the crane and arrive at the intermediate bunker. According to the requirement these parts are then admitted into the fusion carburettor directly. The mud resulting from the consolidation is pumped into the chamber filter press. By means of the briquetting press the liquid mud e.g. made of lacquer and industrial mud mixed with another types of mud, coming from the silos are injected to form briquettes. These arrive at the paternoster lifts and into the fusion carburettor. Excess liquid arrives into the chamber filter press.

3. Fusion carburettor

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The principle of the fusion carburettor is based on the cupola furnace technology. Core temperature of up to 2400 °C is produced melting the entire inorganic mass of garbage (removed as slag). The radiant heat developing with the fusion process is sufficient to change into the gaseous phase all organic compounds brought in the garbage within the range of 60 - 1100°C (then sucked out). The high quality hydrocarbon connections such as methane CH4 and the hydrogen H2, and the CO freed from the waste at approx 650°C are not divided thermally. Likewise the caloric, very high quality dioxins and furan, e.g. the PCDD, PCDF and the PCB released at approx. 200°-300° are not divided and arrive as so called cold gas into the gas clean up plant. At approx 600-800°C, the released carbon connects with the H2 and the O, to form a high quality hydrocarbon compound. The metallic oxides developing with the soldering process can form a so called Aryl with the hydrocarbon. These materials accrue as dust and soot particles. They become cleaned in the gas clean up and accrue as mud.

The resulting mud is supplied again to the carburettor, where the remaining portion of carbon is then used energetically. The inorganic portion, e.g. dust and oxides, becomes an inorganic mass merged and bound within the slag. Additional security in bringing the garbage into the carburettor is provided by a double air lock. This prevents too much atmospheric oxygen from arriving into the carburettor on feeding. Here gas in the temperature range of 60°-1100°C is produced. This gas is called process gas (the so called pyrolysis gas develops between 1000°-1100° C). The advantage of the process gas is the fact that the full specific energy of the garbage is gained as gas and becomes converted into fuel, electricity, heat and cold. Through the secondary tubing pipe (jacket pipe) the heat is used in the distillation for distilling the hydrocarbons, liquefied in the gas cleanup. Through the raw gas pipe the gas is delivered to the gas cleanup.

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4. Gas clean up

The gas cleanup is a chemical-physical cleaning system. It is based on cooperating physical-technical, chemical, aerodynamic, flow-technical and mechanical components. When raw gases enter the system, the gases are first brought to downdraft equipment with the process liquid in prereaction. Here, by diffusion and consolidating the steam gas mixture arrives from the carburettor with a downdraft effect. This, on one hand, lowers the raw gas temperature by approx. 400° C to 60°C and, on the other hand, dusts contained in the gas flow, such as silicates and hydrocarbons are absorbed. Also the metallic oxide connections result as mud in the process liquid and are physically separated in the plant. In the gas cleanup, by means of chemical reaction foam mass is produced. This forms a dynamic filter that absorbs and brings into a state of liquid aggregation the entire steam gas mixture. The foam mass is produced by dynamic rollers propelled by the air flow. 1 m³ foam mass reaches a filter surface of up to 100,000 m². The foam filter is constantly built in the cleaning process and thus is perpetually available. The foam vesicles have a very high consistency, and work like a mini reactor with very high dynamics. All gas molecules, dust particles and other particles are absorbed and put into the liquid. The surplus foam is divided by means of scum decomposition, so that the cleaned gases can

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arrive at the gas motor. The materials resulting as mud are physically separated and supplied for residual energy production to the fusion carburettor. Due to this gas cleanup system, it is possible to process condensed liquid hydrocarbons, which have a 1000 times smaller volume than in the gaseous state. Thus it becomes possible to buffer the surplus of liquid hydrocarbon as supporting energy. A further advantage is the fact that particularly for the gas cleanup reaction the gaseous oxides as SO2 and NO2 are dissolved into water as acids, salt out and result as mud. The CO2 becomes H2CO3 which among other things finds use in the water purification process. The process water is cooled by means of a process water cooling system and becomes the process discharge.

5. Process water cooling

By means of the process water cooling system the process liquid is cooled. This is done via the air circulation pipe from the environment via the paternoster lifts; and a simultaneous low pressure is created in the bunker area. Likewise air is sucked from the gas motor area and led across the process water cooling system. With the process water feedback the temperature in the gas clean up is lowered. At the same time the process water cooling system serves for air cleaning when cooling the process water air from the bunker is sucked in and adsorbed into the liquid.

6. Distillation

The process water sucked off from the gas cleanup through the distillery becomes the suction line. The hydrocarbons in the liquid are separated into the distillate. This takes place above the boiling point of the hydrocarbons, e.g. Pentane, C5H12, from the garbage branch a boiling point of 36°C into the distillate; in that case fuel is extracted from the process liquid. Ethylene glycol, C2H6O2 which occurs in the special refuse in the lacquer mud, is likewise extracted at a boiling point of 197.6 °C from the distillate as liquid fuel. The hydrocarbons are stored as fuel in the buffer tanks. Remarkably, e.g. the mercury distilled from the liquid cleaned from the garbage via the gas clean up, is extracted as an element. This happens at 90°C, and can be a source of a valuable raw material in the recycling cycle.

7. WAS Water purification

The WAS is based on the procedures of cooperating physic-chemical components. If the soiled water is cleaned in the liquid state of aggregation, only a conditioned cleaning/purity of the water is achieved. If the polluted water is, in contrast, driven through the WAS-plant, a high quality, pure water is achieved. By the coactions of the physical-technical, chemical, aerodynamic, flow-technical, mechanical and electrostatic components reaction mechanisms are produced. With all the series of experiments with leachate, industrial water and sewage, it was determined that the high quality minerals remain. The organic, metal organic, metallic oxide and chlorine compounds, however, leave by the reaction agent means. A chemical balance is achieved, so that after the purification process the water remains stable and consequently a long-term storage is possible.

8. Air cleaning

The air cleaning equipment serves as a safety system. On one hand, this air is sucked from the bunkers in order to guarantee that no bacteria, germs, fungi, or viruses arrive at the work areas. On the other hand, it guarantees that the entire building is held at a light low pressure. The air cleaning works like the WAS Plant according to the same cleaningprinciple for which larger cross sections of air circulation are provided.

6.3.3 CO2 Certificates

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7 Analysis of the Competition

muench group• is an engineering and project development company• is specialized in the development of Renewable Energy and recycling projects• our current and future customers are ministries and environmental protection authorities,

municipalities, supply and disposal enterprises as well as industrial firms

Focuses■ Renewable Energy: Renewable Energy stands for energy that is produced from natural and re-growing sources, such as wind, water, bio-oils and biomass, solar, geothermal and others.■ Waste to Energy: Drying of sludge by solarthermal evaporation, Plasma and other W2E technologies can provide a clean and efficient solution to waste management avoiding the environmental consequences caused by landfills or incinerators.

The Opportunity■ Climate change due to CO2 emissions, the oil’s high price and its nature of limited resource make up the case for Renewable Energies as strategic investments for institutional investors and governments.■ Climate change is forcing governments worldwide to establish legal frameworks, such as the Law on Renewable Energy in Germany and other European countries, or current laws being approved in Canada.■ Opportunities also arise in Waste to Energy from the harmonization trend within the EU regarding environmental requirements and the development of the East European countries.

Philosophy■ muench group’s philosophy is the identification of problems and the proposal of solutions■ muench group focuses on developing and implementing projects to solve particular problems and utilizing the best technical and economical solution available■ Helping clients to meet Kyoto protocol’s objectives■ Multidisciplinary approach

Product Pipeline■ The current focus is the development of several projects concerning Recycling, Waste to Energy and Waste to Oil in Germany, Turkey and Greece.■ The company has further Renewable Energy, Recycling and Waste to Energy projects in Europe, the Middle East and South America in planning.

Technology■ The company has secured preferential technology rights, access to patents and commercialisation rights for several technologies■ Major progress has already been made in negotiating co-operation rights and business alliances with other engineering companies, general constructors, technology providers, facility operators and other companies■ Other patents and products under study lead to the expansion of in-house proprietary technology. Further subsidies can be obtained for utilizing new technologies in projects.■ Proprietary technology can also be exported via technology transfer services.

Products and Services■ Services:Engineering, procurement and feasibility studies■ Project Development:

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Renewable Energies, recycling, waste to energy and environmental projects■ Master planning:Combination of the different specialized planners■ Project Management and Controlling■ Operations

Services■ Identification of suitable sites■ Execution of feasibility studies■ Design of the specific plants■ Procurement- Negotiating the legal permits- Negotiation with the rights and patent holders- Design and implementation of the fuel logistics (biomass and waste)■ Market development for the plant products■ Negotiations and contracting of general contractors■ Supervision■ Operations

Project Development: Renewable energy■ Solar Thermal Power Plants with special designed collectors producing temperatures up to 400° C and more■ Biomass Power Plants with different gasification technologies patents in combination with Global Engine, Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle, which lead to the maximum possible energy efficiency.■ Geothermal Power Plants with Global Engine and Kalina Cycle, which provide a higher yield than any other known power generation technology with low thermal water temperatures.■ Combinations of Technologies depending on project and geographical/climatical circumstances

Project Development: Recycling, W2E,..■ Waste to Energy Plants with different gasification / pyrolisis technologies patents in combination with Global Engine, which lead to the maximum possible energy efficiency.■ Gas, water and soil cleaning systems ■ Tyre Recycling plants■ Plastic to Diesel

Key Strengths■ The company has an experienced management and cooperates with other teams with deep technical and operational expertise, proven track records in energy related investments, and board-level management positions.■ Combination of market access, technology and management team allows us to be able to take advantage of this opportunity.■ Access to cutting edge technology, patents and commercialisation rights, and the ability to standardize projects but also to proposed tailor made solutions are key issues.

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8 Success Factors

The integrated environment protection concept is a combination of the actual most effecient and feasible technologies:

• Solarthermal production of heat for:

◦ production of electricity

◦ evaporation of domestic sludge

More detailled information and as example Energy from Olive-oil-mill wastewater (OMW) and olive cake available at: http://www.muenchgroup.com/en/zeytincilik.html

• Production of electricity from heat of burning dried solid content of domestic sludge

More detailled information at: http://www.muenchgroup.com/en/camur.html

• Gasification of municipality waste and production of:

◦ electricity

◦ process heat

◦ light fuel

◦ clean water

◦ different raw materials

More detailled information at: http://www.muenchgroup.com/en/epu.html

• Collection and burning of landfill gas from existing landfill area for production of electricity and process heat

More detailled information at: http://www.muenchgroup.com/en/copgaz.html

By means of the applied Technology for the first time ever, all kinds of waste material, including problematic hazardous waste, can be processed in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. The secret of the proven success lies in the coactions of several processing technologies for energy recovery and waste disposal. In comparison to existing incineration plants the energy efficiency of EPU Technology is significantly higher. The Plant energy efficiency of our Technology is significantly higher. Our Plant produces high energy fuel, electricity, heat and cold. The Technology requires only a small quantity of external energy; nearly all processes are fed by energy produced during the process. No residues remain for land filling. Ground water, air and soil are protected. The thereby applied carburettor is based on the reliable cupola-furnace technology with a conveying-and feed technology specializing in the gasification of waste materials. All components of the plant have been separately used over several years and all testing procedures have been successful.

Independent third-party reports, e.g. TÜV, are available.

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