yi qiang duke university for the workshop on hadron physics in china and opportunities with 12 gev...
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Yi QiangDuke University
for the Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities with 12 GeV
JLabJuly 31, 2009
7/31/2009 1Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
OutlineOverview of leading twist TMDsJefferson Lab Experiment E06-010
First neutron Transversity experiment
Experimental configurationPolarized 3He targetDetector performance
Future plan and impact
7/31/2009 2Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Nucleon Structure from DISUn-polarized Nucleon Structure Function
Longitudinal Momentum DistributionWell probed for 50 years over very large kinematics
rangeLongitudinal Polarized Nucleon Structure
FunctionsSince “spin crisis” in 1980s Plotted in fairly large range
Transversity: Can be probed in Semi-Inclusive DISNew business: recent measurements from HERMES
and COMPASS using Hydrogen and Deuteron targets
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f1 =
g1 =
h1 =
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Blue: kT independent; Red: T-odd
Leading Twist TMDs
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f1 =
f 1T =
g1 =
g1T =
h1 =
h1L =
h1T =
h1 =
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
...]})cos(1[
...]1[
...])3sin(
...)()sin(
)sin([
...])2sin([
...)2cos(
...{
)1(2
)cos(2
2
)3sin(
)sin(
)sin(
)2sin(
)2cos(
,
2
2
2
2
Sh
Sh
Sh
Sh
h
h
LTSheT
LLeL
UTSh
ULSh
UTShT
ULhL
UUh
TUU
hhS
FS
FS
F
F
FS
FS
F
F
y
xyQdPdzddxdyd
d
SL, ST: Target Polarization; e: Beam Polarization
Access Leading Twist Parton Distributions through Semi-Inclusive DIS
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Unpolarized
PolarizedTarget
PolarizedBeam andTarget
Boer-Mulder
Sivers
Transversity
Pretzelosity
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Transversity from JLab Hall A Linear accelerator
provides continuous polarized electron beamEbeam = 6 GeV
Pbeam = 85%
3 experimental halls
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A B C
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
E06-010 CollaborationE06-010: Single Target-Spin Asymmetry in Semi-
Inclusive n↑(e, e’±) Reaction on a Transversely Polarized 3He Target
Spokespersons:Xiaodong Jiang (Rutgers/Los Alamos, Contact Person), Jian-ping Chen (JLab), Evaristo Cisbani (INFN-Rome), Haiyan Gao (Duke), Jen-Chieh Peng (UIUC)
Thesis Students:C. Dutta (Kentucky), J. Huang (MIT), A. Kalyan (Kentucky), J. Katich (W&M), X. Qian (Duke), Y. Wang (UIUC), Y. Zhang (Lanzhou U)
Approved with A rating and was just finished in early February, 2009.
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Polarized3He Target
E06-010 Setup• Electron beam: E = 5.9
GeV• 40 cm polarized 3He
target• BigBite at 30 degrees as
electron arm:P = 0.7 ~ 1.8 GeV/c
• HRSL at 16 degrees as hadron arm:
P0 = 2.35 GeV/c
• Measure Collins, Sivers and pretzelosity asymmetries in valence range: x = 0.1 ~ 0.4
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e
HRSL
16o
e’
BigBite30o
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Rotate target spin direction to increase s coverage
Separation of Collins, Sivers and Pretzelosity effects through angular dependence
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NN
NN
PA l
SlhUT
1),(
),()()3sin(6)1(
),()()sin()2
1(
),()()sin()1(
211
222
3
211
22
211
2
hhh
TqlS
lh
hN
hT
hhhq
qTq
lS
lh
N
hT
hh
qlS
lh
h
hTUT
PzHxheMMz
PyS
PzDxfezM
PyyS
PzHxhezM
PyS
SiversSivers
TransversityTransversity
PretzelosityPretzelosity
Vertical
Horizontal
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Polarized 3He TargetEffective polarized neutron targetHigh luminosity: L(n) = 1036 cm-2 s-1
Fast spin exchange with K/Rb hybrid cells
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~90% ~8% ~1.5%
Laser795 nm
25 G Holding Field
Oven230 oC
= 3”
40 cm
Target Chamber
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Target Setup for TransversityNew vertical coil together with
existing horizontal coils and new oven allow 3He to be polarized in ALL three directions!
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New narrow band COMET lasers make optical pumping more efficient.
3He spin pumped to horizontal and vertical directions.
Auto spin flip every 20 minutes.
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
NMR: Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceFree NMR at pumping chamber
from every auto spin flip.Target chamber polarization is
calibrated by Water NMR measurement.
EPR: Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceGot signal from both K and Rb.Measures pumping chamber
polarization.
3He Target Polarimetries
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EPR
Water NMR
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Online preliminary EPR/NMR analysis shows a stable 65% polarization with 15 A beam and 20 minute spin flip
Cell: AstralCell: Astral Cell: MaureenCell: Maureen
Target Performance
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
BigBite Spectrometer30 degrees to the beam rightDetect electronsA big bite of acceptance
64 msrP : 700 ~ 1800 MeV/c
3 Wire Chambers: 18 planesOptics is crucial for the
angular dependence separation and kinematics variables
Pre-Shower and Shower for electron PID
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
BigBite OpticsOptics for both negative and positive
charged particles have been done Wire Chamber Spatial Resolution: 180 mVertex Resolution: 1 cmAngular Resolution: < 10 mradMomentum Resolution: 1%
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BigBite Sieve Slit
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Electron Selection in BigBitePre-shower/Shower have been calibratedEnergy Resolution: 8%Well separated electrons and pions
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Cherenkov Ring from RICH
Cherenkov Ring from RICH
4 Separation4 Separation
Left High Resolution Spectrometer16 degrees to beam left
with p0 = 2.35 GeV/cClean e/ separation with
Gas Cherenkov and Pion Rejector
Vertex and TOF coincidence with BigBite will help reduce the background
Kaon asymmetry data can also be extracted:A1: Pion rejection > 90 %RICH: K/ separation ~ 4 TOF: K/ separation ~ 4
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e Coincidence Time
< 400 ps
K
p
K
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Kinematics Coverage
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y
Q2
W’
z
x
0.6 ~ 0.9
0.6 ~ 3 (GeV/c)2
1.5 ~ 2.3 (GeV/c2)
0.4 ~ 0.6
x<0.25
x>0.25
Sivers Angle: h-s Collins Angle: h+s Pretzelosity Angle: 3h-s
0 0.25 0.5
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Projections of Collins and Sivers Functions
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Projections of g1T First Neutron (3He) MeasurementWith Fast Beam Helicity Flip (30Hz)Projected Uncertainties (Stat. Only):
2.3% at low x3.4% at high x
7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 20
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Status of E06-010The experiment was smoothly
performed from Oct 2008 to Feb 2009.
Statistics exceeded the approved goal.
Detector calibrations and target analysis are ongoing.
Will start to extract physical asymmetries afterwards.
7/31/2009 Neutron Transversity in Jefferson Lab Hall A 21
Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Future Plan and ImpactFinish all the data quality check, detector calibration
and target analysis by Sep 2009.Extract raw asymmetries: witness channel, blind
analysis and then raw physics asymmetry by Nov 2009.
Apply other corrections: dilution factor, background asymmetry correction, radiative correction and etc.
Final asymmetries separation: Collins, Sivers …The results from this experiment will provide
important constraints on the TMDs of u, d and s quarks in the valence quark region when combined with world data.
The experience obtained will greatly help us to plan the future SIDIS experiments.
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
E06-010 Collaboration Institutions
California State Univ., Duke Univ., Florida International. Univ., Univ. Illinois, JLab, Univ. Kentucky, LANL, Univ. Maryland, Univ. Massachusetts, MIT, Old Dominion Univ., Rutgers Univ., Temple Univ., Penn State Univ., Univ. Virginia, College of William & Mary, Univ. Sciences & Tech, China Inst. Of Atomic Energy, Beijing Univ., Seoul National Univ., Univ. Glasgow, INFN Roma and Univ. Bari, Univ. of Ljubljana, St. Mary’s Univ., Tel Aviv Univ.
Collaboration members A.Afanasev, K. Allada, J. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, F. Butaru, G. Cates, C. Chang, J.-P. Chen (Co-SP), W. Chen, S. Choi, C. Chudakov, E. Cisbani(Co-SP), E. Cusanno, R. De Leo, A. Deur, C. Dutta, D. Dutta, R. Feuerbach, S. Frullani, L. Gamberg, H. Gao(Co-SP), F. Garibaldi, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, C. Glashausser, J. Gomez, M. Grosse-Perdekamp, D. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, D. Howell, J. Huang, M. Iodice, D. Ireland, J. Jansen, C. de Jager, X. Jiang (Co-SP), Y. Jiang, M. Jones, R. Kaiser, A. Kalyan, A. Kelleher, J. Kellie, J. Kelly, A. Kolarkar, W. Korsch, K. Kramer, E. Kuchina, G. Kumbartzki, L. Lagamba, J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, K. Livingston, N. Liyanage, H. Lu, B. Ma, M. Magliozzi, N. Makins, P. Markowitz, Y. Mao, S. Marrone, W. Melnitchouk, Z.-E. Meziani, R. Michaels, P. Monaghan, S. Nanda, E. Nappi, A. Nathan, V. Nelyubin, B. Norum, K. Paschke, J. C. Peng(Co-SP), E. Piasetzky, M. Potokar, D. Protopopescu, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, B. Reitz, R. Ransome, G. Rosner, A. Saha, A. Sarty, B. Sawatzky, E. Schulte, S. Sirca, K. Slifer, P. Solvignon, V. Sulkosky, P. Ulmer, G. Urciuoli, K. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Watts, L. Weinstein, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Yao, H. Ye, Q. Ye, Y. Ye, J. Yuan, X. Zhan, Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, S. Zhou.
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
Fermi Lab E704: p↑p→X at 400 GeV
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
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Yi Qiang <[email protected]>Yi Qiang <[email protected]>
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