yivo book yedies199

YIVO has received the largest estatein its history. The bequest was

made by longtime supporter SidneyKrum. His gift, totaling $900,000,reflects the lifelong interests he culti-vated through YIVO, including a special commitment to Yiddish musicand theater.

Through his bequest, Krum will lit-erally bring music to the ears of futuregenerations. The money is being used

to establish and maintain the SidneyKrum Yiddish Music & TheatreCollections and to fund an annualmemorial concert of Jewish music inhis name.

During the summer of 1999,Sidney’s passion for music and hisdedication to his Jewish heritage ledhim to participate in a YIVO culturalpreservation project that resulted in alive concert and recording entitled “In

Love and In Struggle: The MusicalLegacy of the Jewish Labor Bund.”Sidney celebrated his love of music bysinging tenor in the Workmen’s CircleChorus on this moving historical doc-ument, together with renowned artistsincluding Adrienne Cooper andZalmen Mlotek, and in doing so hadbecome a part of YIVO’s history.

The Sidney Krum Yiddish Musicand Theatre

Y I V O N E W Shshgu,puihHuu† No. 201 • Spring 2006

Y I V OInstitute for Jewish Research

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[continued on page 10]

YIVO has celebrated the publica-tion of the long-awaited volume,

My Future Is in America: Autobiogra-phies of Eastern European Jewish Im-migrants. Translated and edited byJocelyn Cohen and Daniel Soyer (New York University Press, in con-junction with YIVO, March 2006), thebook was launched at a March 2ndreception fea-turing Cohen, Soyer and descendants of the original autobiog-raphy writers.

Based on the 1942 YIVO contest for best immigrant autobiographyabout “Why I Left the Old Country,and What I Have Accomplished inAmerica,” the memoirs were chosen

from over 200 entries and translatedfrom Yiddish. This book is “a mustread for anyone interested in immi-gration, American history, or theJewish experience in America,” notes Beth S. Wenger, Katz FamilyProfessor of American Jewish Historyat the University of Pennsylvania.

The writers, who arrived in Americafrom the 1890s to the 1920s, includemanual workers, shopkeepers, house-wives, communal activists and pro-fessionals. They came from all parts ofEastern Europe and ushered in a newera in American Jewish history.

In their words, the immigrant writ-ers convey the complexities of the

transitionbetween the Oldand New Worlds.Many of themhad struggled forliteracy to gainthis smallfoothold in thehistorical record.Now their storieshave been pub-

lished.Immediately after he launched the

contest, Max Weinreich, YIVOresearch director in the 1940s, realizedhe had a problem. Most of the immi-grants who read of

Chairman’s Message . . . .2Executive Director . . . . . .3YIVO Donors . . . . . . . . . . .4Development . . . . . . . . . . .5Food as Roots . . . . . . . . . .6YIVO News . . . . . . . . . . . .7Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Encyclopedia . . . . . . . . .10

Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Max Weinreich Center .12Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19New Accessions . . . . . .21Planned Giving . . . . . . . .26Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Yiddish Section . . . . .30-36

CONTENTS


Sidney Krum Leaves Largest YIVO Bequest

Gift of $900,000 Celebrates Music and Sound

Lives Revealed in American Memoirs BookLong Awaited Work Issued in March, My Future Is in America:Autobiographies of Eastern European Jewish Immigrants

Editors and translators Jocelyn Cohen andDaniel Soyer at book launch, signing copies of My Future Is in America.

Iwanted to use this theme formy message this issue — then

my good friend Harold Ostroffdied. The passing of this greatman and great friend of YIVObrought home for me the ebband flow of life: one generationcomes, and one generation goes,or as we said in my parents’home “Doyr hoylekh, vedoyr bo.”

This is a painful truth, as Icontemplate YIVO without thepractical wisdom, broad worldview, devotion to yidishkayt andstrength of Harold Ostroff. Heand I have worked side by sidefor so many years to restoreYIVO to prominence, to renewour commitment to preservingthe broadest definition of Jewishhistory and culture, to promotenew generations of scholars.

Harold was a stalwart of YIVO,epitomizing the strength, com-munity involvement, social con-sciousness and innovative think-ing of the YIVO founders. Hisloss is a severe blow. I have re-dedicated myself to keeping his vision alive and to workingeven harder to ensure YIVOwould make him proud. Hismemory will spur us to greaterachievements.

A generation comes, and a gener-ation goes. Last month when wecelebrated the Inaugural FoodAs Roots Dinner at YIVO, I wasstruck by the many new youngfaces at this unique event. I feltproud that YIVO and Food AsRoots helped bring us togetheras a community, to see everyoneacknowledging the ties of fami-ly, food and tradition. Yes, thiswas a great moment for me andfor YIVO. It proved once againhow important it is to remem-ber, to preserve and to share our history and culture witheach other, our children and our grandchildren. YIVO is thelink between the generations.

As Chairmanof the YIVOBoard I knowthe importanceof what we do.It is hard, grittyand time consuming: the preser-vation of rare Yiddish pam-phlets, cantorial manuscripts,posters, photographs, record-ings, landsmanshaft documents,

and the myriad other Jewishmaterials and objects that areentrusted to YIVO. YIVO is afamily of those who care aboutour history, culture and artifacts!

YIVO is the only organizationthat works so hard to save ourhistory and culture. We holdone-of-a-kind Jewish treasuresfrom Eastern Europe, and moreephemeral items of everydaylife. At YIVO we embrace plu-ralism, as did our founders, cel-ebrating the whole cacophonyof Jewish life past and present.

Doyr hoylekh, vedoyr bo. As wecontinue to reach out to newpeople, to touch memories andlives, we need you to walk withus. Look at the tremendous vari-ety of items that have come toYIVO as New Accessions in thepast six months (pages 23– 26)and you will see an outline ofJewish history.

As we say good-bye to HaroldOstroff, we must begin a newera without his leadership. Yet Ihope you share my determina-tion to keep going from strengthto strength, and to keep YIVOvital and relevant to honor hismemory. Working together wecan build a better, more accessi-ble YIVO and YIVO family.

2 YIVO News Spring 2006

YIVO NewsFounded in 1925 in Vilna, Poland, as theYiddish Scientific Institute and headquarteredin New York since 1940, YIVO is devoted to the history, society and culture of AshkenazicJewry and to the influence of that culture as itdeveloped in the Americas. Today, YIVOstands as the preeminent center for EastEuropean Jewish Studies; Yiddish language,literature and folklore; and the study of theAmerican Jewish immigrant experience.

A founding partner of the Center for JewishHistory, YIVO holds the following constituentmemberships: • American Historical Associa-tion • American Association of Professors ofYiddish • Association for Jewish Studies •Association of Jewish Libraries • Council ofArchives and Research Libraries in JewishStudies • Museums Council of New York City• Society of American Archivists and • WorldCongress of Jewish Studies.

Chairman of the Board: Bruce Slovin

Executive Director: Carl J. Rheins

Director of Development and External Affairs: Ella Levine

Director of Finance and Administration: Anthony Megino

Dean of the Library and Senior Research Librarian: Brad Sabin Hill

Chief Archivist: Fruma Mohrer

Head Librarian: Aviva Astrinsky

Associate Dean of the Max Weinreich Center/Yiddish Editor: Hershl Glasser

Editor: Elise L. F. Fischer

Production Editors:Jerry Cheslow, Michele Alperin

Contributors:David Ben-Arie, Gunnar Berg, Jesse Aaron Cohen, JeffreyEdelstein, Krysia Fisher, Leo Greenbaum, Lorri M. Greif,Fern Iva Kant, Danielle Lanyard, Kathleen Laux, YeshayaMetal, Chana Mlotek and Lorin Sklamberg.

15 West 16th StreetNew York, NY 10011-6301

Phone: (212) 246-6080 Fax: (212) 292-1892

www.yivo.orge-mail to Yedies: [email protected]



Bruce Slovin

From the Chairman of the BoardA Generation Comes and a Generation Goes

YIVO is a family ofthose who care aboutour history, culture and artifacts.

3hshgu, pui hHuu† 102 prhkhbd 6002

Dr. Carl J. Rheins

At the recent Association for Jewish Studies Annual

Convention in Washington, D.C.,YIVO assembled representativesof seven major Jewish archivesand libraries to discuss the im-pending retirement of seniorlibrarians and archivists in thefield, with no likely successorsin the “pipeline.” The partici-pants included the Library ofCongress, Hebraic Division;Stanford University; the LeoBaeck Institute; the New YorkPublic Library, Jewish Division;Baltimore Hebrew University;and The State University ofNew York at Albany. At the con-clusion of the meeting, severalmajor institutions announcedthat they were prepared to cre-ate, as early as next year, gradu-ate student internships as partof a curriculum for a new post-graduate Information Science/Jewish Studies program. Evenbefore the meeting, YIVO andthe State University of NewYork at Albany had taken pre-liminary steps to establish a new master’s degree program inInformation Sciences and JewishStudies.

Looking at the impending cri-sis on a broader scale, a 2000survey published by LibraryJournal found that 40 percent ofall senior library directors in theUnited States intend to retire innine years or less. Among mid-level librarians in the U.S., 60percent are age 45 and over,compared with the national figure of 35 percent for all oc-cupations; only 14 percent areunder 35, compared with anational occupational figure of 42 percent.

A similar crisis is looming inother countries. The UnitedKingdom anticipates a shortage

of 11,000 public librarians by2010. The shortage of Britisharchivists is even more severe.Many posts remain permanentlyunfilled and job advertisementsoften attract only one or twostrong candidates.

The problem is compoundedby the changing skill set thatlibrarians and archivists need inthe Information Age. Dr. GillianHallam, president of the Aus-tralian Library and InformationAssociation, writes:

The multidisciplinary natureof librarianship today requiresknowledge and skills that cutacross information technology,management, psychology andeducation. Librarians need tobe IT savvy and Net literate,yet they also need excellentinterpersonal skills to be ableto work with a variety of peo-ple in a range of informationcontexts. They need to beinquisitive and tenacious,imaginative and innovative,and they must enjoy problemsolving and thrive on chal-lenge. Most importantly, theyneed to understand the com-munities they are workingwith and the evolving natureof their information needs.

YIVO is not exempt from thesegeneral patterns. Of the Insti-tute’s 17 professional archivistsand librarians only two areunder age 40, and four are 68 orolder. Librarians andarchivists who wish towork in Jewish researchinstitutions must possessspecial skills, including asolid knowledge of mod-ern Jewish history and atleast two Jewish or EastCentral European lan-guages, preferably He-brew, Yiddish, Germanand Russian.

For YIVO and other majorJewish research libraries andarchives, the availability ofhighly trained foreign-bornlibrarians and archivists hastemporarily masked the currentlabor shortage. Of YIVO’s fiveprofessional librarians, three areforeign born. In the YIVO Ar-chives, five of seven seniorarchivists are foreign born.These colleagues not only havea total command of modernEuropean and modern Jewishhistory but also have brought us as many as 16 foreign lan-guages. Barring, however, a newwave of Jewish immigrationfrom the former Soviet Unionand Poland, we cannot count onEastern Europe as a futuresource for our staffing needs.

Therefore, it is critical that a world-class graduate degreeprogram in InformationSciences/Jewish Studies beestablished to help recruit andtrain a new generation of librari-ans and archivists to work inJewish institutions. Such a pro-gram may eventually requiresupport from either majorJewish philanthropists or fromthe various Federations ofJewish Philanthropies. But first, they must recognize thatour librarians and archivists areboth the stewards and gatekeep-ers of our glorious history.

From the Executive Director

Critical Shortage of American-BornLibrarians and Archivists

The StrashunLibrary readingroom, housed in the VilnaSynagogue, 1939.

YIVO News Spring 20064

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research DonorsWe acknowledge gifts of $1,000 and above from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005. We also extend our gratitude to the thousands of donors who are not listed in this issue of Yedies.

$900,000Estate of Sidney D. Krum

$100,000 +Atran Foundation, Inc.Ruth and David A. Levine

The Nash Family FoundationHelen and Jack Nash

Alvin Segal Family FoundationFrancesca C. and Bruce Slovin

$50,000 +Sylvia Brody AxelradRussell GalbutGruss Lipper FoundationJoanna H. Lipper

Bernard and Audre Rapoport FoundationSmart Family Foundation

Cindy and David Stone

Alice M. and Thomas J. TischNaomi and Motl Zelmanowicz

$25,000 +David Berg FoundationEmily and Len BlavatnikFoundation pour le Memoire de la Shoah, Paris

Andrea and Warren GroverFanya Gottesfeld Heller

HSBCJoanne Burke

National Foundation for Jewish Culture

Grace and Scott Offen

Anna and Martin PeretzRosa and David M. PolenFanya PortnoyBeatrice Schreter and Charles J. Rose

The Morris and Alma Schapiro Fund

Diane H. and Joseph S. Steinberg

$10,000 +S. Daniel Abraham FoundationEva and Daniel AbrahamKaren and William A. AckmanJoseph Alexander FoundationBeate and Joseph D. BeckerHalina and Samson BitenskyChais Family FoundationStanley Chais

Dibner Fund, Inc.David Dibner

Herbert G. Feldman CharitableFoundation

Forward Association, Inc.Ruth and Peter GayElisabeth and Max GitterRosina K. Abramson and Jeffrey Glen

Greystone and CompanyStephen Rosenberg

Pantel JeshonowitzJesselson FoundationErica JesselsonLinda and Michael G. Jesselson

The Robert Wood JohnsonFoundationStuart Schear

Carol and Gershon KekstMaurice Amado FoundationMax LublinerVivian and Edward MerrinJonathan I. MishkinSusanne and Jacob J. MorowitzBernard W. NussbaumDoris L. and Martin D. PaysonRonald O. Perelman

Arlene and Arnold D. RichardsMurray and Sydell RosenbergFoundation

Carol and Lawrence SaperLottie and Robert TartellTriarc CompaniesPeter W. May

The Wagner Family FoundationLeon M. and Harry A. Wagner

Joseph Wolf Family TrustEllen Wolf

Cathy W. and Seymour Zises

$5,000 +Bank of America Private BankJack BendheimAnn and Kenneth J. BialkinLotte and Ludwig BravmannJeffrey W. and Sharon CasdinAbby J. CohenAlice and Theodore CohnValerie and Charles M. DikerBernice and Donald G. DrapkinEstate of Abe FeldmanFirst NationwideGerald J. Ford

Forward AssociationKindy and Emanuel J. Friedman

Gittis Family FoundationHoward Gittis

Susan and Michael B. GoldbergArlene and Morris GoldfarbDiane S. and Mark GoldmanArnold GoldsteinYvette and Larry GrallaGeorge A. HambrechtJ.P. Morgan Chase & Co.Anne and William B. Harrison, Jr.

The Herman Kaiser FoundationJerome KernRandy KohanaNew York State Assembly Hon. Richard Gottfried

Murray KoppelmanRuth KremenAndrea S. KremenConstance and Harvey M. KruegerLouise Crandall and William Landberg

Ruth and Sidney LapidusLazard Freres & Co.Kenneth M. Jacobs

The Max and Anna LevinsonFoundation

Betty and Leo MelamedEsther L. MishkinHarold Ostroff

Jesse W. PeretzEvgenia S. PeretzDon A. SandersJoan and Richard J. ScheuerJay SchottensteinPearl and Bernard StarkVera SternNorma and Julian SvedoshMayer TendlerU.S. Holocaust Memorial MuseumWilliam G. WaltersBernard WeinsteinFrances WeinsteinAnonymous

$1,000 +Carol and Israel AbramcykMarion and Herbert AchtentuchCarmela and Milton R. AckmanWilma and Arthur AederMarjorie and Norman E. AlexanderMary L. and Ira AlpertHelen and Sheldon M. AtlasBetsy and Robert L. BarbanellNancy and Stanley C. BaronThe Baruch College Fund

Donna and Stanley I. BatkinSanford L. BatkinBlanche and Emanuel BinderMarion and George S. BlumenthalEve and Anthony BonnerEdythe and Eli BroadJill Goodman and Melvin J. BukietMarilyn and Marshall D. ButlerMarilyn and Harry CaginJohn A. Catsimatidis

Lori and Alexandre ChemlaLouis CilibertiLillian and Joel CohenCongress for Jewish CultureJames T. ConroyThomas E. ConstanceCaren and Arturo ConstantinerBrenda Cotsen and Jeff BenjaminDavid E. DangoorLaurie and Jeffrey M. Deane

Rosalind DevonCharles DimstonLillian and Elliot EismanP. and A. EllisonAdam and Pamela EmmerichRosalyn and Irwin EngelmanMaks and Rochelle EtinginLewis FaberBambi and Roger H. FelberbaumBenjamin P. Feldman

YIVO’s most significant resource is its donors,with whom we have cultivated relationships

over many years and whose involvement hasshaped our work. These relationships not onlyhelp support YIVO’s present activities but alsoprovide for its future. This forward thinkingensures that YIVO will be strong and vibrant forgenerations to come, ensuring that your culturalheritage will be strong and vibrant as well.

Our challenge is to align YIVO’s mission withthe needs and interests of the Jewish communitytoday, while planning for tomorrow. One criticalway to support YIVO is through planned giving,which ensures that this institution will continue.

Our relationship with you, our supporters, is a partnership. While each person’s supportstrengthens YIVO, it also enriches the donors’lives. Your support for YIVO helps maintainJewish meaning in cultural events and expressesan enduring commitment to Jewish life.

One way we can ensure a bright future is bypreserving our collections. The items found atYIVO are of utmost importance to the Jewish

community. YIVO holds our his-tory and culture. We must ensurethat it survives for our childrenand grandchildren to explore.YIVO’s mission is to maintain thespirit, unity and continuity of Eastern EuropeanJewish culture: This is our moral responsibility —to make sure our heritage is not lost.

YIVO’s mission is central to each of us, whetherwe grew up in homes that strongly identified withEastern European Jewish life, or whether we aretrying to discover our roots. It is especially impor-tant that future generations have a place wherethey can discover their roots and maintain astrong link to the past.

Building enthusiasm and awareness among ouryounger members is vital to our mission, as theyare tomorrow’s leaders. Working together we cancreate a stronger, more vibrant Jewish future. Aswe look to the next 80 years, I see a future of newchallenges and accomplishments, and I trust thatour many members and supporters will continueas our partners on this exciting journey.

Dev

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Ella Levine

$1,000 +Joseph FeldschuhFink FoundationLaura and Robert C. FlederConstance and Theo W. FolzJean and Samuel FrankelMarina and Feliks FrenkelMyrna and Bernard FruchtmanPhil GaroonDavid GerberGettry Marcus Stern & LehrerC.P.A., P.C.Edward R. Haiken

Sima and Morad GhadamianDavid GildinPerla and Isaac GilinskiBarbara G. GirardFranklin GittesMeryl and David GivnerCarl GlickMargaret and Perry GoldbergRosalie Y. GoldbergOlga and Ronald N. GoldsteinNancy and Peter GosselsEugene M. GrantMarcy and Bennett GrauJoseph GreenbergerRia and Mike GrussPaula and Jeffrey R. GuralPearl and William S. HackLucy and Richard E. HalperinPaula HanoverBenjamin R. JacobsonJerusalem BooksNancy and Nathan KacewMatthew H. KamensHarvey A. Kaplan

Morris J. and Betty KaplunFoundation, Inc.

David I. KarabellEmile KarafiolSusan and Jerome L. KatzEzra Jack Keats Foundation, Inc.Patricia and Jeffrey KennerAdele and George KleinBettina and Russell S. KnappNathan and Helen KohlerFoundation

Carolyn and Steven KotlerSarah and Victor A. KovnerLynn and Jules B. KrollMarilyn R. KudischAnnette and Leon KupfersteinLinda and Benjamin V. LambertShari LampertGloria and Eugene LandyMeyer and Leona LaskinSeymour and Barbara J. LeslieFoundation

Tamar and Gerald LevinCarol and Jerry W. LevinJoan D. LevinNathan LevinPhyllis and William L. MackMarx Myles Inc.Vladka and Benjamin MeedBella Meyer and Martin KaceJoseph Meyerhoff Family CharitableFunds

Mark MlotekJessica and William J. MusiakRuth and Edgar J. NathanJoan Nathan Gerson and Allan Gerson

New Cracow Friendship Society, Inc.New York Community TrustNew York State AssemblyHon. Jonathan Bing

Blima and Arthur NunbergNancy and Morris W. OffitOpen Society InstituteSusan and Stanley OppenheimGloria and Richard M. OrinIris and Stanford R. OvshinskyWilliam I. PetschekCharles PetschekDoris PfefferPfizer, Inc.Irene E. PipesLeah PisarAnn and Harold PlattRichard PrimusRobert PrytLewis RabinowitzHarry M. ReasonerCarol and Joseph H. ReichDavid RemnickJudith and Burton P. ResnickSandra and William L. RichterStephen RobertSandra and Frederick P. RosePhyllis and Jack RosenErica K. RosenthalAmy and Howard J. RubinsteinBinyumen SchaechterStuart SchearCarol and Michael A. SchefflerLauren and Steven SchwartzJean and Martin D. ShafiroffKlara and Larry A. Silverstein

Judy and Todd SlotkinJeffrey T. SlovinJoan and Ira H. SlovinSobel Affiliates, Inc.Marian and Abraham D. SofaerSara and Martin L. SolomonKatja B. Goldman and MichaelSonnenfeldt

Norton SpielCarol A. StahlSharon and Fred SteinLinda and Howard SterlingLynn and Sy SymsEstelle and Harold TannerAdele and Ronald S. TauberMyron and Marlene TeichmanColette N. ThawMerryl H. and James TischLynn and Glen TobiasSara and Benjamin TorchinskyGladys and Allen C. WallerTheodora and Howard WaltmanNina and Walter H. WeinerMelvin I. WeissLois and Martin J. WhitmanCynthia and Jeff WiesenfeldVictor H. WinstonDevera and Michael H. WitkinCharles B. WolfWorkmen’s Circle Branch 349Genevieve and Justin L. WynerCarol and Lawrence ZicklinArthur ZinbergEdward ZwickAnonymous

Beyond the Ordinary

Helping Donors to Planby Ella Levine, Director of Development and External Affairs


Foo

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The delicious diversity of Jewish cuisine and itsconnection to our history and culture was on

display at the Inaugural Food as Roots Dinner.One hundred and ninety people gathered at theCenter for Jewish History for the February 27thevent. Co-Chaired by Cathy W. Zises, who alsochairs the Leadership Forum, and Linda Sterling,the dinner honored veteran food critic MimiSheraton with the Lifetime Achievement Awardand Katja Goldman with the Me’dor Le’dor —From Generation to Generation — Award. Thedinner raised more than $190,000.

Since Helen Nash hosted 12 people for the firstclass in 2002, the Food as Roots series has growninto a popular annual event. It features notedchefs or commentators preparing a variety ofkosher foods in a host’s kitchen.

The Food As Roots Dinner menu featuredrecipes from the past five years of classes. In-cluded were dishes from chefs and past class participants Peter Berley, Nicole Kaplan, PaoloLattanzi, François Payard, Sima Ghadamian, JudyMarlow and Helen Nash.

One entrée com-bined recipes fromboth honorees —Goldman’s “Grand-ma’s Roast Chicken”and Sheraton’s sweetand sour red cabbage.

Presenting the Life-time AchievementAward, YIVO Na-tional Board memberLeo Melamed, a longtime friend of Shera-ton’s, recognized her

integrity and honesty during her long, distin-guished career as a food critic for publications including The New York Times, Time, Conde-NastTraveler, Vanity Fair and Food and Wine. “WhenMimi wrote a controversial review of a well-known restaurant, and The New York Times re-fused to publish it, Mimi promptly resigned,”Melamed recalled.

He also detailed Sheraton’s attempts to avoiddetection as a critic at well-known restaurants bydonning various disguises, including wigs, darkglasses and special make-up. In accepting herhonor, and the accompanying bronzed bialyforged by sculptor Patricia Udell, who also madea bronzed challah for Katja Goldman, Sheratonspoke of her connection to YIVO and the Food as

Roots program. She stressed its role in “connect-ing me to my roots, and allowing her to teach thecontinuing strength and importance of cookingtraditions as a document of living and past Jewishhistory and culture.”

Goldman’s husband, Michael Sonnenfeldt, andher friend Joan Nathan presented her with theMe’dor Le’dor Award. Nathan stressed Goldman’scommitment to family traditions and values, asco-author of The Empire Kosher Chicken Cookbook,which includes her family’s challah recipe. Shealso praised her as a supporter of numerousJewish philanthropic causes as managing trusteeof the Joyce and Irving Goldman Family Foun-dation. Accepting her award, Goldman revealedthe preliminary stages in creating a Food as RootsArchive at YIVO. It could include an unprecedent-ed number of recipes, photos, documents and arti-facts related to the history of Jewish cooking andfood preparation. She ended with a simple state-ment: “I would love to bake a challah for everyperson here tonight!”

The first Food as Roots class of 2006 took placeon January 17. Hosted by Meryll and James Tisch,it featured award-winning pastry chef FrançoisPayard, with acclaimed author and PrincetonUniversity professor Jenna Weissman Joselit, pro-viding a brief introduction to the history of EastEuropean Jewish cooking. With over 40 people inattendance, Payard prepared his Passover matzohmeal pancakes (boubalech); mushroom tart withparsnip puree and hazelnut macaroon cake withraspberries. The hit of the class was his flourless,butterless chocolate chip cookies. Meryll Tischserved a catered lunch featuring many of Payard’skosher pastry specialties. Each participant got aparting gift of a Payard bag with one of hisdesserts inside.

Delicious Diversity of Kosher CuisineDisplayed at Inaugural Food as Roots Dinner

(L-R) Mimi Sheraton, Cathy Zises, Katja Goldman and LindaSterling.

Michael Sonnenfeldt (L) and Joan Nathan (R) presentKatja Goldman with the Me’dor Le’dor Award.

Heritage LuncheonWednesday

May 10, noonat the Center

for Jewish HistoryFor more information

please call Ella Levine(212) 294-6128

Hold the Date


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Longtime YIVO National Board Member Harold Ostroff died on March 2 athis Manhattan home. Ostroff was responsible for some of the largest cooperativehousing projects in New York, including 50,000-resident Co-Op City in theBronx. YIVO National Board member Ruth Levine wrote this tribute.

When I was growing up, Harold Ostroff was just the father of one ofmy girlfriends. Well, not just the father, but the incredibly hand-

some, all-American, successful businessman yet down-to-earth guy whomI idolized and loved to encounter on the avenue of my Yiddish-speakingshtetl in the Bronx. I knew he had something to do with real estate, andwith running the Amalgamated Houses, but that’s about all I knew.

Fast forward to adulthood — mine. Turns out he didn’t just have “some-thing to do” with real estate — he was a force in the world of New York City real estate, going headto head with Robert Moses and building Co-Op City and standing at the forefront of the strugglefor affordable housing. And he was a huge figure in the Yiddish world as well. He was an activistand leader in the Arbeter-ring, the Forward Association, the Folksbiene Yiddish Theater, and atYIVO, where he served on the Board of Directors from 1984 until his recent death in March 2006.

What a thrill it was for me, then, to become a member of the Board myself in 2004, and to becomea colleague of this man I had known for so many years. It was in this setting that I came to experi-ence first hand the qualities that made him such a pillar of the community: wisdom, clarity, knowl-edge, historical perspective and an ability to respectfully listen to and actually hear opposing views.

Harold, we at YIVO will miss you, and I will miss you, but we are so grateful for the time yougave us.

Harold Ostroff

Champion of Affordable Housing

Harold Ostroff, YIVO National Board Member

Since the beginning of the year, nearly 8,000 first-timevisitors have explored YIVO’s redesigned web site.

YIVO is now truly spanning continents and generations. The high number of first-time visitors demonstrates

that YIVO is attracting public program attendees, who go to the website to find out more about our history,archives and resources, as well as upcoming events.

There are a number of new features that make it par-ticularly easy for those who do not live in the New Yorkarea to also participate in YIVO public programming.Through high-quality web streaming, lectures and panel discussion can be viewed by anyone with high-speed internet access. Recent additions to the video program archives include November’s sold-out “Jewsand Medicine” conference, and the “Jews, Genes andIntelligence” lecture in December. To view either of these, go to www.yivo.org and click on “Public Events.”

YIVO exhibitions are also available for viewing in an easy-to-navigate digital version. To view the galle-ries, including the one for “Fighting for a Healthy New Generation (related article is on page 9),” go towww.yivo.org/library and click on “Digital Exhibitions.”For a sneak peek at The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews inEastern Europe (to be published in 2008), web surfers can choose from among 33 sample articles, on subjects

ranging from Hasidism to folk songs to sports. The ex-cerpts are at www.yivo.org/publications, subhead “TheYIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe.”

Elise Fischer, YIVO Press Officer, noted, ”YIVO’s grow-ing web presence highlights our evolving role in contem-porary debates about Jewish identity. Thanks to the hardwork of our web site coordinator, David Ben-Arie, theredesign is moving forward rapidly.”

In the coming weeks, the streamlined “Support YIVO”section will be launched, facilitating online donations. YIVO is also planning to send out the first of its newmonthly e-mail newsletters. To subscribe on the web,please enter your e-mail in the newsletter sign-up spaceat the bottom right-hand corner of the home page. Ques-tions or comments on the re-designed web site should besent to David Ben-Arie at [email protected].

High Number of First-Time HitsWebsite is Key to New Generation of YIVO Members

YIVO’s redesigned web site at www.yivo.org.

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ews The Lithuanian Jewish

Community hosted threedays of events to mark the 80thanniversary of YIVO’s founding.The September events includedan address by YIVO ExecutiveDirector Dr. Carl J. Rheins out-side the home of YIVO founder,Max Weinreich at BananaviciauStreet No. 6. Standing in front of a new plaque marking theYIVO’s first home, Rheinsextolled Weinreich's intellectualbreadth: “Not only a Yiddishlinguist, he also contributed tosociological and humanitarianresearch, and studied sociologyand child psychology.”

In the YIVO tradition of edu-cation and culture, Rheins alsospoke to the upper grades at theShalom Aleichem Day school,and attended an exhibition of 34 YIVO documents and photosfrom the Lithuanian CentralState Archives. He also deliv-ered a major address at theJewish Community Center,

which was attended by mem-bers of the Diplomatic Corps.

Fira Bramson-Alperniene,head of the Judaica Depart-ment at the M. MazvydasNational Library, recountedYIVO's activities in Vilniusfrom 1925 until its move toNew York at the beginning of World War II.

“The place that was chosenfor the YIVO Institute was notthe wealthy Jewish communityof Berlin,” she noted, “but Vil-nius, Jerusalem of Lithuania,rich in Jewish traditions, schoolsand Yiddish. The Institute wasto be scientific, academic andnon-partisan, operating in thedaily Yiddish language."

Historian Dr. Israel Lempertasrecounted Max Weinreich's role in YIVO’s founding. “Heunderstood the significance of Vilnius for world Jewry,”Lempertas observed.

At the start of the 1930s, theJewish population of Vilnius

was 55,000, nearly one-third ofthe city’s total. The Jews werepressed into two ghettos duringthe war, and most were massa-cred in the Ponary forest outsideof town on September 23, 1943.

Just as Jerusalem is a deeplyhistorical city that weaves reli-gion, scholarship, and Jewishculture, the “Jerusalem of Lithu-ania” was a once home to athriving Jewish culture, secularand religious. Birthplace to theVilna Gaon, Abraham Cahan of the Forverts, author ChaimGrade, and violinist JaschaHeifetz, it bustled with 100 synagogues and shtiblekh and 16 Jewish newspapers.

Today about 3,000 Jews remainin Vilnius and only a single shulis in use, the Moorish-styleChoral Synagogue, which hadbeen used by the Nazis as amedical supply depot. But withevents like the YIVO celebration,the Vilnius community is tryingto rekindle a Jewish spirit.

At the conclusion of Rheins’svisit, the president of the JewishCommuity of Lithuania, Dr.Simon Alperavicius, presentedthe YIVO Executive Directorwth a declaration that quotedMax Weinreich, stating, "It is noexaggeration: the fate of worldJewry depends on how muchJews in Jerusalem and Moscow,in Buenos Aires and especiallyin New York absorb the spirit of‘Jerusalem of Lithuania,’ Vilna.”

New Plaque Honors Weinreich Home

Lithuanian Jewish Community Marks YIVO’s 80th

Executive Director Dr. Carl J. Rheins,accompanied by Professor IsraelLempertas, Vilnius University, addressingYIVO supporters in Vilnius.

On December 7, IWO Buenos Aires, Argentina, signed an agree-ment of aid and cooperation with the National Library of the

Congress of Argentina. It establishes a framework of cooperation for the preservation of documentary materials on the history of Jews in Argentina. The focus will be Jewish colonization in theprovinces in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, including theintriguing story of the Argentinean Jewish cowboys, immortalizedby Alberto Gerchunoff’ in his book The Jewish Gauchos of the Pampas.

IWO Buenos Aires was formed over 60 years ago to document thehistory of Jewish immigration to Argentina, from its start in 1714through the present. Its holdings include over 60,000 books, 1,500

boxes of files and photos, and 400 separatedocumentary collections. IWO also offershundreds of free programs annually to stu-dents, educators, journalists and documen-tary makers. Previously, IWO has beenhoused in the AMIA Communidad Judia(Argentine-Israeli Mutual Association andJewish Community Center) building untilJuly 18, 1994, when a terrorist bombdestroyed much of the building, killing 85people and wounding 300. The bombingalso destroyed

IWO Buenos Aires Signs Historic Agreementwith Argentinean Library of Congress

Russian Jewishcolonists inMoisesville,Argentina,July 28, 1906.



Exh

ibit

Pioneers of Modern Community HealthcareYIVO Exhibit Explores Work of Pre-World War II Jewish Relief Societies

From a 1930 sepia photographof toddlers learning to brush

their teeth, to smiling boys andgirls in hammocks at summercamp, to the 1940 Latvian calen-dar cover of a mother and child(issued on the eve of the Sovietoccupation), the topic of Jewishpublic health in pre–World WarII Europe is explored in “TheSociety for the Protection ofJewish Health: Fighting for aHealthy New Generation,” time-ly exhibit by the YIVO Institutefor Jewish Research. On displaythrough May 2006 at the Centerfor Jewish History, the exhibi-tion opening coincided withYIVO’s historic one-day sympo-sium, “Jews and Medicine — In the Footsteps of Maimonides:The Jewish Doctor as Healer,Scientist and Intellectual.”

Using photographs, documents,posters, books and various arti-facts from the YIVO Archivesand Library, curator KrysiaFisher illustrates the criticalwork of the Jewish relief organi-zations devoted to child careand protection, as well as med-ical and social aid in Central,

Eastern and Western Europefrom 1912 through 1942. TheJewish society OZE (The Societyfor the Protection of JewishHealth), which became the OSE(Society for the Aid of Children),and the Polish Jewish children’srelief group, TOZ (The Societyfor the Safeguarding of Health),helped improve the standard ofliving for these Jewish popula-tions, greatly reducing thespread of infectious diseases,improving hygiene and lower-ing the high mortality rate.

“Fighting for a Healthy NewGeneration” traces the arduoushistory of the OZE/OSE/TOZwork in areas ravaged in the af-termath of World War I, theRussian Revolution and po-groms in the Ukraine. Numer-ous deportees, refugees andorphaned children left in theirwake required special reliefmeasures. In promoting childwelfare, OSE, for example, es-tablished 34 branches in TsaristRussia, 12 hospitals, 125 nurs-eries, 13 summer camps and 40 child feeding centers, as wellas facilities to protect younglives against venereal diseases,scarlet fever, tuberculosis andtrachoma.

Like TOZ, which was respon-sible for over 400 medical andhealth institutions in 72 locali-ties, OSE became a global Jewishorganization before World WarII. Most of their impressive glob-al measures were sharply cur-tailed or destroyed by the Nazioccupation of Eastern Europe.The pioneering work of thesetwo societies is analogous tomodern-day outreach and advo-cacy on an array of public healthissues, including disease pre-vention and treatment (cancer,AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis, mal-nourishment), as well as thefight for expanded nutritionresources and social services.

Fisher notes in the 30-pagecolor exhibition catalog that inPoland, TOZ published threeperiodicals, including a scientif-ic journal, a magazine for Jewishyouth, and another, Folksgezunt,directed toward the Jewishmasses and edited by Dr.Cemach Szabad, a cofounder of YIVO in Vilna. An online gallery of images from this exhi-bition is available through theYIVO web site at www.yivo.org,

“We are gratified that thisimportant exhibition will reachan even broader audience nextyear when it travels to France atthe invitation of the new Muse-um of Contemporary JewishHistory in Paris,” said Dr. Carl J.Rheins, YIVO Executive Direc-tor. “The exhibition will later goto the Jewish Historical Institutein Warsaw, Poland.”

“Fighting for a Healthy NewGeneration” is on view in theYIVO third-floor exhibitiongallery in the Center for JewishHistory (15 West 16th St., NewYork City). Hours: Monday toThursday, 9 a.m. - 5:30 p.m.;Friday, 9 a.m. - 2 p.m.; Sunday,11 a.m. - 5 p.m. Free admission.

The $15 catalog is available in the Center bookstore (917) 606-8220.

Treatment room at the JewishHospital inGrodno, Poland,1926.

“Fight the flies, they spread disease;maintain a clean home; cover yourfood.” OSE poster, Berlin, 1927.

The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jewsin Eastern Europe has re-

ceived a gift from the AlvinSegal Family Foundation of100,000 Canadian dollars, to bepaid over three years. Alvin andLeanor Segal are pillars of theMontreal Jewish communityand their generosity to a varietyof institutions and organizationsin both Montreal and Israel iswell known. What’s more, theeditor of the YIVO Encyclopedia,Gershon Hundert, holds theLeanor Segal Chair in JewishStudies at McGill University.

The Segals’ support for theYIVO Encyclopedia has beenexpressed not only in the formof their gift. They also recentlyhosted a soiree in at their NewYork City apartment for a groupof people interested in the project.

Hundert has compared LeanorSegal to Doña Gracia Mendes,the great patron of Jewish schol-arship in the 16th century. Hesaid, “the Segals’ gift is a heart-ening and much needed gesture

of support for the YIVO Ency-clopedia; it constitutes a tangibleexpression of recognition of theimportance of this unprecedent-ed scholarly project.”

As the Encyclopedia projectenters its final year of editorialproduction prior to submissionof the complete manuscript toYale University Press for publi-cation, work continues apace.More than 90 percent of the1,825 articles have been submit-ted by their contributors, andtwo-thirds of the articles havebeen approved and copyedited.

Fundraising efforts continue as well, with the project havingpassed the $2 million mark in total funds raised, and sev-eral major grant applications

pending. This year’s efforts willfocus on major donations fromindividuals and family founda-tions like the gift received fromthe Segals.

Among the other causes theSegals support are the JewishGeneral Hospital and the JewishPublic Library in Montreal, andthe Hartman Institute inJerusalem. Leanor recentlyserved as general chair of theCombined Jewish Appeal annu-al campaign in Montreal. TheSaidye Bronfman Centre inMontreal is home to the Alvinand Leanor Segal Theatre,which features two Yiddish- andthree English-language produc-tions each season.


YIV

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iaFundraising Reaches $2 million Mark

YIVO Encyclopedia Receives Large Canadian Gift

YIVO Encyclopedia Video Wins Aurora Gold Prize

A DVD created to provide descriptive infor-mation about The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews inEastern Europe was the recipient of the GoldPrize at the 2005 Aurora Awards, an interna-tional competition honoring excellence in thefilm and video industries. Produced by LunarProductions of Memphis, Tennessee, and nar-rated by Eli Wallach, the DVD has been distrib-uted to potential grantmakers and privatedonors as part of the fundraising efforts beingmade on the YIVO Encyclopedia’s behalf. Thecreation of this video was encouraged bySteven Rosenberg, who also provided partialfinancial support through the Murray & SydellRosenberg Foundation; we thank him for hisgenerosity.

The 10-minute film is on YIVO’s Web site atyivoinstitute.org/publications. It may be viewedusing Windows Media Player.

Collection is commemorated by a rotating exhibit displayinga select group of YIVO’s raresheet music and recordings. TheSidney Krum Yiddish Music andTheatre Collection Gallery islocated adjacent to the ReadingRoom of the Center for JewishHistory.

Krum also made a secondcharitable contribution to YIVO,to provide a forum for theYiddish music he so cherished.Therefore, YIVO is proud toannounce the establishment ofits Sidney Krum AnnualConcert. This event will surelybe anticipated each year byYIVO members and supporters

and will prove to be a uniqueand meaningful way in whichJewish culture can be celebrated.

Together, the Sidney KrumYiddish Music and TheatreCollection and the Sidney KrumAnnual Concert, are living proofof the power of one person’slegacy. It is in the spirit of fundor tsu dor that YIVO honorsSidney Krum and his wish toensure that our music will neverbe silenced from generation togeneration.

Readers can help ensureYIVO’s future through bequests.Please contact Lorri M. Greif,CFRE, YIVO Planned Giving Of-ficer, at (212) 294-8301, ext. 6108.

Krum Estate [continued from page 1]

Memorial plaque and items from the Sidney Krum Yiddish Music and TheatreCollection Gallery on exhibit at YIVO.

It began in 1976 as a YIVO exhi-bition at the Jewish Museum in

Manhattan. “Image Before MyEyes,” assembled by the late Lucjan Dobroszycki andProfessor Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett in 1980, told a vividstory of Jewish life in Polandprior to the Holocaust. It waslater turned into a film and isnow being reissued as a DVD.“Image Before My Eyes: A His-tory of Jewish Life in PolandBefore the Holocaust” comeswith an illustrated classroomstudy guide.

“We are going back before theHolocaust, to the life, the civi-lization of these Jews of Poland,”the study guide states. “To shownot their destruction, but ratherthe complex society of 3.5 mil-lion people with a 900-year his-tory: a society unified by rich tra-ditions, and divided by geogra-phy, by social class, by compet-ing hopes, different dreams.”

“Image Before My Eyes” tellsthe complex story of Jewish lifein small villages and major cities,in religious families and secularones. They illustrate importantsocial, political and educationaltrends of what was once thelargest center of Jewish culture.From the traditional shtetls ofthe countryside to the freewheel-ing cultural revolution in thecities led by freethinkers, award-

winning director Josh Waletzky(“Partisans of Vilna”) masterfullymemorializes a proud culturethat still inspires hope and rever-ence. Interviews with people asvaried as a former mayor ofScarsdale, New York, describinghis youthful Polish patriotismand a Brooklyn housewife whotouchingly sings the Yiddishsongs of teachers, tradesmen andbeggars she learned as a child inWarsaw are particularly moving.

Special features of the DVDedition include commentarywith Director Josh Waletsky,filmmaker biography, interactivemenus and scene selections.“Image Before My Eyes” (color,88 minutes), released April 25,2006, distributed by New VideoGroup for $26.95. The WorldPremiere of the DVD be atYIVO/CJH on Wednesday, May3, 2006, at 7 P.M. For tickets callthe CJH Box Office. Tel. (917)606-8220.

hshgu, pui hHuu† 102 prhkhbd 6002

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History of Jewish Life in Poland Before the Holocaust“Image Before My Eyes” Reissued in DVD Format

it did not think that their lives were importantenough to record for posterity. He received manyletters with the comment, “I'd like to write myautobiography, but I don't know how, and Ihaven't done anything of significance.”

Weinreich responded by assuring each of hiscorrespondents that their lives were deeply im-portant. He explained that every detail of theirlives was so significant that future historianswould not only read their stories, but would alsostudy them to understand both the epic strugglesof a generation and the texture of daily life.

“Reading Max Weinreich's words about histori-ans of the future 50 years later, as I studied theautobiographies very closely, was a profoundexperience,” explains Cohen. “If Max Weinreichand YIVO hadn't reached for these . . . wonderfulstorytellers, put tremendous time and energy into listening to them, and taught them how to write down their lives, cajoling and even coercing them into doing it, we wouldn’t have this treasure.” Cohen has set up a web site,www.myfutureisinamerica.net with additionalinformation on the book and snapshots of thewriters.

This work — My Future in America — was

funded by generous grants from the NationalFoundation for Jewish Culture and the LittauerFoundation

* * *My Future Is in America: Autobiographies of

Eastern European Jewish Immigrants, (New YorkUniversity Press in conjunction with YIVO, March2006), cloth, 368 pages, $39.

My Future Is in America [continued from page 1)

YIVO publicationsand DVDs areavailable at theCenter for JewishHistory Bookstore, (917-606-8220 and at the JewishBook Center of theWorkmen’s Circle,(212) 889-6800, ext. 285, or (800) 922-2558, ext. 285.

Jacket image of the book, areproduction of the JerseyHomesteads Mural (1937-1938)by Ben Shahn.


Max

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rOn February 26 and 27, a conference was held

at New York University, entitled “Yiddish/Jewish Cultures: Literature, History, Thought inEastern European Diasporas.” It was cosponsoredby YIVO and N.Y.U., following the successfultransfer of the Uriel Weinreich Summer Programfrom Columbia University to N.Y.U., starting withthe 2005 session.

The conference was organized by three grad-uate students in the Skirball Department ofHebrew and Judaic Studies: Shiri Goren, HannahPressman and Lara Rabinovitch. All three hadattended the Summer Program in 2005. Pressmanwas in the advanced class, Goren and Rabinovitchtook the intermediate class. Closely working withthem was Gennady Estraikh, Visiting Professor ofYiddish at N.Y.U. and a lecturer in the SummerProgram.

The conference included ten sessions and over30 papers. The highlights were the keynoteaddress by Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett,Professor of Folklore at N.Y.U., and the round-table discussion, “What does the field of YiddishStudies mean in the 21st century?” Participantsincluded Hasia Diner, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett and Gennady Estraikh of N.Y.U.; JeremyDauber of Columbia University; David Roskies ofthe Jewish Theological Seminary; Jeffrey Shandlerof Rutgers University; and Kathryn Hellerstein ofthe University of Pennsylvania.

The real stars of the conference, however, werethe students, mostly doctoral candidates, whopresented their research. Topics included analysesof a dozen aspects of Yiddish literature, a paperon Yiddish chemistry textbooks and linguisticresearch on Yiddish and English spoken byHasidic women.

Last year’s program had 53 students from,among other places, Jamaica, Belarus, RussiaIsrael and the United States.

“YIVO is proud of the organizers of and partici-pants in the conference, who promise a brightfuture for the field of Yiddish,” said Paul (Hershl)Glasser, Associate Dean of YIVO’s Max WeinreichCenter. “The summer program is noteworthy notonly for the studies, but also for the chance tomeet colleagues from all over the world.”

Yiddish/Jewish ConferenceHeld by Summer Program Grads at N.Y.U.

Summer student 2005 - left to right: Simkhe Moskowitz,Hershl Grant, Olga Zaitseva.

Summer Program 2006

The Uriel Weinreich Program in YiddishLanguage, Literature and Culture is scheduled

to begin on Monday, June 26 and run until Friday,August 4. This is the 39th year of the program andthe second to take place in cooperation with NewYork University.

This year’s full-time faculty includes BrukheLang Caplan of Harvard University, EugeneOrenstein and Anna Gonshor of McGill Univer-sity, Vera Szabo of the University of Michigan andSheva Zucker formerly of Duke University. As inthe past, there will be five three-hour languageclasses on three levels, five parallel conversationclasses, about a dozen afternoon lectures, as wellas music, dance, and theater workshops, films and field trips. The successful and popular “Re-searching in Yiddish” class will be reprised; thisyear’s installment will be devoted to learning to read Yiddish manuscripts, an essential but difficult-to-acquire skill for many of today’sYiddishists. Students will be able to visit YIVOin their free time to become acquainted with ourcollections and to pursue their research.

For information on the Summer Programplease call (212) 294-6138 or (212) 998-8981

or e-mail [email protected].

Elementary students in a skit at SummerProgram gradu-ation 2005.

hshgu, pui hHuu† 102 prhkhbd 6002

Dina Abramowicz Dr. Justin Cammy Assistant Professor of Jewish Studies and Comparative Literature Emerging Scholar Smith College

“When Yiddish Was Young: Vilna’s Last Generation and the Fate of Jewish Culture in Eastern Europe”

Professor Bernard Dr. Jeffrey Grossman Associate Professor, Department of Germanic Languages Choseed Memorial University of Virginia

“The Rewriting of Heinrich Heine: Culture, Poetics, Ideology”

Rose and Isidore Deborah Skolnick Einhorn Doctoral Candidate, Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Drench Memorial Brandeis University

“American Jewish Women’s Philanthropy during World War I”

Vladimir and Pearl Joshua Walden Ph.D. student, Historical Musicology Heifetz Memorial Columbia University

“Iconography of the Violin in Jewish Culture”

Aleksander and Dr. Renata Piàtkowska Museum CuratorAlicja Hertz Memorial Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, Poland

“Jewish Artistic Life in Warsaw, 1911-1939”

Vivian Lefsky Itay Zutra Doctoral Candidate, Jewish Literature Hort Memorial Jewish Theological Seminary

“Theory and Practice in the Poetics of Inzikh (1920-1940)”

Joseph Kremen Zehavit Stern Doctoral Candidate, Joint Doctoral Program in Jewish Studies Memorial University of California-Berkeley and Graduate Theological Union

“Yiddish Film 1910-1949: Jewish Popular Culture in Transition”

Workmen's Circle/ Dr. Nathaniel Deutsch Associate Professor, Department of Religion Dr. Emanuel Patt Swarthmore CollegeVisiting Professorship “The People’s Torah: Ansky and the Invention of Jewish Ethnography”

Natalie and Mendel Dr. Victoria Khiterer Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of History Racolin Memorial University of Central Arkansas

Doctoral Candidate, Near Eastern and Judaic StudiesBrandeis University“The History of Jews in Kiev”

Maria Salit-Gitelson Ben-Tsiyon Klibansky Doctoral Candidate, Department of Jewish History Tell Memorial Tel Aviv University

“Lithuanian Yeshivot in Eastern Europe Between the Two World Wars”

Dora and Mayer Katherine Sorrels Doctoral Candidate, Department of History Tendler Fellowship University of Pittsburgh

“Jewish intellectuals from the Hapsburg Empire”

Samuel and Flora Weiss Anna Cichopek Doctoral Candidate, History and Judaic StudiesResearch Fellowship University of Michigan

“Jews, Poles, Slovaks: A Story of an Encounter, 1944-1948“

RECIPIENTS OF YIVO FACULTY AND GRADUATE STUDENT FELLOWSHIPS, 2006–2007

The Max Weinreich Center offers research fellowships, primarily for doctoral candidates and recent Ph.D.s, in the field of East European Jewish studies. Applications are accepted beginning inSeptember until December 31; awards are announced in February. Current fellowship holders are:

AWARD RECIPIENT AFFILIATION/TOPIC

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To grasp his academic interests, Itracked down his book Khumesh-taytsh:an oysforshung vegn der traditsye fun taytshn khumesh in di khadorim (NewYork, 1943) and a dozen articles in

Yiddish published in the YIVO publica-tions YIVO-bleter and Yidishe shprakh. For insight into his character, I relied on Jonathan Boyarin's book AStoryteller's Worlds: The Education of Shlomo Noble inEurope and America (New York, 1994).

His book Khumesh-taytsh was based on his dissertation,which brought together his interests in language, tradi-tional Jewish learning and Jewish folkways. Noble had akeen ear for the nuances of the folk and its speech. Hewrote about the history of Yiddish literature, the influ-ence of Ashkenazim on early Zionism, the prehistory ofYiddishism and the influence of Yiddish on Hebrew. Heworked as assistant to the editor of YIVO-bleter from1945-1955, was on the editorial board 1955-1980, and was theeditor-in-chief for one issue. Likewise, Noble was editor-in-chief of Yidishe shprakh for one issue after Yudel Markstepped down; when Mordkhe Schaechter was namedthe editor, Noble “withdrew” to the editorial board,where he remained at least until 1977. Which gives theimpression of extreme modesty: twice he was editor-in-chief just long enough, until someone more forward tookover. Chava Lapin, in a personal communication, con-firms my impression: she said that Noble seeminglyknew everything — Talmud, classics, modern languages,

history — but was quiet and neversought the spotlight.

I suspect that others in the field wouldhave had only a passing acquaintancewith American life surrounding them;Noble appears to have been far more ori-ented to America, perhaps because he came here at anearly age, perhaps because he was more inclined to be;perhaps because unlike many immigrants, Noble lived all over the United States, not just in New York. Forexample, his father got a job in Beaver Falls, Pennsyl-vania, so Noble lived there for a year. After that, he studied at the Yitskhok Elkhonen Yeshiva in New York,then a year at Johns Hopkins, then the University ofMinnesota, N.Y.U.’s Washington Square campus in NewYork, Scranton University in Wilkes-Barre, the Universityof Frankfurt (Germany) and finally Ohio State.

Boyarin relates a number of illustrative stories: whileNoble was at Yitskhok Elkhonen, he objected to signs inEnglish saying “Evening Prayers” instead of zman tefilasminkhe. He eventually went to the head of the yeshiva,Bernard Revel, to complain. Revel told him that this washow things were done in America. In that case, Nobleanswered, why not write “Vespers”? To Noble's way ofthinking, “evening prayers” was no less unJewish than“vespers.” And then he had a second run-in with Revel,who saw Noble reading Sholem Aleichem and advisedhim that he would be better off reading Dickens, through

On November 5-7, 2005,“Looking Backward,

Looking Forward: A ConferenceCommemorating the Centenaryof the Birth of Dr. ShlomoNoble” was held under the jointsponsorship of the Ohio StateUniversity and YIVO. Dr. Noble,who earned his doctorate atOhio State in 1941, was associ-ated with YIVO from 1944 untilhis death in 1986. He was a re-spected scholar who publishedone book, as well as more than a dozen articles in YIVO-bleterand Yidishe shprakh, served onthe editorial boards of said pub-lications, was active at YIVOconferences and was widelyknown for his erudition in bothJewish and secular subjects. He

was the English-language trans-lator of Max Weinreich’s Historyof the Yiddish Language, pub-lished by the University ofChicago, 1980. A new edition,edited by Dr. Paul Glasser,Associate Dean of the MaxWeinreich Center, will be pub-lished later this year by YaleUniversity Press in cooperationwith YIVO.

About 25 papers were deliv-ered at the conference by lin-guists, literary scholars, histori-ans, folklorists and junior andsenior scholars. The topicsranged from Germanic compar-ative linguistics to Yiddishgrammar, dialects and literature,to personalities in East Euro-pean Jewish history.

Papers of interest to our read-ers include:• Robert D. King (University of

Texas): “Uriel Weinreich: AnAcademic Life in Retrospect”

• Ulrike Kiefer and RobertNeumann (Förderverein fürJiddische Sprache und Kulture.v., Düsseldorf): “Tracing thePast Towards New Perspec-tives: Harvesting Uriel Wein-reich’s Atlas Collection”

• Justin Cammy (Smith College):“Max Weinreich on the Radi-cal Jewish Street: The Rise andFall of Non-Partisan YiddishScouting in Interwar Vilna”

• Kalman Weiser (YorkUniversity): “Is There a YIVOYiddish?”

Shlomo Noble: Scholar and Teacher

Conference Commemorates Key YIVO Scholar

Excerpts from “Shlomo Noble: Scholar and Teacher”a talk delivered by Dr. Glasser at the conference.

Shlomo Noble Dr. Paul Glasser


The YIVO Library, working closely with theGrace & Scott Offen Charitable Fund, contin-

ues to fill collection gaps and enhance holdings ofrare and important books, periodicals and otherpublications. Aided by the knowledge of the foun-dation’s director, Scott Offen, a member of theYIVO Board of Overseers, the library is discover-ing and acquiring many important editions thatwere previously not available at YIVO. Offenworks closely with the library staff, sending themcatalogs of out-of-print books or approving theirsuggestions. Following are some areas on whichYIVO and the Offen Fund have concentrated:

• Hungarian, Czechand Romanian Judaica

The YIVO collections still have significant gapsin these materials. Acquisitions for this year arehelping to rectify the problem. Among the mostimportant are the five-volume Directory of JewishFamilies in Bohemia from the Year 1793 and a rareHungarian-Jewish periodical Zsidó Évkönyv for1926-1931.

• From IsraelWe were able to obtain unique Jewish genealogybooks about the histories of families of EastEuropean origin. These books usually appear in limited editions and are very hard to find.The YIVO Library is certainly their best home.

• Soviet Yiddish PublicationsReflecting the short-lived flowering of Yiddishculture in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and

1930s, these publications are still a little-knownpage in modern Jewish bibliography. Evenwhen listed in the bibliographical referencebooks, they are usually out of reach to scholars,since specialized libraries of the former SovietUnion continue to severely restrict access. Sovietpublications are quite well represented in theYIVO Library; now, through this collaboration,we have enriched our collections with rareYiddish translations of the works ofMaupassant, Chekhov and Gorky, and withpolitical pamphlets published in Moscow,Kharkov and Kiev.

• Catalogs, Bibliographies andRabbinical LiteratureOffen’s support allowed us to purchase expen-sive reference books, including the Catalogue of Hebrew Incunabula from theCollection of the Library of the JTS, and the important two-volume reference publicationHebrew Printing in America,1735-1926: A History andAnnotated Bibliography. Thefund also buys rabbinical litera-ture at auctions, which it thendonates to the YIVO Library

• Periodicals onMicroformsThe library this year purchasedthe complete run of Varhayt, aNew York Yiddish newspaper,as well as Keneset ha-gedola,published in Warsaw.

• Yiddish BroadsidesAmong the most interesting is a collection of 34unique broadsides of Yiddish songs, publishedin the beginning of the 20th century in London.Broadsides (or flugbletlekh) were the most popu-lar form of disseminating Yiddish songs beforesound recording. Broadsides including lyricsalone cost one penny, and those with musicnotations cost sixpence. Professor LeonardPrager has listed all known broadsides in hisbook Yiddish Culture in Britain; many YIVObroadsides are not mentioned in his catalog.

Chana Mlotek, YIVO Music Archivist and expertin Yiddish music, has confirmed that she did notknow most of these songs. The Library plans toconserve and preserve these rare broadsides andeventually publish them on the YIVO website.


Lib

rary

Library Collections Enhanced

Grace & Scott Offen Charitable Fund Fills Gaps in YIVO Collections

Yiddish trans-lation of Guy deMaupassant'sstory Two Friendsfrom the Libraryfor the Massesseries (Moscow,1937).

which he would learn English language andculture and presumably adapt to life inAmerica. Noble, of course, felt the opposite: hewas at the yeshiva to learn how to be a Jew, notan American, so Sholem Aleichem was the bet-ter choice; and he told Revel that he wouldnever learn English at the yeshiva anyway. This was part of the search for balance be-tween Judaism and "Americanism" that we all experience.

To sum up, so much information has come tolight about a man I knew very little about onlya month or two ago. And it is clear that he rich-ly deserves the honor that we are giving himhere today.

Shlomo Noble [continued from page 14]

The YIVO Library is renownedfor its rich holdings of Yid-

dish books and the literary heritage of East European andYiddish-speaking Jewry. Amongthe most unusual items pre-served in the YIVO Library, and one recently rediscoveredamong the library’s 360,000printed books, is not only osten-sibly unrelated to YIVO’s fieldof endeavor, but also is not evena printed book. It is a boundmanuscript in the ancient Sa-maritan script, similar to thepaleo-Hebrew script used in afew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Themanuscript was acquired byAlexander Weinreich, elderbrother of Max Weinreich, dur-ing a visit to Palestine in 1927,and donated to YIVO in NewYork in 1945. It was held amongYIVO’s printed collections (callmark 11/26673), perhaps underthe false assumption that it was a printed lithograph, whichit is not, or perhaps because it is bound like a pamphlet or abook.

As it turns out, this little man-uscript — a small quarto of only8 leaves — is of more biblio-graphic significance than mightbe expected, even if it is notancient. The text is one com-

monly copiedby Samaritanscribes in the19th and 20thcenturies, theverses ofGenesis chap-ter 1:1 to chap-ter 2:7. Thefirst leaf dis-plays theSamaritan al-phabet with itssquareHebrew-letterequivalents,apparentlyadded for the

sake of the continual clientele offoreign Jews and ChristianHebraists who regularly visitedthe tiny Samaritan communityin Nablus, Palestine, and oftensought to purchase “Samaritanmanuscripts.” The colophonreveals these leaves to be in thehand of the Samaritan priestJacob ben ‘Uzzi of Shekhem(Nablus). Jacob ben ‘Uzzi Shafik(1900-1987) was one of the lastSamaritan high priests of the20th century and the author of works about his community’shistory and their Arabic litera-ture.

Four manuscripts of whichJacob ben ‘Uzzi was both scribeand author are preserved in theBen-Zvi Institute in Jerusalem,but until now there was onlyone recorded manuscript not of his own authorship that Jacobcopied as a scribe, the latter alsoheld in the Ben-Zvi Institute.Thanks to Prof. A. D. Crown,the world expert in Samaritancodicology, YIVO’s previouslyunidentified and unrecordedmanuscript has now been recog-nized as being in the late highpriest’s hand. Moreover, YIVOhas now been added to theselect roster of research librariesaround the world that hold orig-inal manuscripts written bySamaritan scribes in Palestine.

This Samaritan manuscriptheld among thousands of Yid-dish books in the YIVO Libraryis not the only association ofYiddish culture with Samaritanstudies. A number of Yiddishauthors have written about theSamaritans, and a few scholarsin North America and EasternEurope have published signi-ficant works in Yiddish in thefield of Samaritan studies. Most important of these are the Belorussian-born NoyekhMishkovski (Mishkowsky), adistant relation of Mendele

Moykher-Sforim, and the Sovietscholar Leyb Vilsker, who published seminal studies inboth Yiddish and Russian onSamaritan manuscripts and language. Vilsker’s writings are well known in the field of Samaritan studies, butMishkovski’s are not.

Born in Kapulye (Kopyl) andraised in Mir, Mishkovski (1878-1950) was an inveterate traveler,and especially interested inexotic Jewish communities.Having spent time in Japan,China, Korea, Palestine andEgypt, he later published astudy of the Falashas and of the Jews in China and Yemen.His substantial ethnographicvolume, entitled Etiopye: Idn inAfrike un Azye (Chicago, 1936), is unique of its kind in Yiddish.Mishkovski apparently alsowrote lengthy studies on theJews of India and on the Sa-maritans, studies to which herefers explicitly in his first bookand which may have remainedin manuscript. In the secondvolume of his autobiographycum travel memoir, Mayn lebn un mayne rayzes (Mexico, 1947),Mishkovski includes a whole


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Written by Samaritan High Priest in Palestine

Samaritan Manuscript in the YIVO Library

Verses of Genesis in the Samaritanrecension, in the hand of Jacob b. ‘Uzzi,Nablus, circa 1925.

Title page of N.Mishkowsky,Etiopye: Idn inAfrike un Azye(Chicago: M.Ceshinsky, 1936).

chapter on the Samaritans, inwhom he obviously took a par-ticular interest.

Better known in Samaritanstudies are the writings of theSoviet academic Leyb (Lev)Vilsker (1919-1988), a native of Polish Galicia, who later studied Semitics and Hebrew at the University of Leningrad,and directed the SemiticsDepartment of the Saltykov-Shchedrin Library. Vilsker’s dissertation on the Samaritanlanguage was published in bothRussian and French, and he wasrecognized internationally forhis scholarship in this field. A translator from Yiddish intoRussian, he also wrote a num-ber of Hebraic studies for theMoscow Yiddish journal SovetishHeymland, among them “A Sa-maritan Translation of Saadiah’sBakashah” and “UnknownSamaritan Inscriptions in theLeningrad Public Library.”

For centuries the Samaritanshave been a subject of fascina-tion for travelers to Palestine,and the historic Hebrew andYiddish travel guides to theHoly Land include accounts ofthis ancient community. In thepast century, particularly afterWorld War I, a genre developedof Yiddish travelogues of visitsto Palestine and Israel, in someof which are included, interalia, descriptions of the Sa-maritan community. Asidefrom these journalistic reports,two of the most important fig-ures in the history of Zionism,David Ben-Gurion and ItzhakBen-Zvi, provided sketches of the Samaritans for theYiddish-speaking world. Ben-Gurion’s massive Yiddishvolume, Erets-Yisroel in fargangenheyt un gegenvart(New York, 1918), preparedtogether with Ben-Zvi,includes a short chapter onShekhem, the main center ofthe Samaritans. Ben-Zvi

includes a full chapter on the Samaritans in his famoussurvey of the Jewish diasporacommunities, Nidkhey Yisroel[The Exiled and the Redeemed],which appeared in Yiddishtranslation in New York in 1962.Ben-Zvi’s lengthier Hebrewmonograph on the Samaritans is one of the best-known booksin the field of Samaritan studies.What is less well known, ofcourse, is that Ben-Gurion andBen-Zvi, founding fathers of the State of Israel, both wrote inYiddish, and that their writingswere widely read in Yiddish.

Perhaps the most recent treat-ment of the Samaritans in Yid-dish is an essay by the contem-porary New York journalistMordechai Bauman, a native of Zyrardów near Warsaw. Thecollection of his literary andpublicistic writings, Umkum unoyfkum [From Darkness to Light](New York, 1994), includes anarticle on the Paschal sacrifice ofthe Samaritans, describing theceremony that he witnessed per-sonally on Mount Gerizim.Ironically, at one time most ofthe Ashkenazic Jewish visitorswho went to observe this cere-mony were native speakers ofYiddish; today this is no longerthe case. It is even harder toimagine, now, that at one time

some of the greatest scholarsand bibliographers of Samaritanstudies, such as MoritzSteinschneider, Adolf Neubauerand Moses Gaster, were alsoscholars of Yiddish, and madecontributions to both fields.

The YIVO Institute, of whoseboard Gaster was an honorarymember, has a long history ofinterest in non-AshkenazicJewish cultures, beyond theYiddish-speaking sphere, and a number of scholars associatedwith YIVO, such as Max Wein-reich and Zosa Szajkowski,made seminal contributions tothe linguistic and literary histo-ry of non-Ashkenazic Jewry. TheYIVO Library holds examples ofprinting in a number of Jewishlanguages, including Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian, Judeo-Italian and especially Judezmo.(The Milwitzky collection ofJudezmo books, first cataloguedby David Bunis, was describedin issue no. 197 of YIVO News.)In addition to material in thispanoply of languages and cul-tural traditions, YIVO is fortu-nate also to possess the modestmanuscript described above,written by a priest of one of theworld’s oldest surviving tribes,the Samaritans.

— Brad Sabin Hill


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Yiddish map ofAsia and NorthAfrica, from thebook by N.Mishkowsky.

Samaritan Manuscript [continued)

Khone Stolnits begins his book Likht in der nakht (Light in the Night), composed in Yiddish, by explaining, “In the present chaotic times, the ripe fruit of poetry

allows a quiet ... expression of one’s feelings. There is still fear to sing but the poemsawaken my children’s silence about their inner tears [and] bring structure and under-standing to the suffering world.”

“In shvartser nakht”(In the Black Night)


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Maków Mazowiecki (Yiddish:Makeve) is a shtetl in

Poland, 69 kilometers north of Warsaw, belonging to theWarsaw District. In the 18th century the Jewish populationdominated the grain and wooltrades. In the 19th century theJews entered the textile industry.Between the two world wars thetown was pressed by poverty,and the Jewish populationdecreased to 3,369 from the previous high of 4,411.

The important rabbis wereAvraham Abish Ginzburg andAryeh Leib Zunz. In 1904 theZionist organization HashomerHatzair was established, and itbecame the most influentialyouth movement of the city. TheJewish Labor Bund was influen-tial in labor matters and theAgudath Israel played a pivotalrole in the town’s religious life.

The proletarian poet Khone

Stolnits published his majorbook of poetry, Likht in dernakht (Light in the Night), inhis native town of Maków in1934. In it he writes aboutthe difficulties the Jewishcommunity was experiencingbetween the wars in Poland.This book is in the YIVOlibrary.

The Germans captured theshtetl on September 5, 1939.On October 1, 1941, its 5,500Jews were incarcerated in a ghetto. On November 18,1942, the Jews were sent tothe Mlawa ghetto and from there to Auschwitz and totheir death. In Birkenau, aSonderkommando uprisingtook place. One its leaders,Leib Langfus, the dayan (reli-gious court judge) of Maków,wrote a diary of that period.

The Maków Yizker Book, pub-lished in 1969 in Israel by

the Committee of MakówMazowiecki Landsmanshaftnin Israel and America, is avail-able in the YIVO Library.

From the YIVO Yizker-bikher Collection

Remembering Maków MazowieckiThe YIVO Library holds more than 750 Yizker-bikher, Memorial Books, the largest collection in the United

States. They tell the stories of Jewish communities annihilated during the Holocaust. Yizker, “remember,” is thefirst word of a Jewish memorial prayer for the dead. Ad hoc committees of survivors compiled the books to com-memorate their families and friends who perished in the Holocaust. Published privately in limited quantities, thebooks were intended for distribution among fellow survivors from the same town or region.

This excerpt from one of the Yizker books in the YIVO collection describes Maków Mazowiec, Poland.

Likht in der nakht by Khone Stolnits

Poetry for Desperate Times

In the black night with blind and gloomy stillness,

When my father, struggled painfully against death –

And my mother, dejected, cryinglike a child:

Then my sisters pleaded for a piece of bread!

In the darkened house flickered aflame from a lamp by the kitchen.

My mother noticed that myfather’s life was expiring,

My brothers on their beds weredreaming:

That they were grasping a piece ofbread, with bowls of food in theirlaps.

Then daybreak arrived and cutthrough the night’s stillness,

My father was lying dead.So we small children cried andthought:

Who will feed us and give usbread?

Translation by Yeshaya Metal

Khone Stolnits

The Max and Frieda Weinreich Archives ofYIVO Sound Recordings was delighted to

receive a donation from Jeffrey Pines of New YorkCity of twenty-nine 78 rpm discs from the person-al collection of his grandmother, the great Yiddishconcert singer Isa Kremer. Unique among theseartifacts are American and European test press-ings of recordings made by Kremer spanning the heyday of her international career, 1922-1930.Some of them are alternate takes to those com-mercially published or performances of songs thatmight not have been issued by the artist. Also inthe donation are recordings by Russian classical

and popular singers, including Feodor Chaliapin,Alexandre Wertinsky and Peter Leshtchenko.

The records help provide a more accurate pic-ture of the breadth of Isa Kremer’s repertoire.Formerly, YIVO’s holdings included 44 sides com-prised of Yiddish, Russian and Italian material.The Sound Archives now also has examples of hersinging in Ukrainian, Polish, French and English.One of the songs, “No Sir,” recorded in Englandin 1930, was also performed by Kremer for aVitaphone short, the music video of its day. Sherecorded in Romanian and Greek, as well.

Isa Kremer was born in 1887 in Belts, Bessarabia.As a teenager her writing of revolutionary poetryfor the Odessa News resulted in her meeting its ed-itor, Israel Heifetz. Impressed by her talent, Heifetzsponsored Kremer’s vocal studies in Milan. Thisled to her operatic debut opposite legendary tenorTito Schipa in Puccini’s “La Bohème,” and a shortcareer with the Imperial Opera of Petrograd.

Following her marriage to Heifetz in 1912, shebecame part of the artistic circlethat had included MendeleMoykher-Sforim, Mark Warshav-sky and, most importantly, HayimNakhman Bialik, who encouragedher to leave opera behind to collectand perform Yiddish folk songs onthe concert stage, a revolutionaryidea for a woman of her era. Thisshe did, along with songs in manyother languages, for the rest of herremarkable life, which includedShe performing in a harem whilestranded in Constantinople duringthe Russian revolution and in War-saw during anti-Semitic attacks.Her American debut at Carnegie Hall in 1922,1922, and subsequent touring, were under theauspices of famed impresario Sol Hurok. In 1936,Kremer presented Yiddish material in Berlin, andin the late 1940s, she performed in Yiddish inPalestine, when it was all but impossible to do so.

Kremer eventually settled in Argentina, whereshe met and married her second husband, psychi-atrist Gregorio Bermann. She died there in 1956. Adocumentary film about her life and times, IsaKremer: The People’s Diva, was produced in 2000.

But, as Sound Archivist Lorin Sklamberg says,“Isa Kremer’s true legacy is her recordings. Herrepertoire of Yiddish folk/art songs and perform-ing style have been a major resource and hugeinfluence on several generations of singers, in-cluding Martha Schlamme and Adrienne Cooper.Thanks again to Mr. Pines for enabling YIVO tomake these gems available to researchers.”

Her true legacy is her recordingsRare Isa Kremer Discs Donated to YIVO Sound Archives


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15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301

I want to help YIVO preserve our Jewish heritage.

o $54 – You will receive the YIVO newsletter, Yedies, in Yiddish and English.

o $180 – A set of postcards from YIVO’s collections.

o $360 – Music from YIVO’s collections.

o $1000 and more – A book from YlVO’s

collections.

o Other.

Enclosed is my contribution of $ .

Please charge my gift to:

o AMEX o VISA o MasterCard o Discover

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Please make checks payable to YIVO Institute forJewish Research. Your gift is tax deductible.

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Isa Kremer


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es In 2005 four emissaries (twoseparate pairs) of Hasidim

from Israel visited YIVO insearch of religious tunes of theStoliner Hasidim. They werelooking for the original Hasidictunes that were sung in thetown of Stolin before World WarII, tunes that were consideredholy. They were not interested inlatter- or present-day composi-tions. Stolin, located 28 milessoutheast of Pinsk, is today inBelarus

The YIVO Archives holds a number of such tunes of the Hasidic followers of theStoliner Rebbe in Record Group36, which comprises the papersof Abraham M. Bernstein (1866-1932) a cantor, composer, choir

director, musicologist, peda-gogue and writer from Vilna,whose family donated his col-lection to YIVO in Vilna afterhis death. Besides Bernstein’soriginal Hebrew and Yiddishcompositions and the composi-tions of other contemporarycomposers of liturgical and artsongs, the papers includesongs and tunes that Bernsteincollected on his eight-yearfolklore expeditions for the S. An-ski Jewish Historical-Ethnographic Society of Vilna,of which he was the chairmanof the musical section.

In 1927, the Society pub-lished 243 tunes collected byBernstein under the title,Muzikalisher pinkes (MusicalRegistry). It was reprinted inthis country by the CantorsAssembly of America in 1958.Unfortunately most of the addi-tional tunes that he had gath-ered were lost.

During World War II, Bern-stein’s papers suffered the samefate as the rest of the YIVOLibrary and Archives. The Nazisconfiscated the books andarchival objects during theiroccupation of Vilna, yet a largenumber of documents were hid-den and rescued under precari-ous conditions by that group ofscholars and writers known asthe “Paper Brigade.”

The Abraham M. BernsteinCollection was among the smallpart of YIVO’s prewar holdings

that was returned in 1947through the good offices of the United States government.Within the salvaged materials a few of his supplementarytunes survived as did the tran-scriptions of the tunes of theStoliners and other Hasidicgroups. The discovery of thesetunes was a source of great sat-isfaction for the Hasidic follow-ers of the Stoliner Rebbe. Theseand other rare archival manu-scripts, as well as publications,of Jewish music. reside in theYIVO Music Archives.

Rare Tunes of the Stoliner HasidimFound in Collection at YIVO

(Above)Bernstein's compilation ofHasidic tunes.

Cantor Abraham Moshe Bernstein

Shabos zemer(Sabbath song)from StolinerHasidim manuscript.


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New Accessions to the YIVO ArchivesCantor Jacob Goldstein, 1897-1961Link Between Two Worlds

Cantor JacobGoldstein (1897

Warsaw – 1961Brooklyn) served as the Head Cantorof the TaharatHakodesh ChoralSynagogue, one ofthe most importantof Vilna’s houses ofprayer. He becameHead Cantor in 1925when he succeededone of his teachers,the cantor and composer, Abraham MosesBernstein, whose papers also are in the YIVOArchives (see related article, page 22).

Cantor Goldstein’s papers were donated byhis son, Cantor Israel Goldstein, the Director ofthe School of Sacred Music at the HebrewUnion College-Jewish Institute of Religion inNew York.

The Goldstein papers cover the entire span ofCantor Goldstein’s career. Especially well docu-mented is his East European period. There arealso letters from well-known personalities,including Cantor Mordechai Hershman, RabbiIsaac Rubinstein, who served in the PolishSenate, and British Chief Rabbis Hertz andBrodie.

Previously, Cantor Goldstein had studied at the Warsaw Conservatory, where he wasconsidered to be a future Wagnerian tenor. In 1917, at the age of 20, Cantor Goldsteinbecame Second Cantor of Warsaw’s NozhykStreet Synagogue, where the great MordechaiHershman was First Cantor. Subsequently,Cantor Goldstein succeeded the famed CantorZaidl Rovner in Rovno, Latvia.

In 1933 Cantor Goldstein, at the behest of hiswife, moved to London, where he served asCantor of the Stamford Street Synagogue. Healso presented concerts outside his congrega-tion; performed in France, accepted roles inoratorios and made recordings.

Following World War II, Cantor Goldsteintoured Palestine and became the Cantor ofCongregation Sons of Israel in Brooklyn, wherehe served until his death in 1961. He was animportant link between the cantorial traditionsof the Old World and the New World.

HISTORY• Eileen Pagan donated Nathan Russak’s diary, which he

kept in Warsaw in 1913.

• Tela Zasloff donated Sylvia Berman’s 1934 diary of herjourney to Latvia and Leningrad.

• Helena Lemanska donated Julius Majski’s recollections ofhis four stays, as a Polish-Jewish Communist activist, inthe Soviet Union, in 1920, 1925, 1928 and 1935. He wasarrested by the Soviet authorities in 1937 and released in1945.

• Judith Rozin donated (via Dr. Maria Krupoves) docu-ments and photographs about her father, Khayim Rozin,who left New York to settle in Birobidzhan, where hedisappeared during the Great Purge of 1937.

• Semen Ouzine donated Rosalija Blok-Baers’ recollectionsof the October 1905 pogrom in Kiev.

• Ellen Howley donated an extended Yiddish essay onpogroms in Tsarist Russia, written by the anarchist writerSolomon Hurwitz (1859-1945).

• Richard A. Rosenzweig donated an English translation of Isaac Vinik’s booklet about Jewish farmers in Russia.The Russian original was published in Irkutsk, Siberia, in 1909.

• Rabbi Jeff Marx contributed his unpublished history ofthe Panemune, Lithuania, Jewish community.

• J. George Longworth donated Eli Paretzki’s dissertation,completed at the University of Basel in 1932, on the ori-gins of the Jewish labor movement in Russia.

• Arnold L. Horelick contributed his doctoral dissertation(Harvard University, 1950), on the Jewish Labor Bund’snationality program.

• Roni Gechtman donated his doctoral dissertation (NewYork University, 2006), also on the Bund’s nationality program.

• Roberta Friedman of the Labor Zionist Alliance providedincremental materials for the records of this organizationalready in the YIVO holdings.

Newlywed couple(Lomza, Poland,1926). Donor: IrmaAbramson. [continued on page 22]


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es• Irwin J. Miller of the Jewish Historical Society of Lower

Fairfield County (Connecticut) donated the papers ofMorris Perlman (1882-1958), a Labor Zionist activistfrom Snov (now in Belarus), who settled in Stamford in 1905.

• Miscellaneous materials relating to Jewish history were given by Gilbert Arion, Joyce Concors, MiriamCorn, Eliot Eisenbach, Eric Greenberg (PhiladelphiaJewish Archives), Eiran Harris, Bea Kornblatt, Dr. Gail Malmgreen (Wagner Labor Archives, New YorkUniversity), Sonia Nussenbaum and Dr. Carl Rheins.

LANDSMANSHAFTN, GENEALOGY ANDFAMILY HISTORIES• Robin Kraus of the New York State Insurance Depart-

ment Liquidation Bureau donated 30 cartons of lands-manshaft documents. The following societies are some ofthe more heavily represented: The Onward Society,Czortkower Rabbei Mayer Shapiro Society, IndependentBialystoker Brotherly Love, First Krylowitzer YoungFriends Progressive Society, Chevra Mogen DavidAnshei Brok, First Zaslower Benevolent Society Society,Young Seekers of Friendship, Erste Zabna Congregation,First Ostrowzer Young Men’s Burial Society, KrynicaerYoung Men’s Benevolent Society, Makarover BenevolentSociety, Congregation Beth Sholom Tomchei Harav, In-dependent Brotherhood of Yonkers, First Turover AidSociety, Bucoviner Boys Benevolent Society, JudeaProtective Association, Kupiner Podolier Branch 329(Workmen’s Circle), Congregation Nachlat Yitzhok and the Butka Benevolent Society.

• The following persons also gave landsmanshaft and con-gregational documents: Rose S. Fogel (Schonberg FamilyAid Society), Morton Nashman (First Piusker BenevolentAssociation), Annlinn Kruger Grossman, via RobertFriedman, (Congregation Rodef Sholem IndependentPodhajcer Sick Benevolent Association), Joan Parker

(Plotzker Young Men’sIndependent Association),Howard Siegel, viaGeorgia Haken (Congre-gation Anshe Tzaydik ofEllenville, New York),Adeline Silverman, viaEsther Brumberg of theMuseum of JewishHeritage, (New YorkProgressive EducationAssociation) and DavidW. Balter (Balta Benev-olent Congregation ofNew York City).

• Esther B. Bates, EttaBaurhenn (via SolomonKrystal, YIVO NationalBoard member), Ber-nice Birnbaum, HowardKaplan and Lionel(Yehuda Leib) Semiatineach gave family mate-rials.

HOLOCAUST• Jacob Fishkin donated the extensive (over 500 Yiddish

manuscript pages) diary of his sister, Sarah, who wasmurdered by the Nazis in Rubiezewicze, now Belarus,when she was 18 years old. The bulk of her diary waswritten during World War II, but only fragments havebeen published.

• Renee Shai Levine donated the memoirs of her uncle,Joseph, who, as a Polish soldier, spent five years inGerman prisoner-of-war camps.

• Jeanne Miles provided the Holocaust memoirs of RosaWeintraub.

• Morris Krause donated his Holocaust memoirs, as wellas Yiddish poems written by his father, Shloime, inOccupied France.

• Jonnie Pekelny donated her stepfather’s letters writtenwhile he was serving in the Red Army during WorldWar II.

• Aurora Zinder donated letters from her father and unclewritten while they were serving in the Red Army duringWorld War II.

• Paul Roochnik gave his great-uncle’s letters written in1940-1941 from Vilnius.

• Ann Kelemen donated Rita Cohen’s account of whatClaire Khalifa experienced as a hidden child in occupiedFrance.

• Eve Sherman Widdows, Marion Wexler and DoraKelenson made a joint donation of an English translationof Lew Frydman’s Yiddish booklet, “The Sufferings andDestruction of the Jews in Mezrich under the GermanOccupation.”

• Sam Kowarski provided English translations of “TheBone Yard in Schoemberg’s Hell”, by Mordechai V.

Portrait of donor’s grandparents inset in a Rosh Hashanahcard (New York, 1906). Donor: Alan L. Kapriloff.

A guide to theUSSR Exhibition of Achievementsin Science, Tech-nology and Culture(New York City,1959). Donor: CarlJ. Rheins.

New Accessions (continued from page 21)


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Bernstein, and “My Friend VitoldKievlitch” by Szloime Kowarski,both of which relate to events in theVilna Ghetto.

• Eleonor Golobic of the AmericanField Service donated a CD thatfeatures interviews with Americanambulance drivers who wereamong the liberators of Bergen-Belsen.

• Maurice Schiff and Rafal Witkowski(via Madeleine Okladek) providedseparate donations of Holocaustmaterials.

• Professor Dov Levin and KrysiaFisher made supplementary dona-tions to the papers of Dov Levinand the papers of Artur Fiszer.

LITERATURE• Meta Solotaroff Goldin donated the

papers of her grandfather, Ruvn(Reuben) Ludwig (1895-1926), theAmerican Yiddish poet who startedout as an anarchist-proletarianpoet, but eventually became amember of the “In Zikh” intro-spectivist poets’ group.

• Mary Lukomnik provided thepapers of her father, Yiddish writer, translator and editor Yankev Krepliak (1885-1945), bestknown for his children’s stories.

• The Labor Zionist Alliance donated(via Dr. Chava Lapin, YIVO Na-tional Board member) letters writ-ten to Leibl and Salye Eisner by thegreat Yiddish poet and novelistChaim Grade.

• Dr. Paul (Hershl) Glasser donated aletter written to him by the greatYiddish poet Abraham Sutzkever.

• Anne Greenfield donated Yiddishplays and other manuscripts writ-ten by her grandfather, Max Hirsch,a Yiddish and English-languageactor.

• Donna Bernardo Ceriz of theOntario Jewish Archives gave thepapers of Miriam Beckerman, awell-known Canada-based transla-tor from Yiddish.

• Dr. Anita (Khane-Faygl) Turtletaubdonated Yiddish translations fromDanish, by Itsik Leyb (IsadoreLouis) Goldstein (1890-1966), of 23Hans Christian Andersen tales.

• Noemie Turetsky donated a collec-tion of Jewish humor compiled byher mother, Sarah Burkos, as wellas a manuscript of a poem by theYiddish poet Alter Eselin.

• Leonard Kaplan gave a letter fromthe lexicographer Alexander Har-kavy congratulating the donor’sparents on Leonard’s birth.

• Dr. Dora Apsan Sorell donated (via Dr. Lyudmila Sholokhova) stories and biographic materials byand about her father, Herzl Apsan,whom the prominent Yiddish criticShloyme Bickel called the SholemAleichem of Sighet, Romania.

• Yehuda Knobler donated his Yid-dish and Hebrew Holocaust poemsvia Professor Dov Levin.

• Tomas Rothschild donated German-language poems, many of whichcontain Jewish motifs by MargotHermer, who was born in Berlin in1900 and died in Bogota, Colombia,in 1993.

• Evelyn Berezin gave two linguisticstudies of the Yiddish language byher late husband, Dr. IsraelWilenitz.

• Harriet Furst Simon and Larry A.Hickman of the Center for DeweyStudies at Southern Illinois Univer-sity donated digitized copies ofJohn Dewey’s letters to HoraceKallen.

RECORDINGS, MUSIC ANDTHEATER MATERIALS• Henry Carey gave the papers of his

mother, Leah Post Carey, a Yiddishsinger and actress who has had along career in Boston and NewYork.

• Cantor Israel Goldstein donated thepapers of his father, Cantor JacobGoldstein (See feature, page 21)

• Meyer Denn provided a unidenti-fied Yiddish play given to hisgrandfather (circa 1930) by an actorthen performing in Houston, Texas.

• Cyril Robinson donated, with theassistance of Joyce Meggett of theChicago Public Library, a large collection of recordings that hemade of Jewish musical events in America and Europe.

• Annabelle Weiss gave five unpub-lished CDs of Yiddish stories andpoems read by David Guralnik andFishl (Philip) Nashkin, two Yiddishcultural activists from Cleveland.These CDs also contain an inter-view of Molly Picon.

Actors of the Vilna Troupe on January12, 1930 (Metz, France). Donor: MorrisKrause.

WlodzimierzZakrzewski, math teacher, and Jewish stu-dents of theKonopnickaGymnazium(Suwalki, Poland,1925). Donor: Brian Bergman.



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es• Mel Chalfen donated his memoir of

the Yiddish-oriented Boiberik sum-mer camp and a CD of him singingsongs from Boiberik.

• Renee Fields gave her great-grand-mother’s transcriptions of Yiddishlyrics, most of which originatedwith Abraham Goldfaden, in amanuscript dated 1896.

• Hannah Abrahamson donated anunpublished CD of vocal composi-tions Arie Ben Erez Abrahamson, a Czech Jewish composer, to theYiddish poems of Aliza Greenblatt.The music dates from 1939, andwas performed in Israel in 2002with soprano Eve Ben-Zvi.

• Paul (Pinye) Nash provided a largecollection of Yiddish State Theaterprograms from postwar Poland.

• Debbie Diamond donated, via KerryWeintraub and Dr. Robert Tartell,videos of excerpts of performancesof “Der Yiddisher Mikado” and“Der Yiddisher Pinafore” by theGilbert & Sullivan Yiddish LightOpera Company. Dr. Tartell alsoprovided the full scores of theseadaptations.

• Elaine Levitt of the Israel AmericaFoundation gave the Mina Brottcollection of Hebrew and Yiddishsheet music and songbooks.

• Frederick Lubcher and Gary Spiegeldonated the Shirley Lubcher SpiegelCollection of Yiddish sheet music.

• Maggie Cammer and FlorenceWeisfeld each donated Yiddishsheet music.

• Jewish musical materials also weredonated by Isabel Belarsky, RichardBragin and Margaret Rovero of theHartford Theological Seminarylibrary.

• Recordings of Jewishmusic were donated byMikhl Baran, PninaBlake, Dr. Joel Rubin,Andreas Schmitges,Allison Smith and DorisZatkow.

PHOTOGRAPHICAND FILM MATERIALS• Leon Gildin gave

outtakes from his 1988 documentary film, “Theresienstadt:Gateway to Auschwitz.”

• Max Mermelstein donated outtakesfrom his documentary on the townof Skala.

• Katy Garfield donated the film thatshe coproduced about diaries keptby young people during theHolocaust.

• Dr. Arnold Richards, YIVO NationalBoard member, donated ten photo-graphs taken by the photographerDena Segal, including images ofWilliamsburg, Brooklyn, circa 1960.

• Piotr Priluk donated, via RobertaNewman, over 50 photographs thathe took of Jewish monuments inPoland.

• Brian Bergman donated photo-graphs taken of KonopnickaGymnazium students, many ofthem Jewish, and their teachers,Suwalki, Poland, in 1925.

• Adam Richter donated a 1934 pho-tograph of the interior of the GrandSynagogue in Miedzyrzec Podlaski(Mezritsh), Poland.

• Sonia Turkow donated a dozengroup photos of Yiddish literary

personalities in Israel.

• Paula (Perl) Boltman gave a photograph of IsraelJoshua Singer together withMelekh Ravitch.

• Claire Silverstein donatedthe childhood memoirs ofSimon Judkoff, the photogra-pher and Yiddish writer.

• The following donors alsogave historical photographs:Laura Frommer (photographof cantor/composer AbrahamIsaac Reif), Sidney J. Gluck(Yiddish actress Lilian Bur-stein Lux), Fay Itzkowitz

(Camp Kinderland), MichaelRichman (Hebrew TechnicalInstitute) and Dr. Marvin E. Ring(West End [International WorkersOrder] Choruses, with Leo Low asguest conductor, Town Hall, NewYork, 1943), Ruth Stein (DetroitWorkmen’s Circle school play,1935).

• The following donors gave familyphotographs: Irma Abramson,Harriet Dronska Feitelberg, FaithAnn Goldman, Alan L. Kapiloff,Martin Kaminer and ClaireSilverman.

ART AND OBJECTS• Gerald Gorman donated a large

combination mizrakh and familygenealogy made by an ancestor of the donor, ca.1890, in Tarnovka,Ukraine, in an elaborate poly-chrome paper cut using traditionalJewish motifs.

• Wallace Lipton donated a set of silver spoons bearing the markingsof several Jewish silversmiths inTsarist Russia.

• Lynda Dubov donated, with the as-sistance of Carl Goodring, a set oforiginals of her works on paper thatbear Holocaust motifs.

• Roslyn Rusinow gave her great-grandfather’s embroidered caftanfrom Romania.

• Marcos Chusyd provided Yiddishtheater posters from Brazil.

• Art materials were also donated byMichailo Percovo, Robert S. Rifkind(with Alice Herman), Jeffrey (Yankl)Salant, Chava Shulman and RabbiIsrael Wohlgelernter.

Israel JoshuaSinger (l) withMelekh (Bergner)Ravitch, his wifeand children, Yosland Ruth Bergner(c. 1925). Donor:Paula (Perl)Boltman.

Bi-lingual library instruction card, NewYork, circa 1930. Donor: Lionel Semiatin.

New Accessions (continued from page 23)


YIV

O in

His

tory

Each issue of Yedies reports on news that con-cerned YIVO members decades ago. Yedies

Issue No. 112 indicates that at the end of 1969,when the Max Weinreich Center was inaugurated,

YIVO was helping Jews worldwide understandthemselves and their culture, in the wake of theHolocaust.

YIVO in History: Founding of Max Weinreich Center

Yedies Issue No.112, from 1969.

It is the responsibility of every gen-eration to pass to the next a legacy

of history and traditions. For theJewish people this is successfullyaccomplished despite seeminglyinsurmountable obstacles and horrificdifficulties. Even after the decimationof the vibrant Jewish community ofEastern Europe, the customs, music,theater, art, traditions, beliefs andeven the language have been sus-tained, gathered, preserved and madeavailable to future generations. Thishas had a far-reaching effect on theAmerican Jewish community.

Since 1925, YIVO has been acquiringthe artifacts of our culture going back over 1,000years. After moving to New York during WorldWar II, it continued rescuing documents, photo-graphs and other remnants of Jewish life inEurope, so that the legacy could be passed on,to allow our children and their children to knowus.

This could not have been accomplished withoutYIVO’s contributors who ensured that YIVO’swork would continue by making a gift thatreached beyond their own lifetimes.

Today’s generation must take up this responsi-bility. To ensure that Jewish history and tradi-tions will be available to your grandchildrenand their grandchildren, leave a bequest toYIVO in your will or trust.

Unlike other charities, when you include YIVOin your estate plans, you ensure that your her-itage and history will pass to your loved ones,along with your other assets. It’s your legacyand their inheritance.

Pla

nn

ed

Giv

ing


MAKE SURE YOUR LOVED ONES INHERITMORE THAN JUST YOUR YOUR ASSETS —

LEAVE THEM A HERITAGE

Please discuss the following bequest languagewith your attorney as a way to leave a legacy:

“I give and bequeath ($_____/ or _____% of myestate/ or description of item) to YIVO Institutefor Jewish Research, 15 W. 16th Street, New York,NY, 10011 for its general purposes.”

The 18th-century scholarRabbi Elijah Ben

Solomon Zalman — theVilna Gaon — had greatrespect for tzedakah. TheGaon Society was created in his honor to recognizeand thank YIVO’s friendsand supporters who emulatethe rabbi by securing YIVO’s

mission in their wills and trusts, and with otherplanned gifts. Planned gifts are the best way toensure that YIVO’s work will always continue,le’ dor me’dor.

The Gaon Society

To discuss planned giving to YIVO, please contact:

Lorri M. Greif, CFRE Planned Giving Officer212-294-8301, ext. #6108 or at [email protected]

Vera Stern with her grandsons Noah (L) and Ethan Stern-Weber after she received the Vilna Award at the 2002 YIVOHeritage Luncheon.

With a gift of $10,000 ormore in cash or long-

term appreciated marketablesecurities, you can create anattractive, guaranteed lifetimeincome for yourself (and/or aloved one) if you’re at least 65years of age. You also establisha charitable legacy and letthose who come after youknow how much you valueyour Jewish heritage.

For example: Dr. Weiss is 75years old and has a $10,000 certificate of deposit that ismaturing. He loves YIVO andhas been thinking of leaving agift in his will. However, sincehe can use the extra income, he decides to take the $10,000and make a donation to YIVOto establish a charitable giftannuity. Here’s the result:• He locks in a fixed income

rate of 7.1% or $710.00 a yearfor the rest of his life, ofwhich $438 is tax free

through the year 2017. This isthe same as a fully taxablereturn of 10.1% if Dr. Weiss isin the 35% tax bracket.

• He is entitled to a charitablededuction of $4,564, whichcan be carried forward for anadditional five years.

• The remaining assets of thecharitable annuity will even-tually secure YIVO’s mission,making our history and cul-ture available to his childrenand grandchildren.

Dr. Weiss enriches his ownlifetime and the lives of thosewho follow when he is gone.He is also welcomed into theGaon Society, which is namedfor the revered Vilna Gaon —Rabbi Elijah Ben SolomonZalman. As a Gaon Societymember Dr. Weiss is recog-nized in our publications andon our website.


Gao

n S

oci

ety

YIVO’s Fourth Annual Food as Roots series had an extraordinary year in 2005.We had our highest turnout ever for the three cooking classes, which featuredsuch acclaimed chefs as Peter Berley, Mark Strausman, and Judy Marlow. Thehard work and dedication of co-chairs Cathy Zises and Katja Goldman madethis our most successful series yet.

The first class at the home of Caryl and Israel Englander featured PeterBerley, former executive chef of Angelica Kitchen and current award winningcookbook author and private chef to clientele such as Billy Crystal. He demon-strated how to prepare several delicious vegetarian dishes, including LemonLentil Soup with Spinach, and Wild Mushroom Fricassee over Farro.

The second class with chef Mark Strausman, former chef at Coco Pazzo andhead chef of Fred’s at Barneys New York, took place at the home of KatjaGoldman and Michael Sonnenfeldt and featured a wide range of Italian Jewishrecipes, from Tuscan Liver Crostini and Sephardic Shoulder of Lamb toPizzarelle. Over 60 guests were in attendance for this special evening. Guestspeaker for this event was Mimi Sheraton, The New York Times food critic andauthor, who talked about the similarities between Italian and Jewish cooking,and its influence on culture.

Selections of scrumptious desserts were on the menu for the third and finalclass this year. At the home of Francesca and Ivan Berkowitz, guests experi-enced a new breed of Passover desserts at the hands of Judy Marlow’s pastrychef, Samantha, from Simply Divine caterers. She skillfully prepared dessertsincluded a Hazelnut Chocolate Torte, and a new spin was put on the traditionalSponge cake. Tales told by Linda Amster, The New York Times columnist andauthor of several New York Times cookbooks, also delighted guests.

We thank everyone who participated for making these events so memorable.We hope to see you at next year’s cooking classes!

Current YIVO Individual Charitable Gift Annuity Chart for $10,000 Gift

Age of Annuitant 65 70 75 80 85 90

Rate* 6% 6.5% 7.1% 8% 9.5% 11.3%

Tax Advantage AnnualIncome

$600 $650 $710 $800 $950 $1,130

Equivalent TaxableIncome (35% Bracket)

$820 $910 $1,010 $1,160 $1,390 $1,670

Please contact Lorri M. Greif, CFRE, YIVO’s Planned GivingOfficer, at 212-294-8301, ext. #6108 or at [email protected] to learnmore about remembering YIVO in your will, or for a confidentialcustomized illustration of how a YIVO charitable gift annuitywould work for you.

Perhaps the Best Investment You Make This Year Will Be in YIVO

Gaon SocietyMembersMs. Rosina AbramsonMs. Bonnie AidelmanMs. Leone AdelsonMs. Sylvia Antonier-ScherMs. Marilyn ApelsonMr. Harold BaronDr. Sylvia Brody AxelradMs. Eliane BukantzMr. Hyman CohenMrs. Rita CohenDr. Ethel CutlerMrs. Betty EldmanMr. Sol EldmanMr. Stanley EngelsteinMr. Gene ForrellMrs. Mildred ForrellMrs. Shulamis FriedmanMs. Vicki GoldMr. Nathan GoldsteinDr. Laura HapkeMr. George HechtMs. Felice ItzkoffMrs. Louisa JohnstonMr. Louis OsofskyMs. Bathsheba PhillipsMs. Ethel RobertsMr. Abraham ShermanMr. Samuel SilversteinMr. Bruce SlovinDr. Robert TartellMrs. Lottie TartellProf. Franklin TokerMr. Milton WeinerMs. Edith WeissDr. Joan WertheimAnonymous (8)

MaturedEstatesSidney KrumEta TaubJacob Waisbord

*Subject to change * Deferred gift annuity rates are even more attractive.


Lett

ers

Library Thank YouIn December 2004, when I was looking for exam-ples of Jewish women who challenged Jewish tra-ditional values, your public service librarian,Yeshaya Metal, found the names of Puah Rakov-sky and Sarah Schenirer. In April 2005, I wrote mymaster's thesis on Puah Rakovsky, entitled“Identity and Power: Gender Constructions in theEarly Zionist Movement, Taking the Example ofZionist Women in Poland.” I'm in Israel doing myresearch on Sarah Schenirer and the Beit Yaakovmovement in Poland. I'm writing this because I'dlike to thank you for your support.

Best wishesAgnieszka Oleszak

Israel

Spanish-Yiddish DictionaryDo you have any reference about a Spanish-Yiddish or Espanol-Yiddish dictionary?

Victor MaccagnoMiami, FL.

Reply: YIVO has the following dictionaries: 1) Diccionario Yidish-Espanol, by Jacobo IsaiasLerman and Isidoro Niborski, and 2) Milon Rav-Leshoni: Ivrit – Yidish – Anglit –Tsorfatit – Sefaradit – Germanit – Rusit, edited byYom-Tov Levinski.

* * *

IWO CorrectionI saw your excellent last YIVO News issue andwould like to thank you for both articles that re-ferred to our IWO Foundation in Argentina. Just asmall remark about an involuntary omission. Theauthor of the paper devoted to the archives ofYiddish theatre librettos, mentioned in your piece,was our chief archivist, Sivia Hansman, whodeserved to be mentioned.

Saul Drajer, M.D.President of the Fundación IWO

Buenos Aires, Argentina

* * *

Marek SchwarzI am searching for information about an artistnamed Marek Schwarz who was associated withYiddish Expressionism, the Makhmadim groupand U.Z. Greenberg's “Albatross.” I can't findinformation about him anywhere, not in books oron the web. Could you help me please?

Dr. Glenda AbramsonUniversity of Oxford, Oriental Institute

Oxford, England

Reply: You will find information concerning Schwarzand the Makhmadim in Tradition and Revolution:The Jewish Renaissance in Russian Avant-GardeArt 1912-1928, edited by Ruth Apter-Gabriel.

* * *

Letters should be sent to YIVO at 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 or via e-mail to [email protected].

Letters to YIVO

IWO Buenos Aires [continued from page 8]

IWO historical materials and catalogs. Thanks tothe painstaking work of hundreds of volunteersover the past twelve years, IWO has managed torecover more than 70% of the original materialsthat were destroyed or thought lost.

In the short-term, IWO Argentina is undergoingfurther challenges. Following a deadly disco firein Buenos Aires on December 30, 2004, that killed194 people, the city passed stringent fire-safetyregulations that may force IWO to move yet again.They are currently looking for new space. As aresult of the fire, the Buenos Aires city councilrecently removed the mayor; Jorge Telerman, hisdeputy, replaced him, becoming the first everJewish leader to hold this position.

Chicago YIVO Board Chair Joseph Morowitz (aYIVO National Board member) recently visitedBuenos Aires where he toured the facilities andmet with IWO staff. “They are extremely proud of the agreement they signed with the NationalLibrary of Congress,” Morowitz says, “as it is vital recognition from the federal government ofthe importance of their work, particularly aftersome very difficult years.”

Although understaffed and working with limited resources, IWO continues to inspiretoday’s Argentinean Jewry through popularYiddish classes and cultural outreach. SaysMorowitz, “I was deeply impressed by how much they are accomplishing under such stringent conditions.”


Lett

ersDreyfus Affair

I am looking for material thatmight suggest the feelings ofEast European Jews toward theDreyfus Affair. No doubt innewspapers (socialist and reli-gious) and pamphlet literature,editors responded to communalinterest in a matter so importantto international Jewry. Any ref-erence made to it in Yiddish lit-erature would be very helpful.

Dr. Ruth HarrisFellow and Tutor, Modern History

Oxford University, England

Reply: There is an article about theDreyfus Affair in the Ozar Yisrael:An Encyclopedia of All MattersConcerning Jews and Judaism,in Hebrew (Berlin: Menorah,1935). At the end of this piece is alist of the sources of information —all Jewish newspapers published atthe time of the Affair. The names ofthe journals are: ha-Tsefirah,Fraynd, and Ester’raykherVokhenshrift.

* * *

Linguistic QuestionA German friend said that inGerman the word for foot is foosand the word for leg is bein.Although I haven't spokenYiddish for about 70 years, Iremembered that the word foosreferred to both the foot and theleg whereas bein meant bone.This turned out to be in com-plete agreement with UrielWeinreich's Modern YiddishDictionary. Nevertheless it seems strange that the Yiddishlanguage does not have a sepa-rate word for leg and foot. Isthere anyone at the YIVO whocan shed some light on this?

Dr. Ben Senitzkyby email

Reply: According to Dr. Paul(Hershl) Glasser of YIVO’s MaxWeinreich Center, you are correct.In German, Fuss is “foot” andBein is “leg,” whereas the Yiddishfus is “foot” or “leg” and beyn is“bone.” He suspects that Yiddishdoesn’t have a separate word for“leg” because the Slavic languagesdon’t, and Yiddish is heavily influ-enced by Slavic. Yiddish doesn’thave a separate word for “finger”and “toe” either (both are finger),similarly to Slavic, whereasGerman has Finger and Zeherespectively.

Photographs ofInterwar VilnaI am a Fulbright scholar in Vil-nius doing research on the phys-ical history/layout of interwar(1920-1940) Vilna. I was wonder-ing whether you have in yourcollection any images of the cityfrom that period — particularlythose not found in Leyzer Ran'sYerushalayim d’Lita.

Also, is there an online catalogthat would help me find thissort of information myself?Thank you in advance for anyhelp you can provide.

Jennifer StolperVilnius, Lithuania

Reply: To view our photos from prewar Vilna, please check our on-line photo database, available athttp://yivo1000towns.cjh.org.After registering, you can searchthe catalog, entering "Vilna" in the City/Town field. There are more than 1,500 images .

* * *

Letters to YIVO

I want to thank everyone at YIVOvery much for all of your supportand guidance throughout the sum-mer in regard to the Salonika project.I am so appreciative of the fact thatYIVO gave me the opportunity towork on the Salonika collection, andalso, to present some of my findingsat the lecture...

YIVO should be very proud of allof the staff members. I came in as akid (and I guess I still am), and astranger working on a communityfrom a different part of the world,and with a language different fromwhat one normally finds at YIVO. Iwas impressed with and appreciativeof all the support and encourage-

ment, especially from the YIVOarchivists, many of whom offeredtheir assistance — whether it was inhelping to translate a document fromHebrew, or locating a particular col-lection, or discussing situations inSalonika as parallels to those in Vilnaor elsewhere in the Ashkenazi world.And, of course, I cannot forget tomention Fruma Mohrer's [YIVO’sChief Archivist] efforts throughoutthe entire summer and well before...Clearly, without her effort, withouther passion and time commitment,the Salonika project would be no-where. The quality of the YIVO staffis one of the many lasting impres-sions about YIVO that I will take

with me. Again, it was a pleasureworking for YIVOand with YIVO.

Devin NaarAthens, Greece

Editor’s note: Naar is currently aFulbright Hays Traveling Fellow inGreece. In September, he starts his doc-toral studies in Sephardic History atStanford University. While at YIVO, hecatalogued YIVO’s archival collection onthe Jewish community of Salonika, wherehis paternal grandfather was a rabbi.The project was funded by grants of$22,500.

Devin Naar on Salonika Project at YIVO

Devin Naar

z YIVO News Spring 2006

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v YIVO News Spring 2006

uuh tubszgrg khhgbgrx egri auhi uuhxiw zgbgi s† thitubszgrg e†kgemhgx †i T ahgur uuhfyheg tui yaheTuugchfgrw myubdgi tui zaurbTki/ †yw knakw pTrn†dysgr hHuu† sgo TkPuhkhai ygkgp†i-cul pui 6391 ≈s†ryi dgphby zhl w knakw sgr ygkgp†i-bungr pubgouuhkbgr hHuu† )ckuhz sr mhpgri!(w uuh thr zgy s† tubyi/tuhl s"r nTex uubrl v†y mu hgbgr my dgvTy Tygkgp†i/ †cgr sgn†ky zgbgi thi dTb. Puhki tpardguugi uuhhbhegr ygkgp†bgi uuh thbgo vbyhei nTbvgyi/thi druhxg aygy zgbgi dguugi rgkTyhuu T xlw thi

aygykglw uuhsgr ≈ zhhgr uuhbmhew T xl n†k ckuhz muuhh≈ pui sgr P†khmhh tui pui sgr ay†yhagr rgdhrubd/ Tzng ckgygry sgo ygkgp†i-cul sTfy zhlw Tz ng dhhyTrhcgr thi T uuygr uugky/

tuhl FsTh mu sgrmhhki uugdi T Pr†uuhbmgr myubd puipTri jurciw uu†x x'thz tubsz dgeungi tubygr sgr vTby:s†x agskgmgr uu†fgbckTyw uu†x sgrpui sruei nhr s†thcgr sgo chksgrhai k†d† pui sgr myubd/ tuh; sgoagr-ckgyk pubgo bungr pubgo 62xyi tuhduxy 8391 zgyngi tuhl T xl rgekTngx/ suuet pui sh kgmyg sgruuhxinhr zhl T vhPa chxk uugdi hHshai kgci pui hgbgr my:Tz hHsi dhci zhl †P nzk-yuç muodgcuhri uugri pui ehbsgr Tz shagskgmgr I≤rcu,''-auk pTrrupyzhmubdgiw uuU x'nuzi zhl cTyhhkheiTkg yTyg-nTngx pui sh aukeh-sgr ≈ tui f†ya sh auk phry zhltuh; vgcrgHa sruey zh thrg ngk-subdgi x tuh; vgcrgHaw x tuh;hHsha Tz hHshag xujrho puiFkgrkhh xjuru,w uuhw knakw puituhpabhy th pui IPxhf†k†dhg"wv†ci zhl rgekTnhry thi sgrmyubd/

T Fkkw x'thz T ekhhi pgbmygrkmuo hHshai kgci pui hgbgr my/

hHsha Puhki pui Tn†k

uuU vgrak †xyr†; z†k bhay zi shrgey †sgr tun-shrgey pTrcubsi/

vgrak †xyr†px vuhfPubey thi sh kgmyg h†ri thzdguugi thi sh rhhgi pubgo hHshai uuhxbaTpykgfi thb-xyhyuy Ω hHuu†w uuU gr thz chzi kgmyi y†d pui zi kgcidguugi T nhydkhs thi sgr pTruuTkyubd tui thi sgrgezgeuyhuug/ thl v†c dgvTy sh zfhv mu †cxgruuhrivgrakgi thi hHuu† ≈ dgzgi tho tuh; sh zhmubdgiw uuU grthz dgzgxi ayhk tui zhl nhy thbygrgx mudgvgry muvhhxg sgcTyi muuhai pTrahsgbg ygbsgbmi/ Tkg tuhdiv†ci zhl sTi dguu†bsi thi sgr rhfyubd pui vgrakgi ≈ng uuhk vgri uu†x gr v†y mu z†di uugdi sh gbhbho/ tuicTks thz yTeg dgeungi †xyr†px uu†ry: gr thz dguugisgr akuo-nTfgrw sgr tuhxdkfgr/ pTrahhsgbg nhhbub-dgiw pTrahhsgbg ygbsgbmiw tui s†l thhi naPjv///

tui thmy ≈ vgrak †xyr†; sgr b†gbygr jçr/ x'thzduy dguugi zhl mu dgphbgi thi sgr dgzgkaTpy puivgrakgi/ tubszgrg pruhgi zgbgi Tuuge thi sgrthhchehhy nhy gykgfg h†ri murhe/ zhh ≈ prhsTw vgrakxpruhw tui gngw n˙i pruh ≈ zgbgi dguugi sh uugkfg v†cipTrebhPy sh b†gbyehhy pui tubszgrg muuhh naPju,w thzsgrhcgr bTyhrkgl Tz uugi thl arc sh s†zheg auru,ayhhgi pTr n˙bg tuhdi sh khfyhegw prhhsheg ygd uuginhr Tkg phr v†ci Tzuh duy pTrcrTfy muzTngi thi auhxpui sgr bTyurw dganugxyw dgrgsyw dgk†zy TYyrgrwtui zhhgr †py dgkTfy/ tui thhbgr pui tubsz v†y†bdgvuhci zhbdgi T hHsha khsw PTPhgrbhe†uux T khsw tuix'v†ci zhl pubTbsgrdgyr†di sh pgrzi:

z†k zi Tz thl cuh thi sgr kupy n˙bg akgxgr

z†k zi Tz n˙i d†y thz thi dTbmi bhy†

thi yruho thz nhr agbgrw thi yruho thz nhr cgxgr

thi jkuo sgr vhnk b†l ckuhgr uuh ck†/

tui ckuhgr thz dguu†ri sgr vhnkw tui vgfgr tubszgrdgzTbdw tui tubszgr prbsaTpy yhpgr tui grbxygr/

uugr egi pTrdgxi hgbg nhbuyi tui agvi?tubszgr vgrak thz Tuuge thi sgr thhchehhy! x'thz

dgpTki T sgnc/≈ n†yk zgknTb†uuhya

vgrak †xyr†;]vnal pui z' t[

Tryhekgi uuU gr aygky zhl ti pTr hHsha tui n†byhuar pTr sgr dku,shegr hHshaehhy cFkk tui pTr nTng-kaui cpry/

thbgo p†ruugryx )nTr. 42w 6002( arcy hmjekusgi: Isgr drgxygr tuhpyu pui zi nuyhei eTn; thzdguugi s†x tuhxegnpi tui drhbsiw rgsTdhri tui †bphrinhy sh kgmyg bgx ≈ bhay b†r uuh T y†dmyubd thinal pui eruç pgrmhe h†rw b†r uuh Tyrhcubg pui sgoeTn; pTr hHshaw tui uuh sgr x†mhTkgr nsrhl pTr shvubsgrygr yuhzbygr atrh,-vPkhyv-hHsi pui hgbgodhvbuow uugkfi zhh v†ci dgk†zy vhbygr zhlw v†y zhhdgv†kpi zhl tbdkhsgri thi sgo hHshai kTbs tui †Pvhyi zhhgr thsgbyhygyw sh mudgcubsbehhy mu zhhgrgdxyheg uu†rmkgi"/

mu zbg vubsgry uuhbyai nhr n/ mTbhbgi b†l T xldgzuby tui Fuj!

nrsfh mTbhi ]vnal pui z' c[

sgo 61yi sgmgncgr

bgnh sza†bx )bhu-h†regr ay†y-chckh†yge(

IhHsha-eukyur vhbygr sh vrh-jual" pr' sza†bxw uu†x zh ayTny pui uuTbeUuugrw v†y dg-

rgsy uugdi hHshag arcgrx tui chckh†ygei thi nhyk-tui ngrç-eTbTsg )uuTbeUuugr tui uuhbhPgdw uuh tuhl uugdiekgbgrg hHshag hHauçho thi xTxeTyaguuTiw tuhpiPrhhrhw uuh knak hHsbcrhe ≈ tuh; gbdkha:(/Tphku thi TzT uuyi rTh†i v†ci zhl thi sh graygh†rmgbskhegr pubgo muu†bmhexyi h†rvubsgry dgpubgihHshag hHsi uu†x v†ci zhl tuhxdgkgcy tuh; hHsha tuicTTrcgy sh grs/

sgo 91yi hTbuTr 6002

ngfk uugex )cTeTbygr arcgrw njcr pui(/

Ichi hårtk kgnho: hHsiw hHshatui dku,"p' uugex v†y sgo guko dgdg-ci mu pTrayhhi uuhTzuh hHshathz tuhpdgeungi mukhc sgrnjhmv muuhai hHsi tui duhhotui uuh Tzuh hHsha thz Tkhhidguu†ri T nhyk †Pmuyhhki hHsipui duhho/ Pubey uuh Truo sgr ≤urv nuz zi T xhhdw Tmuhow Tzuh thz hHsha T xhhd mu hHshaehhy/ tui sgrpTrthz hHsha dgckhci dgrnTbha thi nhzrj-thhr†Pg: uu†x-uu†xw Tch hHsi rgsi bhay sh zgkcg aPrTl uu†x sh duhhoTruo zhh/

sgo 42xyi pgcruTr

vgbgl xTP†zabhe )ekgzegnP(ITngrheTbgr rTsh† tuh;hHshaw 5291-5591"p' xTP†zabhe v†y sgrmhhkyuugdi sh druhxgPgrzgbkgfehhyi pubgo hHshairTsh†: bjuo xyuyae†uuw Tdruhxgr aPrTfegbgrw mubuhpaygkgr pubgo tumr puisgr hHshagr aPrTlw uuh tuhl Ti †bdgzggbgr rTsh†-srTnTyurd mçh xeukgrw sgr IdrTnn˙xygr"w uu†xpkgd thcgrdgci sh bgx thi drTngi uuhey†r PTegrt"T/ sgr guko v†y tuhl dgvgry tuhxmudi pui Tn†khegtuhshmhgx/

sgo 71yi nTr.

sbhtk x†hgr )p†rsvgo-tubhuugrxhygy(I'thl uuhk zi pr mu eungi thiruxkTbs': nav †kdhbx cTzul thix†uugyi-pTrcTbs 0291-1291"Pr†p' x†hgr v†y rgpgrhryuugdi n/ †kdhbx ch†drTphgw uugdizi P†khyhagr †rhgbyhrubdw zi†bvhhci thbgo cubs tuiaPgygrshe Trhcgrdhhi muoe†nubhzo tui sh vaPgv pui sgo uu†x gr v†y dgzgithbgo x†uugyi-pTrcTbs tuh; zi uuygrshei dTbd/

uuygr uugki Truhxyrgyi:sgo 5yi n˙

ahhi chhegr )Tkuugkykgfgr hHshagr eukyur-e†bdrgx(Isgr †bvhhc pui sgr uuhkbgr yruPg: hHshag tui syagP†khyhe co kTbxhri T hHshai eubxy-ygTygr )muo09xyi huçk pui sgr uuhkbgr yruPg"

sgo 91yi n˙

årv pbayhhi)khygrTyur-p†ragrhi(IhHsha thz zi kgciw vgcrgHa thz zi eubxy: jhho bjnichTkhe thi zi my

shshgu, pui hHuu† 102 prhkhbd 6002

uu˙br˙l-mgbygr

xgnhbTri 5002-6002uuh x'phry zhl v†y sgr hHuu† uuhsgr T n†k †PdgvTkyixgnhbTri tuh; hHsha/ sgr guko v†y vb†v dgvTy thpubgo ≤ufiw th pubgo kaui/ chz thmy v†ci tuhpdgyr†yi:

Edenbridge

Born to Kvetch

zgfmi TprheTbgr kgbsgr/ x'v†y thow egbyhew ayTrepTrthbygrgxhry sgr vgkpTbs/ tuhl sh ngbyai v†citho pTrthbygrgxhry: knakw gr v†y zhl dgk†zyp†y†drTphri nhy T vuhPy pui T s†ryhei açy/ shp†y†drTphg thz s† thbgo bgo Tkc†ow b†r k†zy zhls† bhay rgPr†sumhri/

cFkk v†y xumeguugr Fkgrkhh P†gyhag thbygrgxi:euso-Fk v†y gr dgarhci uugdi zi vhhnay†yw uuhkbghruakho skhyg`dgarhci uugdi sgr myuugi gr v†y dguuuhbythi xhchrw b†l zgbsheT ehbs uugdi zbgbxhgu, bhay b†r thcgrTprhegw b†r tuhl thcgrthhr†Pg tui Trdgbyhbg`uuh tuhl tuh; Tbsgrgygngxw uuh knak ziIdrhbgr TeuuTrhuo"/ grv†y tuhl dgarhcibhay-uuhhbhe Pr†zg/

mu zbg sr tui bbmhe uuhki nhr uuygr uuhbyaisgo druhxi P†gy b†l kTbdg h†ri dgzuby tui aTpi!

xumeguugr-cTbs ]vnal pui z' d[

b˙gx

d YIVO News Spring 2006

sh grayg my ]thi Tngrheg[ v†c thl dgvTy gy-kgfg †bdgbgng thcgrkgcgbhai/// thhi n†k aPgy cbTfy chi thl Truhx cTeuei Phyehi-guugbhu )cr†bzuuhkwcruekhi(/ sh ngrxyg er†ngi zbgi auhi dguugi pTr-nTfyw †cgr sgr drgxygr jhsua thz nhr dguugi s†xwuu†x ehhi auo er†o v†y bhy dgvTy ehhi k†sbx/ auh-pgbmygr puk nhy xjurvw f†ya bgo mgcrgl s†x dk†ztui bgo Tk. Truhx! c bTfy egi ngi s†l dguuhx mg-akgPi sh er†ngi Tz ehhi v†ci z†k bhy T erhh y†i! bhyTbsgra Tz Tngrheg thz bhy b†r x≤o T dgcgbyaykTbsw b†r tuhlT kTbs pui d†kg mshehow pui ayrgbdgrkgfg ngbyai!

tui b†l Ti †bdgbgng thcgrrTabsheg thcgrkgcubd:thhi n†kw xu; †ey†cgrw chi thl thi †uuby Truhx tuh; TaPTmhr thcgr Phyehi-guugbhu/ zg thl uuh T nTi ayhhytuh; T PkTyp†rng tui Truo tho ≈ T dTbmgr guko puingbgr tui pruhgi/ T nTi rgsy nhy TzTi thnPgy tuiv,nsvw chi thl mudgeungi mu sgr PkTyp†rng tuisgrvgry pubgo rgsbgr Tzgkfg shcurho Tz thl chiaHgr bhy pTrmhygry dguu†ri: gr v†y nna dgd†xi Pgltui auugck tuhpi Prgzhsgby pui sh pTrthhbheyg ayTyitui tuh; sgr dTbmgr rgdhrubd tui pTrgbshey zi rgsgv†y gr nhy sh uugrygr:kTbd kgci z†k sh e†nubhx-

yhag PTryhh thi Tngrheg!/// †y s†x vhhxy T prkTbs/ egbxy rgsi Tphku egdi sgr rgdhrubd!

Tjrui Tjrui jçhç: pui zhby thl v†c †bdgvuhci khhg-bgiw v†c thl aygbshe nebt dguugi sh arcgr/ thcgrvuhPy uu†x zhh zggi zhhgrg bgngi dgsruey/ uu†x uu†kythl bhy Tuugedgdgci mu zgi n˙i b†ngi dgsruey auuTr.tuh; uux! dgvTy T v†pgbubd: zgi dgsruey n˙i b†ngithcgr Ti Tryhekw T sgrmhhkubd †sgr T khs ≈ s†x uugkthl yTeg bhy//// glw uugi thl z†k egbgi zgi n˙i b†ngidgsruey thi T zaurbTkw uuh Ti tn,gr arcgr!†bdgarhci T pTck thi drTngi tui Tuugedgahey gx muodruhxi eubsx ]T vun†rhxyhag myubd uu†x thz Truhx-dgdTbdgi 9091-72[/ thi TP†r uu†fiTruo ≈ n˙i pTckthz †Pdgsruey! ngr b†l: thbgo xTng tuhcb†i pubgoagr-ckTy zbgi dguugi tuhxdgrgfby sh bgngi pui TkgnhyTrcgygr pubgo zaurbTk tui muuhai zhh thz tuhl n˙ib†ngi dguugi! tuhc thl v†c uugi gx thz thi n˙i kgcidgphky sgo ygo pui dkhe tui prhhsw thz s†x dguugi!

aPgygr v†c thl †bdgvuhci sruei vun†rgxegxwkhskglw pgkhgy†bskglw uuhmi tui uugrykgl thi pTrah-sgbg myubdgi tui zaurbTkiw †cgr s†x thz auhi dguugiIg ngygr †uu pgey"/ ehhi prhhsw ehhi mhygr/ thcgrdg-khhgbyw tuhxdgabhyi tui grdg. Tuugedgkhhdy/

mu Tçrvo xumeguugrx 09xyi dgcuhri-h†rw nhysr h†r murhew v†y gs e†kegr zhl tubygrdg-bungi †Pmudgci Fçus sgo P†gy/ e†kegr thz TcTeTbygr ehbxykgrw nhy uugre tuhxdgaygkygthi jauçg nuzhhgi thi bhu-h†rew phkTsgkphgwxy†ev†ko tTz"uu T kgrgr pui eubxyw tuhl thi

bhu-h†re tui phkTsgkphg tui T dguuhbgr pui sgr dudgbvhho-xyhPgbshg/

pui sgo thz Truhxdgeungi Ti Tkc†o nhy khy†drTphgx mu 72 xumeguugrx khsgrw x tuh; hHshaw x thcgrdgzgmy tuh; gbdkha pui s"r cgrk zun†; )zgi hshgu,w bun' 691w zungr 3002(/ sh tuhpkTdg thz T cTdrgbgmyg pui ckuhz 09 gezgnPkTri/

thmy thz Truhx b†l Ti Tkc†oe†kegrx kFçus xumeguugriw nhy khsgrpubgo mhek IvgkpTbsi c bTfy"w tuhlnhy e†kegrx †rhdhbgkg khy†drTphgx tuituhl thi T cTdrgbgmygr m†k gezgn-PkTri/ Tzuh uuh sgr Tkc†o thzw †cgrwckuhz tuh; gbdkhaw uugki nhr s† thcgr-sruei s†x grayg khs pubgo mhek/ sgrmhek thz muo grayi n†k dguugi dg-sruey thi zi †sg mu sgr yuhc)5591(/

uuh ng egi khhgbgi v†y zhl xumeguugrthbxPhrhry pui T bxhgv thi 0591 thcgr

bgr xumeguugr-cTbs

tuhy†ch†drTphg ]vnal pui z' t[

uuhkxy T Pgrpgeyi

ngbya dgphbgi?

tuhc Tzuh ≈ chxyu bhay

co zhbgi/

* * *

nhy T ngbya

uu†x e†i bhay kTfi

e†i ngi

d†rbhay nTfi/

* * *

si zFrui v†y †bdgvuhci

T chxk tubygrmuergbegi?

z†d ckuhz sgo tn,w

uugxyu T xl bhay

sTrpi dgsgbegi/

* * *

vhy zhl pTr T ngbya

uu†x ≈ vhy zhl bhay/

* * *

sgow uugngi ehbsgr

v†ci pby ≈

uuhk thl bhay

v†ci pTr T prbs/

* * *

uuhkxy T xl kgrbgi?

eue bhay Tri thi T

cul`

eue Tri thi zhl/

* * *

sgr uugd muo tn, ≈

phry surl ayruhfk-

ayhhbgr

pui ygu,ho/

* * *

surl uuTrpi anu. tuh;

hgbgo ≈

uugry ngi bhay rhhi/

eur.w ekudw aTr;w ckhmhe)p†ruugryxw sgo 5yi TPrhk 5891(

]vnal tuh; z' s[

h zungr-Pr†drTo thi hHshagraPrTlw khygrTyur tui eukyur

t"b turhtk uubrl thz sh gkyxygtui cgxyg pui sgo nhi )tuhc nhrngdi kuhci zhl Tkhhi(/ zh v†y zhl †b-dgvuhci thbgo h†r 8691 nhy T ekhh-bgr m†k xyusgbyi tui muuhh kgrgrx)nrsfh agfygr tui hTbek nTyhx†;(/surl sh h†ri thz zh zhl vhPakglmguu†exi tui mhhky thmy 05-06xyusgbyi nhy phbg; pukmyhegkgrgrx )vh†r: jbv d†ba†rw uugrTxTc†w crufv eTPkTiw huszahi †rgb-ayhhi tui açg muegr(w uuh tuhlanugxekTxiw rgpgrTyiw kgemhgxuugdi p†raTrcgyw uugdi dgzTbdwygb. tui ygTygrw hHshag phkngitTz"uu/ sh vh†rheg zungr-Pr†drTouugy zhl †bvhhci sgo 62xyihubh tuizhl gbshei sgo 4yi tuhduxy thi thr uugki zhl cTyhhkhei hubdg )tuiuuhbmhegr hubdg!( xyusgbyi tui xyu-sgbyegx pui thcgr sgruugky: mpui-Tngrhegw thhr†Pgwhårtkw tpartuhl sruo-Tngrheg tui tuhxyrTkhg/

nhr euei Truhx tuh; Pubey TzTkgcgsheiw gbgrdhaiw aTpgrhai mh-cur xyusgbyi uuh thi prHgrshegh†ri/ tuhc muuhai tubszgrg khhgbgrxzgbgi s† cgkbho mu ayushri ctubsz thi sgr zungr-Pr†drTowz†kizhh zhl uugbsi muo hHuu† tuhpi ygkg-p†i-bungr 8316-492-212 †sgr tuhpickhmTsrgx /

pTr sh h†ri uu†x x'Trcgy tub-szgr zungr-Pr†drTo thz tuhpdg-eungi bhay thhi e†beurgby: thigbdkTbsw prTberlw hårtkw khygtTz"uu/ thz s†x Tuusth T druhxgre†nPkhngby tuh; tubszgr Tsrgxwuu†x Tzuh phk yugi tubsz b†l/ shbxyg e†beurgbyeg tubszgrg thzsh zungr-Pr†drTo thbgo ≤k-†çhçgrtubhuugrxhygyw uu†x vhhcy zhl †isgo zungrw 6002w cau≤pu, nhyich,-akuo-gkhfo/ sh uuhkbgr zungr-Pr†drTow uu†x zh v†y pTrpgky Th†rw uugy zhl vh†r cTbgi/ thiTnvgrxy v†y sh IbTmh†bTkg hHshagchfgr-mgbyrTkg" tuhl tuhxdgcrhhy-

gry thr zungr-Pr†drTo/ Tzuh Tzsgo zungr uugki thcgr sgr uugkyzhl kgrbgi vgfgr vubsgry xyu-sgbyi hHshag aPrTlw khygrTyurtui eukyur tuh; Ti thbygbxhuui tupi/uu†x ngr x'thz s† zungr-Pr†drT-ngiw Tk. ngr thz s† cgkbho zhlkgrbgi hHsha/ uuhbyai nhr th TkgIe†beurgbyi"w th tubszgr Pr†drTodruhx vmkjv ≈ tubszgr TkgngbxTrcgy thz zhhgr duy pTr sgrhHshagr aPrTlw pTr sgr p†raubdpui hHsha tui pTri hHshai p†ke!

chshgu, pui hHuu† 102 prhkhbd 6002

b˙gx

sh zungr-Pr†drTo tui thrg e†beurgbyi

h ygd thz dguu†ri vubsgry h†r Tky nrsfh mTbhi ≈arcgrw zaurbTkhxyw rgsTey†rw egnpgrhagr

hHshahxy/ FsTh mu sgrmhhki tubszgrg khhgbgrx T chxkpui mTbhbx ch†drTphg/

mTbhi thz dgcuhri dguu†ri sgo 1yi TPrhk 6091 thbgoaygyk x†egk†uug )Ix†e†k†uu-P†skTxeh"(w T 02 n˙ktuh; nhzrj pui uuTrag 1291-9391 v†y gr dguuuhby thiuuTrag/ uugi x'v†y tuhxdgcr†fi sh muuhhyg uugky-nk-jnv thz gr Tbyk†pi thbgo x†uugyi-pTrcTbs tui zhlsgrak†di ehhi tr.-hårtk/ zhby sgn†ky uuuhby grs†ryi/

thi uuTrag thz gr dguu†ri T arcgrw zaurbTkhxytui T mha†-yugr/ gr v†y dgsruey rgP†ryTzaiw sgr-mhhkubdgiw r†nTbgi tui erhyhe tui dguugi T nhyTr-cgygr thi T drgxgrgr m†k hHshag myubdgi/ b†fi

cTzgmi zhl thi tr.-hårtkv†y gr muzTngbdgTrcgy this†ryheg hHshag tui vgcrg-Hag myubdgiw dguugi Thårtk-e†rgxP†bsgby pubgop†ruugryx tui zhl dgsrueythi gykgfg Tbsgrg myub-dgi thcgr sgr uugky/ thi

5491-6491 thz mTbhi Trundgp†ri thcgri jruçi hHshaiPuhki tui dgsruey uugdi sgo rgP†ryTzai thbgo p†r-uugryx ≈ aPgygr Truhx thi cufp†rgo t"y thcgrayhhi tui ay†e/ thi nal pui zi kTbdgr eTrhgrg v†y gr Truhxdgdgci b†l T xl chfgrw uu†x uugdi zhhegi ngi khhgbgi thbgo kgexhe†i pui sgr bgr hHshagrkhygrTyur tui thbgo nhkutho-cTbs pui cgrk Fvi/

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