Yixuan HeENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Collection of all of an animal’s hormone-secreting cellSecretes hormones to maintain homeostasis

FUNCTION

Regulation of an internal environment Maintains a stable, relatively constant condition

Temperature PH

Main job in endocrine system is to maintain homeostasis by balancing hormones.

If homeostasis is not maintained, the basic physical and chemical parameters of the body can become disordered, which can lead to cell death or illness of the entire body.

HOMEOSTASIS

A primary mechanism of homeostasis. Whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.

Example: secretion of more aldosterone, a hormone, to absorb more

mineral salt during reabsorption in kidney if the osmotic pressure in blood is low.

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Cell signaling is a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions.

The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their microenvironment

Basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as normal tissue homeostasis.

Insulin and glucagon are hormones that regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood. When blood glucose exceed level of 90/100mg, insulin is

released. Its effects lower glucose concentration. When blood glucose drops below set level, glucagon is

released. Its effects rise glucose concentration.

CELL SIGNALING MECHANISM

DIABETES

Diabetes I Diabetes II

• Body is not producing insulin

• Body destroys insulin producing beta cells

• 15% of all diabetic patients have Diabetes I

• Not preventable• Usually occurs

before age 40

• Body is not responding properly to insulin

• Usually developed because the patient is overweight or unfit

• Usually occurs later in life

• Metabolism disorder

• the glucose in the blood-stream does not enter cell

A condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone.

Symptom: Diffi culty concentrating, fatigue, diarrhea, thyroid nodules,

heat intolerance, increased appetite, increased sweating, nervousness, restlessness weight loss

Signs: High systolic blood pressure (the first number in a blood

pressure reading), hyperactive reflexes, increased heart rate, thyroid enlargement, tremor

Treatment: Anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine, surgery to

remove the thyroid Prevalence

Estimated at 2% for women and 0.2% for men.

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Medscape.org http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/438374

AP Biology Textbook Campbell, Neil A., Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain,

Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, and Robert B. Jackson. AP Edition: Biology. New York: Benjamin/Cummings, 2008.

PubMed Health http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001396/

#adam_000356.disease.symptoms Turnbridge  WM, Evered  DC, Hall  R, Appleton  D, Brewis  M,

Clark  F, et al.  The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey.  Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) .  1977;7:481–93.

Image http://images.emedicinehealth.com/images/illustrations/

endocrine_system.jpg

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