"you'd better werk". camp representations of rupaul's drag race in spanish subtitles

You better werk. Camp representations of Rupauls Drag Race in Spanish

Subtitles

Ivn Villanueva JordnUniversidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas

Conference for the 60th Anniversary of MTA 1955-2015Translation's horizons: back to the future

FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH CAMP IN TRANSLATION

Ethnographic work with Peruvian drag queens (Lima, 2013) on gender discourses, performance and performativity.

Research Informant/gatekeeper changed her professional name several times in a 6-month period.

Tyra Fox (professional/artistic name)Tyra Refox (first change of name)Tyra Extravaganza Refox (second change of name: longer)(Extravagnaza. Noun used by American drag queens.)(Longer names according to American drag conventions.)

Tyra and other fellow drag queens gathered periodically to watch RuPauls Drag Race (on-line streaming, fansubbed episodes)

Influence of subtitled episodes in the use of language: Peruvian drag queensadopted and adapted the language they could hear and read to their colloquialinteractions and the ways they (re)presented themselves.

Villanueva Jordn - RPDR Subtitles 220/08/15

WHO IS RUPAUL? WHAT IS RUPAULS DRAG RACE?

20/08/15 Villanueva Jordn - RPDR Subtitles 3

Reality television show (U.S.A.)Drag queen competitionSeven seasons (2009 2015...)

Academic impact Essays published in different journals (Gender,

Media, Cultural Studies) First book of essays, The Makeup of RuPauls

Drag Race (Daems, 2014) Usual discussions: Postmodern identities, camp

and kitsch aesthetics, gender/transgenderstudies, cultural representations, new normal,etcetera.

Availability

U. S. A. LOGOPeru & LatAm. NETFLIX -> professional subtitles

On-line -> non-prof. subtitles

RPDRA | Season 6 | Episode 1 | An example of camp talk



GAYSPEAK(Starting in the 1940s, the way sexual minorities use language has been of interest to different

disciplines [linguistics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, literary theory, etc.])

Gay. Sexual identity

+General

Related to the way gay subjects speak considering the following variables:

LexiconSemanticsIntonation

Syntax

(and other language categories related to descriptive linguistics)

Camp. Aesthetics related to gay identity

+Specific

Related to strategic speech used by gay subjects in particular situations based on a shared cultural background.

PragmaticsSemiotics

PoliticsPoetics

Discourse

Categories used for sociolinguistic studiesand critical discourse analysis

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GAYSPEAK & CAMP TALK


GENDER, CAMP AND TRANSLATIONA quick review of advances on this matter

Translation Studies and Gender Studies (1980 2000s)Influences: Feminism (second wave) and neofeminisms, visibilization effortsIssues: Overgeneralization or biased understanding of gender as woman

Translation and queerQueering Translation (Conference in Vienna, 2015), Spurlin (2014)Children literature and manipulation (Villanueva, 2011), Mazzei (2007)Work from the social sciences about the translation of queer (semantics and language transfer)

Translation and identitiesHarvey (2000a; 2000b; 2000c; 2002; 2003; 2014)

Camp, Camp talk, identity and community makeup through translation, American gay literature (1970) translated into French

Ranzato (2014) Gayspeak, camp talk, dubbing, English-Italian

TRALIMA Research group, Basque CountryThe representation of woman/women in audiovisual translated products


ANALYZING CAMP REPRESENTATIONS IN RPDRMethodology used to analyze the Spanish subtitles of RPDR

Descriptive study based on a contrastive / comparative corpus

Textual universe 2 episodes from season 6 (propositive sampling)(Luna, 2002) Complete dialogue lists in English and Spanish (professional

subtitles and non-professional subtitles)

General corpus All camp segments form the English dialogue listClassification according to different categories of camp talk

Specific corpus Representative sampling of camp segments in English and Spanish versions (TT1: professional, and TT2, non-professional)

Identification of translation shifts between ST and TT1, and ST and TT2Contrast of translational variations between TT1 and TT2


GENERAL CORPUS CLASSIFICATION CHART(Harvey 2000a adapted by Villanueva)

ESTRATEGIA EVIDENCIA LINGUSTICA DESCRIPCIN

ParadojaUso contradictorio de valores y significados

Incongruencia en el registro Mezcla de campos o dialectos en un enunciado.

Explicitacin e implicitacinCoocurrencia de referencias explcitas e implcitas sobre temas que se discutan.

Alta cultura vs cultura popularUso de referencias culturales elitistas para hablar de experiencias cotidianas.

Inversin, irona o sarcasmoRelacin inversa (inesperada) de signos

Sustantivos propios con marcas de gnero

Uso de sustantivo propios con marcas de gnero opuestas a las del sujeto nombrado.

Marcadores de gnero gramaticales

Concordancia de categoras gramaticales vinculadas con los sustativos de referencia: sustantivos y adjetivos, determinantes y sustantivos, pronombres y sustantivos.

Rutinas retricas inesperadasUsos idiolectales de la lengua que se oponen a patrones como frases hechas

Sistema de valores establecido Enunciados que se oponen a un sistema de valores compartidoUsos de cortesa Falsa empata o solidaridad ambivalente

Humor lingsticoActitud ldica relacionada con la forma y el significado de la lengua

Conciencia lingstica elevada

Denominacin motivadaSobrenombres o calificativos que se basan en caractersticas del sujeto u objeto nombrado; tienen una carga teatral e irnica elevada.

Juegos de palabras Juegos de palabras basados en su forma o significados.

Fuerza pragmtica Dobles sentidosReferencias sexuales veladas por usos de la lengua o enunciados sin implicancias sexuales usuales.


ESTRATEGIA EVIDENCIA LINGUSTICA

DESCRIPCIN

ParodiaCitacin de enunciados con fines transgresores

Maneras aristocrticas Uso del francs Uso del francs con el fin de lograr el efecto de refinamiento.

Feminidad por

InsinuacinSe plantea que uno de los interlocutores es femenino o demasiado femenino mediante el uso de un sustantivo no relacionado

HiprboleSe plantea que un sujeto tiene acciones o realiza actos femeninos mediante referentes hiperblicos

Exclamacin Teatracalidad de las expresiones, alzar la voz

VocativosFormas de referirse al interlocutor como si se tratara de un camarada del cotilleo

Saber comunitarioUso de palabras y referencias culturales que demuestran pertenencia a la comunidad.

Unidad semiticaLxica Se utilizan palabras del sociolecto camp en un enunciado.Extralingstica Se hace referencia a un elementos culturales de la identidad gay.

GENERAL CORPUS CLASSIFICATION CHART(Harvey 2000a adapted by Villanueva)


Classification and contrast

# Source Text Target text 1 (professional) Target text 2 (non-professional)

15 Gia is a fishy girl. She is C.C.C. Crazy, coo coo, cunt.Gia tiene pinta de pescado. Es CCC. Cuchi Caliente Cucu.

Gia es una chica caliente. Ella es C.C.C. Crazy, Cuckoo, Cunt.

17 She was really living for herself, girl. Estaba sobreviviendo!Ella realmente vive para s misma, chica.

19 Come on season six. Lets get six-y. Sexta temporada, pongmonos sexty!Vamos temporada 6, seamos feroces.

20 Yes, bitch, work. S, zorra, trabaja. S, perra, WORK!78 You got shemail. Tienen correo de RuPaul. SHEMAIL!

79

We keep interrupt this kiki to bring you a special bulletin. [] So, dont adjust your sets because this extravaganza is been broadcast in H.D.S. Thats High Definition Shade. []

Las interrumpimos para darles un boletn especial. [] As que no ajusten sus televisores porque este espectculo es transmitido en S.A.D. Sombra de Alta Definicin.

Interrumpimos este KIKI, para darles un boletn especial. [] As que no ajuste sus sets, porque extravaganza est siendo transmitida en H.D.S. eso es HIGH DEFINITION SHADE.


Classification and contrast

# Source Text Target text 1 (professional) T2(non-professional) Shifts

120 Condragulations,Laganja. Felicitaciones, Laganja.Condragulaciones, Laganja

250

Welcome to the main stage of Americas got Charisma, Uniqueness, Nerve and Talent. [C.U.N.T.]

Bienvenidos al escenario de: Amrica tiene carisma, originalidad, coraje y talento.

Parte superior de la pantalla entre corchetes [America tiene Carisma, Singularidad, Osada y Talento]

Bienvenidos al escenario principal de Americas Got Charisma, Uniqueness, Nerve & Talent.

271My legs are bronzed and tanned for the gods. Serving Kim K. realness.

Mis piernas estn bronceadas para los dioses, hacindole honor a la veracidad de Kim K.

Mis piernas estn bronceadas y curtidas por los dioses, sirviendo Kim K Realness.


GENERAL FINDINGS

RPDR professional subtitles and non-professional subtitles differ in various ways.[Netflix] Professional subtitles usually miss the point of camp statements.

Semiotic and pragmatic elements are lost in translation (maybe because they were never found).

These subtitles also try to recreate humor cues through the generalization of some cultural/community-specific referents. However, most of the time, these new signs are not related or relevant for the scenes or even for RPDR general content.

[Funsubs] Non-professional subtitles of RPDR vary in qualityNot all dialogues are translated (possibly related to linguistic competences)As different subtitles of the same episodes coexist: subtitling protocols cannot be identifiedThere is some tendency to borrow words (gay/drag lexicon)Literal translations are regular in the case of semiotic/pragmatic or other llinguistic constraints


FINAL COMMENTS

On the function of subtitlesSubtitles are more accessible for non-professionals (fans, specialists, activists)Subtitles can be define not only from a technical perspective (constraints)They can be regarded as an expression of agency:

Representations of what they understand and want other to understand as well.

Subtitles have started to play a role in the social construction of identities:Self-representation, symbolic playAffective communities (practice communities, as in this study)Political activismSocial activism(Prez-Gonzales, 2014; Ho, 2009; Daz-Cintas, 2015)

On the translation of campDrag queen used to be translated as travesti or transformista (Spanish)Camp is present in the media more than ever (2000 till now)A diachronic study of the translation of camp into Spanish may be needed to see how language has changed.

Thank you.

Special thanks to Lourdes Quiroz.

Ivn Villanueva Jordn

Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas

[email protected]

"you'd better werk". camp representations of rupaul's drag race in spanish subtitles

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