young women knowledge gaps about rh in cairo eman t. el-hadary, researcher social research center...
TRANSCRIPT
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Young Women Knowledge Gaps about RH in Cairo
Eman T. El-Hadary, Researcher Social Research Center The American University in Cairo
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Content
PubertyCircumcision STIsPre-Marital Tests Media Habits
Awareness
Knowledge
Sources
Attitudes
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Knowledge about Puberty Symptoms in Females
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Menstrual cycleBreast growth Body changes
Increased weight Increased heightUnderarm hair
Pubic hairAcne
Voice changeOthers
Don't know
82%73%
68%24%
22%21%20%
10%8%
1%
8%
Awareness of Puberty Symptoms
Mean3
symptoms
Knowledge of
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Tota
l
Never-
marr
ied
Marr
ied
18
+
Earl
y M
arr
ied
Dep
rived
Not
Dep
rived
10
-14
15
-18
19
-24
25
-29
No E
du
Som
e E
du
T.
Sec.
G.
Sec.
Un
i.+
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Total
Marital S. Resi-dence
Age Education Wealth Index
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0
By socio-economic background
Knowledge of
Notes: Women with no educational background are primarily young girls at primary
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• Average age at puberty is 13 years of age*
• Majority of young women agreed that the menstrual periods are a symptoms that the body disposing bad blood. However there are 33% of all women didn’t know why women experience menstrual cycle.
• The remaining 13% mentioned other reasons among which are hormonal changes, disposing excess blood and to prepare a womb to receive a fetus.
• Among the uneducated , 68% didn’t know why they have periods, and it is 74% among the 10 – 14.
• Lack of knowledge is also associated with economic status and place of residence.
Notes: * 15% of women surveyed have not reached puberty yet. 2% DK age at puberty
Knowledge of
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Total
Never Married
Married 18+
Early Married
No Edu
Some Edu
T. Sec.
G. Sec
Uni+
10-14
15-18
19-24
25-29
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Never heard of it Heard of it Know about it
Knowledge of Awareness regarding menstrual cycles at first time
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Never heard Heard Known Total0
102030405060708090
100 93
3826
57
3
26
19
4
33
68
31
0 3 5 2
Shocked/ scared Didn't know what to doIndifferent happy
Knowledge of Young Women Reaction when they first got their menstrual cycles: 57% of young women were shocked, scared or cried
It was inversely associated with economic status
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Source of Information about menstrual cycles
Knowledge of Personal Hygiene
49
25
12 122
Knowledge of Young Women Reaction when they first got their menstrual cycles: 57% of young women were shocked, scared or cried
Mother Sisters On her own
Others
80
9 83
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Who informed you about me. Cycles?
Who taught about personal hygiene?
49
25
12 12
2
Knowledge of Mothers followed by family members are the main source of information or consultation for young women
80
9 83
Who would consult if you have a
problem?
Mother
No one
Doctor Others
44
2820
8
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Knowledge about Circumcision
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Have you heard of circumcision? Are you
Circumcised?* Age 15
2
64
34
YesNoCircumcisedNot Circumcised
Knowledge of
Average age
10.4
Estimated prevalence of female genital mutilation in girls and women in Egypt (2008) / 15 – 49 years: 91%
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Total
Deprived
Not Depr
Never Married
Married 18+
Early Married
No Edu
Some Edu
T. Sec.
G. Sec
Uni+
15-18
19-24
25-29
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Circumcised Not Circumcised Series3
Who are circumcised?
Knowledge of
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By Who? Where? • 56% has been circumcised by
a doctor.
• This proportion decreased to 53% among deprived areas residents compared to 66% among non-deprived areas residents.
• Poorest women are the least likely to be circumcised by a doctor (38%) compared to 77% among young women in the richest quintile.
• Uneducated women (30%) are less likely to be circumcised by a doctor compared to women with any level of education, reaching to 70% among university educated.
• 45% of circumcisions happened in hospitals.
• Young women living in deprived areas, uneducated and from poor background are less likely to be circumcised in a hospital.
• Early married women were less likely to be circumcised in a hospital (29%) as oppose to those who married at older age (41%) and 52% among never married young women.
Knowledge of
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Have you heard of circumcision? Are you
Circumcised?* Age 15
Perception and Intention for future Practice
2
64
34
YesNoCircumcisedNot Circumcised
Inte
nd
ing
Not
inte
nd
ing
DK
Imp
.
Not
Imp
.
DK
Intention to circumcision importance
4156
4940 34
27
8
91
10 7
63
3030
6958
28
44
28
Circumcised Not CircumcisedAll
Knowledge of
Average age
10.4
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Perception towards circumcision
Intention to practice circumcision on baby girls
• 28% of young women believed that circumcision is important, while 44% of them believed that it is not important and 28% reported that they are undecided “neither important nor not important.”
• The importance of circumcision was negatively related to education, wealth and place of residence
• Among residents of deprived areas 33% maintained the perception of the importance of circumcision compared to 17% among non-deprived areas residents
• 30% of young women intend to circumcised their daughters in the future. This proportion increases to 34% among deprived areas residents and decreases to 20% among residents of non-deprived area
• 55% of early married young women intend to circumcise their daughters compared to 44% among those who married 18 years and older and 20% among never married young women.
• 57% of uneducated young women intend to circumcise their daughter compared to 20% of university educated young women.
• 43% of the poorest young women intend to circumcise their daughter compared to only 16% among the richest young women.
Knowledge of
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Knowledge about STIs
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Have you heard of STIs?
If someone in the family was affected with HIV/AIDS, should people know
about it?
Knowledge of
42
58
Yes No
STIs almost synonymous to HIV/AIDs, 97% identified HIV/AIDS as one, followed
22% syphilis,13% gonorrhea and 5%Hipatisis B
3440
12 14
Have you heard of HIV/AIDS?
4357
Yes No
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TotalDeprivedNot Depr
Never MarriedMarried 18+
Early Married No Edu
Some EduT. Sec.G. Sec
Uni+10-1415-18 19-2425-29
Q1Q2Q3Q4Q5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Aware Not Aware
Who knows about STIs?
Knowledge of
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Knowledge of STIs prevention methods
How can HIV/AIDS be transmitted?
A B C DK Other
2
65
6
27
5S
exu
al
co..
.
Blo
od
tra
...
Con
tam
in..
.
By d
eli
very
By b
reast
...
Oth
er
DK
8672
32
4 2 2 3
Knowledge of
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Knowledge about Marital Pre-Testing
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TotalDeprivedNot Depr
Never MarriedMarried 18+
Early Married No Edu
Some EduT. Sec.G. Sec
Uni+10-1415-18 19-2425-29
Q1Q2Q3Q4Q5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Aware Not Aware
Who knows about pre-marital tests?
Knowledge of
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Approving of the marital pretesting
Why would you conduct a pre-marital testing?
Treat diseases
To check on fertility
Blood mismatch
Consanguinity effect
For check up
Contract AIDs
contraception use
Other
DK
44
42
32
29
6
4
2
1
9
Knowledge of
93
24
Yes No DK
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Media Habits
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They are gradated form G. Secondary & above, living in deprived, from the richest 2
quintiles.
3 hours /
Average
56% owns a
computer
43% use internet
services
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Notes: Women with no educational background are primarily young girls at primary
Sat. TV Discuss with people
Internet search
Local TV National Newspapers
Oppodition Newspapers
Radio
69
54
35
14
4 3 2
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Discussion• Young women are exposed to many incidents
(Circumcision, puberty, STIs, & pre-martial testing) and might be vulnerable due to lack of knowledge.
• In terms of awareness levels , one can easily observe that socio-economic background was closely correlated with almost all the issues presented.
• Special attention need to be given to girls aged 10-14, since they are at the age bracket of puberty with minimal information
• It is evident that education plays a vital role in raising women’s awareness regarding circumcision, STIs and pre-marital testing.
• Factors of deprivation and poverty have been also identified as factors that hinders women abiltiy to know
• Understanding the gaps and channels of communication, further study need to address the means to raise young women awareness.
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Thank you