your name great britain in the 16 th century background and chapter 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Great Britain in the 16th Century
Background and Chapter 1
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Religion• Up to 16th century, almost all Europeans
were Catholic• 1517: Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses
(complaints) to the door of his church– Criticized Catholic Church (simony, “unholy”
clergy, indulgences, language of the Bible)– Begins the Protestant Reformation
• Protestant = protestor against Catholic Church• Reformation = period of change (reform=change)
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Martin Luther
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Protestant Reformation• Spreads from Germany throughout
Europe– Luther’s followers called Lutherans– Other Protestant groups include
Zwinglians, Anabaptists, Calvinists, and Anglicans• Calvinism: From Switzerland to Scotland• Anglicanism: Developed in England
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Catholic Reaction
• Catholic Church launches Counter-Reformation– Changes made within the Catholic Church– Jesuit Order formed to protect and spread
Catholicism (education and missionaries)– Crack-down on Church corruption, make it
more “holy”• Better clergy, no more indulgences, etc.
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Protestants vs. Catholics• Some European leaders Catholic, some
Protestant• Many wars fought between, and within,
countries over religion– Peasants’ War, Schmalkaldic Wars, Thirty
Years’ War, French Wars of Religion, Dutch Revolt, Battle of Kappel, etc.
• Members of both religions persecuted, tortured, forcibly converted, or killed
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Spread of Protestantism
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Differences between Catholics and Protestants:
• Catholic– God can only hear
your prayer through a priest
• Protestant– You can call and
talk to God directly.
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In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key
Differences between Catholics and Protestants:• Catholic
– The Pope is the closest living person to Jesus on earth
• Protestant– There is no belief in a Pope
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In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key
Differences between Catholics and Protestants:
• Catholic– Churches are very
fancy, services are done in Latin and the priests back is to the people
• Protestant– Churches are plain,
priests speak in regular language and dress plainly
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In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key
Differences between Catholics and Protestants:
• Catholic– There is ONE Catholic
Church
• Protestant– There are
HUNDREDS of Protestant Churches
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In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key
Differences between Catholics and Protestants:
• Catholic– Priests, nuns & monks
celibate
• Protestant– Preachers allowed to
marry
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1450 – 1485 – War of the Roses• Britain in civil war
– fought between 2 noble families• Yorkists (white) and Lancastrians (red)
– winner would choose the king.– Britain becomes weak and poor
• 1485 – Henry Tudor defeats Richard III– proclaims himself King Henry VII– left country strong and rich
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Richard III Today
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The British Monarchy• 1509: Henry VIII becomes King of
England, Wales, and Lord of Ireland (Scotland was independent)– “Renaissance man” – educated, artistic,
athletic– Feuded with Catholic Church
• First wife does not bear him a son, Henry wants a divorce
– Only the Pope can grant a divorce, but refuses
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Religion in Britain
• Henry and his Parliament pass a law– Church of England (Catholic, but
becoming Protestant) could grant divorces– Henry is the head of the C of E, divorce
granted, Henry remarries– Henry makes many enemies
• Pope and Catholic countries (Spain, France) angry
• Henry closes monasteries in England
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1509 – Henry VIII becomes kingDissolution of Monasteries
King of England
head of the Church, not
the pope
Bible in English – not
Latin
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One Big, Happy Family
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Henry VIII’s Kids Take Over• Edward VI (King 1547-1553)
– King at age 10, dies when 16– Strongly Protestant, reforms Church of
England– No children
• Mary I (Queen 1553-1558)– Strongly Catholic, persecutes Protestants– Nicknamed “Bloody Mary”– Marries King Phillip II of Spain, no children
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Henry VIII’s Kids Take Over
• Elizabeth I (Queen 1558-1603)– Protestant, but more of a politician
• Wants to get Protestants and Catholics on her side
• Her Anglican C of E blends Protestant beliefs with Catholic rituals/organization
– Never married, no children– Kept Britain strong despite many threats
• Spain, France, Scotland, debt, religious conflict
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A Wild Ride
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