Your Questoins!

Your Questoins!

Limiting Factor vs. Range of ToleranceLimiting Factor vs. Range of Tolerance

Limiting factors are things that prevent a population from growing any larger.

A macronutrientPredatorsLandRainfallProximity to others of the same speciesTemperatureSunlightpH Level

Range of Tolerance: the specific requirements for a population to live.

Example: Temperature, salinity, sunlight, pH

DDT and BioaccumulationDDT and Bioaccumulation(absorbed or (absorbed or

stored in organs)stored in organs) and and BiomagnificationBiomagnification (through a food chain)(through a food chain)

Fig. 11-4p. 231

Food web vs. Food chainFood web vs. Food chain

ENERGY PYRAMID ENERGY PYRAMID Energy is Energy is lostlost with each trophic with each trophic

~90% “lost”, is released to the environment as heat~90% “lost”, is released to the environment as heat ~10% of the energy is used~10% of the energy is used

Only about Only about 10% of the 10% of the

energy from energy from one level is one level is

passed on to passed on to the next levelthe next level

90%

90%

90%

10%

10%

10%

Ecosphere or BiosphereEcosphere or Biosphere All earth's ecosystemsAll earth's ecosystems

Ecosystem Ecosystem Community of different species Community of different species

interacting with one another and interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment with their nonliving environment of matter and energyof matter and energy

CommunityCommunity Complex interacting network of Complex interacting network of

plants, animals, and plants, animals, and microorganismsmicroorganisms

Habitat Habitat Place where a population or Place where a population or

individual organism naturally livesindividual organism naturally lives Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity

Populations that are dynamic Populations that are dynamic groups that change in size, age groups that change in size, age distribution, density, and genetic distribution, density, and genetic composition as a result of composition as a result of changes in environmental changes in environmental conditionsconditions

PopulationPopulation Group of interacting individuals of Group of interacting individuals of

the same species that occupy a the same species that occupy a specific area at the same timespecific area at the same time

Systems – matter & energy flowSystems – matter & energy flow

• Open systemOpen system- - allows allows energy and energy and mass to pass across the system boundary.mass to pass across the system boundary.

• Closed system- allows energy but not mass across its system boundary.

BiomassBiomass Dry weight of all organic matter contained in Dry weight of all organic matter contained in

organisms.organisms. Biomass is measured in dry weight Biomass is measured in dry weight

Water is not source of energy or nutrient Water is not source of energy or nutrient Biomass of first trophic levels is dry mass of all Biomass of first trophic levels is dry mass of all

producersproducers Useable energy transferred as biomass varies from Useable energy transferred as biomass varies from

5%-20% (10% standard)5%-20% (10% standard)

Pyramid of BiomassPyramid of BiomassStorage of biomass at various trophic levels Storage of biomass at various trophic levels

of ecosystemof ecosystem

Pyramid of NumbersPyramid of Numbers

Number of organisms at each trophic levelNumber of organisms at each trophic level