yuse jed 2015 interview

The Journal of Electronic Defense

TheElectronicWarfarePublicationwww.crows.org

JUNE 2015 Vol. 38 No. 6

Also in this issue: Technology Survey: RWR/ESM Systems

Fighter Aircraft

Missile Warning for

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NewsThe Monitor 15

HASC Report on FY2016 DOD Budget Recognizes Critical Importance of EW.

World Report 20 New RWR for Italys NH90 Helos Moving Forward.

FeaturesMissile Warning for

Fighter Aircraft 26 John Haystead For a variety of reasons, including advanced IR

threats, fighter aircraft users are expected to show a new interest in missile warning systems over the next several years. At the same time, the EW solution may involve more than simple missile warning systems. JED takes a look at whats on the horizon in missile warning for fighter aircraft.

Technology Survey: RWR/ESM Systems 39

Ollie Holt This month, we are focusing on radar warning

receivers (RWRs) and electronic support measures (ESM) systems, which have evolved significantly over the past decade.

2015 AOC Election Guide 55 The AOC members guide to the candidates, voting

procedures and timelines for this years AOC Board of Directors elections.

Departments 6 The View From Here 8 Conferences Calendar 10 Courses Calendar 12 From the President 22 Leadership Interview 48 EW 101 61 AOC News 65 Index of Advertisers 66 JED Quick Look



June 2015 Volume 38, Issue 6

Cover and contents photos courtesy US Navy.

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t h e v i e wf rom here



JUNE 2015 Vol. 38, No. 6

EDITORIAL STAFFEditor: John Knowles

Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson

Senior Editor: John Haystead

Technical Editor: Ollie Holt

Editorial Assistant: Brittany Bowen

Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Luca Peruzzi,

Richard Scott

Marketing & Research Coordinator: Kent Agramonte

Proofreader: Shauna Keedian

Sales Administration: Candice Blair

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDMr. Micael Johansson

Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area,

Electronic Defence Systems, Saab

Mr. Edgar Maimon

General Manager, Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT Elisra

Mr. Jeffrey Palombo

Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division,

Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp.

Mr. Steve Roberts

Vice President, Strategy, Selex Galileo

Mr. Travis Slocumb

VP, Electronic Warfare Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems

Mr. Rich Sorelle

President, Electronic Systems Division, Exelis

Gp Capt P.J. Wallace

Assistant Head Targeting, Military Strategic Effects, UK MOD

Dr. Richard Wittstruck

Acting Deputy Program Executive Officer, PEO Intelligence, Electronic

Warfare and Sensors, USA

PRODUCTION STAFFLayout & Design: Barry Senyk

Advertising Art: Elaine Connell

Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected]

Contact the Sales Manager:

(800) 369-6220 or [email protected]

Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne ONeilin

at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected].


is published for the AOC by

5950 NW 1st Place

Gainesville, FL 32607

Phone: (800) 369-6220 Fax: (352) 331-3525

www.naylor.com

2015 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The

contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in

whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher.

Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not

represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed

in the Association News section or unless specifically identified as an

AOC position.

PUBLISHED JUNE 2015/JED-M0615/1316

FUSION FOR FIGHTER AIRCRAFT

This months JED features an excellent article about missile warning for fighter aircraft, written by John Haystead. When I think back to the mid-1990s, I remember how certain the EW community was at the time about the need to put missile warning on fast jets. There was good reason for this. During the 1991 Gulf War, infrared (IR) missiles were the deadliest

threat to coalition aircraft in that conflict, and this needed to be addressed. Air-to-air threats were always a worry during the Cold War, but the most significant IR threat during the Gulf War was from ground-based systems, as strike aircraft had to routinely drop into the MANPADS threat envelope below 15,000 feet in order to perform targeting and weapons release. By 1995, the US had started Engineering and Manufacturing Development of the AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System (CMWS), a joint-Service passive missile warning system that was slated for use on most of the DODs fast jets, as well as its helicopters.

However, the air-to-air threat did not evolve much after the Cold War ended, as few countries opted to challenge US air power. In addition, US strike aircraft were able to leverage progress in stand-off targeting systems, such as the Litening and Sniper pods, as well as GPS-guided munitions, which enabled strike aircraft to fly their missions above 15,000 feet. Other countries followed suit and the demand for missile warning on fast jets cooled significantly. These developments led the Air Force and the Navy to drop out of the CMWS program before it reached production.

In the 2000s, despite the wide use of air power in the Global War on Terror, mis-sile warning remained a low priority (as did most EW requirements) for fast jets. Except for the initial weeks of the combat operations, coalition strike aircraft en-joyed fairly permissive threat environments above 15,000 feet in Afghanistan and Iraq. This is not unique to Afghanistan and Iraq. Israel has seen the same trend in its operations against Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.

Today, we are entering an era in which the air-to-air threat is beginning to drive the fast jet missile warning discussion again. However, this missile warning conversation is not picking up where it left off in the mid-1990s. Today, we are talking about how to fuse missile warning with other sensor inputs, such as AESA radar, IR search and track (IRST) and electronic support measures (ESM), and pre-senting this fused situational awareness picture to the pilot in the cockpit. Were also seeing wider use of IR sensors, which typically perform better than UV sensors at higher altitudes, in missile warning systems.

With this degree of sensor fusion, it is only a matter of time before we see fighter/strike aircraft that feature 360-degree coverage from radar and IRST sen-sors, in addition to ESM and passive missile warning. Were not there yet. But it is amazing how far we have come in 20 years. J. Knowles

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JUNE

Kittyhawk Week 2015 Technical Interchange Meeting June 1-3 Dayton, OH www.kittyhawkaoc.org

6th Annual Electronic Warfare/ Cyber Convergence Conference June 2-4 Charleston, SC www.crows.org

AOC International & Foreign Military Sales EW Symposium June 9-11 Atlanta, GA www.peachtreeroost.org

Paris Air Show June 15-21 Paris, France www.siae.fr/EN

AUGUST

7th Annual EW Capability Gaps and Enabling Technologies Operational & Technical Information Exchange August 11-13 Crane, IN www.crows.org

SEPTEMBER

AFA Air & Space Conference September 14-16 National Harbor, MD www.afa.org

DSEI 2015 September 15-18 London, UK www.dsei.co.uk

Modern Day Marine September 22-24 Quantico, VA www.marinemilitaryexpos.com

OCTOBER

Cyber Electromagnetic Activity 2015 October 6-8 Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD www.crows.org

AUSA Annual Meeting and Exposition October 12-14 Washington, DC www.ausa.org

MILCOM 2015 October 26-28 Tampa, FL www.milcom.org

USMC Spectrum Maneuver Warfare October 28-29 MCAS Cherry Point, NC www.crows.org

NOVEMBER

EW Africa 2015 November 3-4 Pretoria, South Africa www.crows.org

Dubai Air Show November 8-12 Dubai, UAE www.dubaiairshow.aero

I/ITSEC November 30-December 4 Orlando, FL www.iitsec.org

DECEMBER

52nd Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention December 1-3 Washington, DC www.crows.org a

c a l e n d a r c o n f e r e n c e s & t r a d e s h o w s

Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or AOC Global Connections events. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events.

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JUNE

Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) Technology June 2-5 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Radar Cross Section Reduction June 8-10 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

AOC Virtual Series: Signal Analysis in Congested Environments June 11 www.crows.org

Introduction to Radar Warning Receivers June 12 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Advanced Electronic Warfare June 23-26 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

AOC Virtual Series: MIMO Radars Whatever You Can Do, We Can Do June 25 www.crows.org

JULY

Adaptive Arrays: Algorithms, Architectures and Applications July 28-31 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

AUGUST

Basic RF EW Concepts August 11-13 Las Vegas, NV www.pe.gatech.edu

Infrared/Visible Signature Suppression August 25-28 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

SEPTEMBER

Basic RF EW Concepts September 1-3 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) Technology September 1-4 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare September 15-18 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Principles of Radar Electronic Protection September 22-25 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Introduction to Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) September 28-30 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

OCTOBER

Advanced RF EW Principles October 12-16 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Essentials of 21st Century EW October 20-23 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Radar Warning Receiver System Design and Analysis October 26-30 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu a

c a l e n d a r c o u r s e s & s e m i n a r s

Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or AOC Global Connections events. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events.

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m e s s a g e

Association of Old Crows 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200

Alexandria, VA 22314-1652 Phone: (703) 549-1600

Fax: (703) 549-2589

PRESIDENT Ken Israel

VICE PRESIDENT Dave Hime

SECRETARY Vickie Greenier

TREASURER Joe Koesters

PAST PRESIDENT Wayne Shaw

AT-LARGE DIRECTORS Powder Carlson

Todd Caruso Vickie Greenier

Craig Harm Brian Hinkley

Amanda Kammier Mark Schallheim Muddy Watters Paul Westcott

APPOINTED DIRECTORS Robert Elder

Anthony Lisuzzo

REGIONAL DIRECTORS Southern: Lisa Fruge-Cirilli

Central: Joe Koesters Northeastern: Nino Amoroso

Mountain-Western: Sam Roberts Mid-Atlantic: Douglas Lamb

Pacific: Joe Hulsey International I: Robert Andrews

International II: Jeff Walsh IO: Al Bynum

AOC STAFF

Mike Dolim Executive Director [email protected]

Shelley Frost Director, Logistics [email protected]

Glorianne ONeilin Director, Member Services

[email protected]

Brock Sheets Director, Marketing [email protected]

John Clifford Director,

Global Programs [email protected]

Stew Taylor Exhibits Manager [email protected]

Bridget Whyde Marketing/Communications Assistant

[email protected]

f rom the president

YOU HAVE RESPONSIBILITIES PLEASE VOTE!

There is probably no greater responsibility in the International AOC than the opportunity to vote for your desired candidate. The Board of Directors (BOD) is the governing body of the International AOC and is composed of the President, Directors, President Elect and the Immediate Past President (Invited). However, for the past several elections our voter turnout has been disproportionately low hovering around 10 percent of our entire

13,000 members. This low percentage challenges the core concept of the International AOC BOD being a Representational Governance body. In many cases, we have only one candidate running for an elected office, which compromises the value of differing points of views and opinions. I know many of our members feel strongly about our strat-egy and the direction of the International AOC. They have legitimate concerns both from a budget perspective, as well as a mission solution approach. These concerns will not be heard or vetted if those who hold these views do not vote or actively participate.

There is probably no mission area receiving more focus right now than Electromag-netic Maneuver Warfare. If you doubt this, see the recent press releases on the creation of the Pentagons Senior EW Council. Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare is a Navy-led effort to create a deliberate approach to operate and succeed in what the CNO, ADM Jonathan Greenert, has described at the Electromagnetic (EM)-cyber environment. This environment will be contested, congested and competitive. Not only do we need to reduce our vulnerabilities in various selected areas of the EM-cyber Environment, we need to address how we will maintain our technical and operational leadership in this critical warfighting mission space. We need International AOC leaders who can ar-ticulate the EW-related issues, understand the consequences of inaction and can help shape value-added decisions in support of our warfighters.

Our International AOC mission is straightforward: we educate, we support and we advocate. We have expanded our focus to advance not only the EW profession but also the entire Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO) community. EW is a critical element of National security and deserves our best efforts. Your vote this cycle will install a two-year tenured International AOC President who will help guide and ar-ticulate the strategic focus of integrating cyber elements into our traditional EW and broader IO mission responsibilities. The opportunity of members to directly elect their President is not shared by members of all associations, and is part of what makes the International AOC special.

The electromagnetic spectrum will be dominated by those who understand how the various elements of evolving spectrum activities can enhance our operations and de-grade those of our adversaries. Your vote matters and ensures we have the right lead-ers to make things happen, to work cooperatively, and to advance the interests of our members, chapters and partners in the military, government, industry and academia. Thank you for voting. Maj Gen Kenneth Israel, USAF (Ret.)

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OCTAVE BAND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR CA01-2110 0.5-1.0 28 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-2110 1.0-2.0 30 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA24-2111 2.0-4.0 29 1.1 MAX, 0.95 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA48-2111 4.0-8.0 29 1.3 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-3111 8.0-12.0 27 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1218-4111 12.0-18.0 25 1.9 MAX, 1.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1CA1826-2110 18.0-26.5 32 3.0 MAX, 2.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 NARROW BAND LOW NOISE AND MEDIUM POWER AMPLIFIERSCA01-2111 0.4 - 0.5 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA01-2113 0.8 - 1.0 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-3117 1.2 - 1.6 25 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA23-3111 2.2 - 2.4 30 0.6 MAX, 0.45 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA23-3116 2.7 - 2.9 29 0.7 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA34-2110 3.7 - 4.2 28 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA56-3110 5.4 - 5.9 40 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA78-4110 7.25 - 7.75 32 1.2 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA910-3110 9.0 - 10.6 25 1.4 MAX, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1315-3110 13.75 - 15.4 25 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-3114 1.35 - 1.85 30 4.0 MAX, 3.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1CA34-6116 3.1 - 3.5 40 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +35 MIN +43 dBm 2.0:1 CA56-5114 5.9 - 6.4 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-6115 8.0 - 12.0 30 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-6116 8.0 - 12.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1 CA1213-7110 12.2 - 13.25 28 6.0 MAX, 5.5 TYP +33 MIN +42 dBm 2.0:1 CA1415-7110 14.0 - 15.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA1722-4110 17.0 - 22.0 25 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +21 MIN +31 dBm 2.0:1 ULTRA-BROADBAND & MULTI-OCTAVE BAND AMPLIFIERSModel No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWRCA0102-3111 0.1-2.0 28 1.6 Max, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0106-3111 0.1-6.0 28 1.9 Max, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0108-3110 0.1-8.0 26 2.2 Max, 1.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0108-4112 0.1-8.0 32 3.0 MAX, 1.8 TYP +22 MIN +32 dBm 2.0:1 CA02-3112 0.5-2.0 36 4.5 MAX, 2.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA26-3110 2.0-6.0 26 2.0 MAX, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA26-4114 2.0-6.0 22 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA618-4112 6.0-18.0 25 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1 CA618-6114 6.0-18.0 35 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4116 2.0-18.0 30 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4110 2.0-18.0 30 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4112 2.0-18.0 29 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +24 MIN +34 dBm 2.0:1LIMITING AMPLIFIERSModel No. Freq (GHz) Input Dynamic Range Output Power Range Psat Power Flatness dB VSWRCLA24-4001 2.0 - 4.0 -28 to +10 dBm +7 to +11 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA26-8001 2.0 - 6.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +18 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA712-5001 7.0 - 12.4 -21 to +10 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA618-1201 6.0 - 18.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1AMPLIFIERS WITH INTEGRATED GAIN ATTENUATIONModel No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB Gain Attenuation Range VSWRCA001-2511A 0.025-0.150 21 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +12 MIN 30 dB MIN 2.0:1CA05-3110A 0.5-5.5 23 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 2.0:1CA56-3110A 5.85-6.425 28 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +16 MIN 22 dB MIN 1.8:1CA612-4110A 6.0-12.0 24 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +12 MIN 15 dB MIN 1.9:1CA1315-4110A 13.75-15.4 25 2.2 MAX, 1.6 TYP +16 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.8:1CA1518-4110A 15.0-18.0 30 3.0 MAX, 2.0 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.85:1LOW FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERSModel No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure dB Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWRCA001-2110 0.01-0.10 18 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1CA001-2211 0.04-0.15 24 3.5 MAX, 2.2 TYP +13 MIN +23 dBm 2.0:1CA001-2215 0.04-0.15 23 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1CA001-3113 0.01-1.0 28 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +17 MIN +27 dBm 2.0:1CA002-3114 0.01-2.0 27 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1CA003-3116 0.01-3.0 18 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +25 MIN +35 dBm 2.0:1CA004-3112 0.01-4.0 32 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +15 MIN +25 dBm 2.0:1

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2015

15

t h e m o n i t o rnews

HASC REPORT ON 2016 DOD BUDGET RECOGNIZES CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE

EW technology and programs received significant attention and support in the House of Representatives version of the National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 1735), which was passed on the House floor as this issue of JED went to press. In the committee report accompanying the bill, the House Armed Services Committee (HASC) expressed its strong endorsement of the recent establishment of the EW Executive Committee (EXCOM) by the Deputy Secretary of Defense with an ini-tial focus on EW strategy, acquisition, operational support and security. The committee commends the Department of Defense for making such a strong move to improve oversight of all EW activities, and looks forward to hearing more from the Department about how it will operate and key recommendations it plans to make.

The committee also noted its recogni-tion of the importance of EW in counter-ing specific, growing threat areas, such as that posed by unmanned aerial systems to US and coalition forces. For example, it highlighted the Army EW Divisions efforts to develop technology that can recognize and disrupt the uplinks between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their ground-based controllers. The committee encourages the Army to con-tinue its research into severing these control signals.

The HASC report also listed EW as one of the key elements to be considered in the DODs approach to providing a robust approach to passive defense both left and right of enemy launch for Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD), as identified by the Joint Chiefs of Staffs Vision 2020 study released in December of last year.

In addition to general statements in support of EW, the Committee also took strong and specific measures in key funding areas of importance to EW prior-ities, including unfunded requirements.

These included restoring $28.7 million to the Air Forces EC130H Compass Call, EW aircraft modification program, in recognition of the unique electronic warfare capabilities provided by this aircraft, and an additional $50 million to conduct integration and testing for an F16 AESA radar upgrade, an effort that had previously been cancelled, and which had also included major associ-ated upgrades to the F-16s EW suite. The committee notes that, despite the termination of the F-16 Combat Avionics Programmed Extension Suite (CAPES), the Department of the Air Force is con-sidering a new effort to upgrade F16 radars from the current APG68 system to a modern AESA radar system ...and, accordingly, encourages the Department of the Air Force to budget for develop-ment and procurement of this upgrade in the Future Years Defense Program.

Reflecting even more detailed atten-tion, the Committee called out the fact that the Navys FY2016 budget request for the Next Generation Jammer (NGC) program did not include funds for the low-band transmitter consolidation Engineering Change Proposal (ECP). The committee notes that the Increment 2 (Inc 2) element of the NGJ program, which addresses low band jammer issues, is planned to begin fielding later, in 2026, and that, as a result, the current ALQ-99 low band transmitters will be required in the interim... Therefore, the committee recommends $37.2 million, an increase of $15.0 million, for the low band transmitter consolidation ECP. The Committee expects that these funds would be used for production and field-ing of low band transmitter consolidation ECP installations.

Knowledge of, and attention to, elec-tromagnetic spectrum technology and requirements was not limited to the RF and microwave portions of the spec-trum. For example, the committee also stated its belief that the Air Force should

consider, as part of the requirements for the Next Generation Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS), an integrated electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) search capability. The committee notes that EO/IR capability is already in very high demand and that adding this capability to Next Generation JSTARS may enable the platform to provide additional intelligence support capability. The com-mittee directed the Secretary of the Air Force to provide a briefing to the HASC by March 1, 2016, on the potential utility of an integrated EO/IR capability on Next Generation JSTARS aircraft.

And, on a fiscally cautious note, but also reflecting the Committees level of attention on the technology, the HASC also observed that both the Air Force and Navy are developing new IRST capa-bilities for their F-15 and F/A-18 aircraft, respectively. It required the Secretary of Defense to submit a report by March 1, 2016 comparing the requirements of the two efforts and explain any need for the Navy and Air Force to field different IRST systems.

In other EW funding, all of the Armys EW equipment procurement requests were fully funded, including $2.96 mil-lion for CREW, $2.6 million for the EW Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT) program, $13.7 million for the Armys EMARSS and $56.2 million for Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE). Funding for the Common Missile Warning System (CMWS) received an increase of $26 mil-lion to meet an unfunded requirement for Apache Survivability Enhancements.

The Navy received an additional $28 million to meet an unfunded require-ment for two SEWIP Block II systems. The Marine Corps MAGTF EW for aviation bud-get request of $7.7 million was also fully funded. The Air Forces Large Aircraft IR Countermeasures (LAIRCM) procurement was also fully funded at $84.3 million.

EW RDT&E funding also did well in the HASC bill, including an additional

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$24 million for the Armys Common Infrared Countermeasures (CIRCM) pro-gram and an additional $75 million for other Aircraft Survivability Equipment to meet unfunded requirements for Apache survivability. The Air Forces F15 EPAWSS development program was also fully funded at $186.5 million. J. Haystead

AFRL TO SOLICIT HPEM DEVELOPMENT

The US Air Force Research Lab, Directed Energy Directorate (Kirtland AFB, NM), has issued a new Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for its High-Powered Electromagnetics (HPEM) Research Program. Managed by the Directorates HPEM Division (RDH), the BAA outlines six technical areas that will be addressed through specific research calls.

The technical areas are:HPEMTransition(TechnicalArea1):

Under this area, AFRL will conduct studies, analyze, and develop concepts that support the transitional efforts of HPEM systems, components and infor-mation to the user community. This

includes the feasibility of integration and development of HPEM technology into a platform, trade-space studies and demonstration of a proof-of-concept through analysis and testing, accord-ing to the BAA.

HPEM Cyber/Electronic WarfareApplications (Technical Area 2): This will support identification and devel-opment of HPEM technologies with the potential to complement and enhance mission effectiveness of the cyber and electronic warfare commu-nities. This includes the study, analy-sis, and formulation of scenarios in which HPEM can be used for cyber or EW applications, conducting of experi-ments, and demonstration of innova-tive concepts.

HPEMEffects(TechnicalArea3):Thisresearch will concentrate on collecting and analyzing empirical effects data against a broad range of electronics, and to conduct basic research on the mechanisms of HPEM effects at the device, circuit and system levels. It will also develop computational predic-tive tools based on qualitative effect

mechanisms, collect empirical test data for validating predictive models, and further battle damage methodologies with respect to HPEM effects.

ElectromagneticWeaponsTechnology(Technical Area 4): The objectives of this technical area are to investigate, develop and ultimately transition new HPEM Weapon concepts, HPEM mate-rials and components, and compact pulsed power topologies. Work in this area shall include, but is not limited to: 1) the development of compact repetitive pulsed power topologies complementary to HPEM source devel-opment, as well as the development and transition of new component and pulsed power technology with perva-sive applications to a breadth of EM sources; 2) the investigation of the effects of high-energy particle beams and their associated radiation on elec-tronic systems; 3) the development of new techniques and sources to create weak and strongly ionized plasmas using ultrashort pulse lasers (USPL), as well as demonstrating the genera-tion of militarily relevant plasmas

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with USPL across a variety of wave-lengths; and 4) the examination of the physics of various types of plasmas generated by HPEM, the interaction of these plasmas with materials and the feasibility of generating relevant plasmas with compact systems; and 5) the development of advanced HPEM materials for sources, such as anodes and cathodes, to be utilized in HPEM relevant research.

NumericalSimulation(TechnicalArea5): Research in this area will develop and continuously improve the world-class simulation tools within RDH, which enable the effective develop-ment of modern HPEM systems, and the continuous development, mainte-nance, and interface expansion of the Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell (ICEPIC) software. There are several other known areas of portfolio expansion. Work in this area shall include: 1) The development of next generation particle-in-cell tools, including the use of geometry confirming meshes and codes opti-mized for advanced, modern computer architectures; 2) the development and maintenance of frameworks, automatic optimization and uncertainty quanti-fication (UQ) methods as well as tools for end-to-end simulation of all types of directed energy systems related to the directed energy high performance computing software applications insti-tute (DE HSAI); 3) develop the capabil-ity to conduct first principles material modeling based on quantum mechanics and density functional theory (DFT) for improved component performance within HPEM systems; and 4) develop an automated, robust validation and verification program for all of the above software application areas.

NextGenHPEM(TechnicalArea6):Thiswill develop the source and antenna technologies capable of meeting the platform and capability constraints of potential HPEM capability concepts. Work in this area shall include the development of broadband high power amplifiers, tunable high power oscil-lators, and broadband antennas that can be used to develop empirical radio frequency (RF) effects over a broad range of frequencies, pulse lengths,

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pulse repetition frequencies, and power densities. Orchestrating the develop-ment of HPEM sources to meet Technical Performance Measures/Metrics leading to technology maturation from concept demonstration to laboratory demon-stration is a key tenet of this Technical Areas focus.The BAA covers a five-year period,

during which ARFL is expected to issue several calls for research related to the technical areas described above. Annual funding is anticipated to be $26-$30 million per year and could total approximately $251 million over the course of the BAA. The point of con-tact for the HPEM BAA is Tyrone Tran (AFRL/RDHA), (505) 846-0299, e-mail [email protected]. JED Staff

IN BRIEFMercury Systems has been awarded a

$7.1 million contract from the US Navys Naval Warfare Center (Crane, IN) for spare RF tuners, digital receivers and related equipment for the AN/SLQ-32(V)6 sur-face ship EW system. Final deliveries are scheduled for May 2020.

The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center - Atlantic (Charleston, SC) has issued an RFI for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) airborne direction finding (DF) sys-tems. The DF system should at a minimum cover the 20- to 3000-MHz frequency range, with objective coverage down to 3 MHz and up to 6000 MHz. It should provide an accuracy of 5-15 degrees RMS, and it will be integrated with an existing carry-on/carry-off threat warning system. The point of contact is Ashlee Landreth, (843) 218-4082, e-mail [email protected].

The US Armys Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, has issued a request for information to learn more about the state-of-the-art in coun-termeasures against rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), anti-tank guided mis-siles (ATGMs) and unmanned air sys-tems (UASs). The point of contact is Nadine Schneider, (973) 724-4800, e-mail [email protected].

LtCol Paul K. Johnson has assumed command of Marine Tactical Aircraft Squadron 4 (VMAQ-4). He replaced LtCol David A. Mueller during a change-of-command ceremony on April 30. Johnson takes command of the Seahawks having served as the squadrons operations offi-cer and as its maintenance officer from 2010 until 2012. He was assigned to the Expeditionary Warfare School in Quantico from June 2012 until March 2014.

The US Army has issued a request for information (RFI) to identify companies to provide program management, engi-neering, logistics, business, operations and system integration for the electronic intelligence (ELINT) subsystems for the Armys Guardrail RC-12X+ aircraft pro-gram. The contractor will provide sup-port to the Project Manager, Sensors - Aerial Intelligence (PM SAI) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. The point of contact is Robin Dennis, (443) 861-5369, e-mail [email protected]. a


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Elettronica Group (Rome, Italy) is progressing according to plans in a 15-month program to integrate, test and qualify its lightweight and com-pact ELT/160 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) for the NHIndustries (Aix en Provence, France) NH90 Tactical Trans-port Helicopters (TTHs) in service with Italys armed forces. The requirement for an advanced lightweight RWR was launched after the Libyan crisis opera-tions, where the proliferation of modern RF-guided Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) systems and todays electromagnetically dense operational scenarios, character-ized by advanced emitters being used by both friendly and hostile platforms, highlighted the urgent need for timely and more reliable threat awareness. Fol-lowing a thorough assessment in simu-lated operational scenarios, the NATO Helicopter Management Agency (NA-HEMA) awarded Elettronica the (undis-closed-value) contract last October on behalf of the Italian MoD.

Acting as the EW suite controller, the ELT/160 is integrated with the Air-bus Defence & Space MILDS AAR 60 mis-sile warner, Selex ES RALM-01/V2 laser warning receiver and MBDA ELIPS-NH chaff and flare dispenser. The con-tract includes the development and evaluation of a pre-series production system with a first batch production contract planned for the beginning of 2016. Among the requirements, the systems Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) are subject to mechanical repackaging to ensure the complete form, fit and function replacement of the platforms existing equipment. The system is to be installed on board new and in-service helicopters through a phased retrofit

IN BRIEF The NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Agency intends to issue an

Invitation for Bid (IFB) for the provision of Electronic Counter Measure (ECM) sys-tems against Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs) - Phase 1, in direct support of the NATO Response Force (NRF). The requirement is expected to encompass the provision of three vehicular and three static ECM systems. Bid closing is planned for July, 2015 with contract award in January 2016. The refer-ence number is: IFB-CO-13500-NRF.

Terma (Aarhus, Denmark) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Aselsan (Ankara, Turkey) to define potential areas of collaboration. The MoU also includes transfer of ownership and intellectual property rights of Termas F-16 Modular Reconnaissance Pod from Terma to Aselsan.

The US State Department has approved a number of possible Foreign Military Sale (FMS) requests including a sale to India for follow-on support for C-130J Super Hercules aircraft including associated equipment, parts and logistical support for an estimated cost of $96 million. The government of India had requested support for five years for their fleet of C-130Js, including eight spare AN/ALE-47 Counter-Measures Dispensing Systems, six spare AN/ALR-56M Advanced Radar Warning Receivers and up to 9,000 flare cartridges. The principal contractor will be the Lockheed-Martin Company (Marietta, GA). Also approved was a sale to Australia of 24 F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and 12 EA-18G Growler aircraft including aircraft sustainment and associated equipment, parts and logistical support for an esti-mated cost of $1.5 billion. The Department also approved a $3 billion FMS to Japan of 17 V-22B Block C Osprey aircraft including 40 AAQ-27 Forward Looking Infrared Radars, 40 AAR-47 Missile Warning Systems, 40 APR-39 Radar Warning Receivers, 40 ALE-47 Countermeasure Dispenser Systems, 40 APX-123 Identification Friend or Foe Systems, 40 629F-23 Multi-Band Radios (Non-COMSEC), 40 ASN-163 Miniature Airborne Global Positioning System (GPS) Receivers (MAGR), 40 ARN-153 Tactical Airborne Navigation Systems, Joint Mission Planning System (JMPS), as well as other support and test equipment. The principal contractors will be Bell Helicopter and Boeing Rotorcraft Systems. a

program. In total, the Italian MoD is expected to buy up to 70 systems for both its Army and Navys TTH versions.

The ELT/160 is characterized by a lightweight design with four Direction Finding (DF) antenna units together with one integrated receiver and an ad-ditional processing unit to serve as an EW controller. The system has wideband RF coverage (E to K) and is capable of

real-time de-interleaving, sorting, anal-ysis, tracking and recording of known and unknown emissions (even those emissions not pre-loaded in the library), high speed threat identification, and full digital processing of intercepted signals. In addition to the Italian armed forces, the ELT/160s capabilities have attracted the interest of other NH90 op-erators. L. Peruzzi

NEW RWR FOR ITALYS NH90 HELOS MOVING FORWARD


21

For more than 75 years we have been helping you unlock measurement insights, first as the electronic-measurement businesses of Hewlett-Packard and Agilent Technologies, and now, as Keysight Technologies.

From Day 1, there have been two sides to the story. One is the work we do, creating leading-edge instrumentation and software. The other is the work you do: designing, developing, debugging, troubleshooting, manufacturing, testing, installing and maintaining components, devices and systems.

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Enabling the right idea at the right timeThis is our legacy. Keysight is a company built on a history of firsts, dating back to the days when Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard worked in the garage at 367 Addison Avenue in Palo Alto, California. Our firsts began with U.S. patent number 2,268,872 for a variable-frequency oscillation generator. Appropriately, the heart of Bills design was a light bulb, which is often used to symbolize a new idea.

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Helping inspire your next breakthroughTo help Keysight customers continue to open new doors, were concentrating our effort and experience on what comes next in test and measurement. Our unique combination of hardware, software and people will help enable your next A-ha! moment, whether youre working on mobile devices, cloud computing, semiconductors, renewable energy, or the latest glimmer in your imagination. Keysight is here to help you see what others cant, and then make it realitysooner.

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Throughout Rick Yuses 39-year career at Raytheon, he has been at the cutting edge of technology and innovation, from the first electroni-cally scanned phased array radars used to monitor Russian ICBM launches to revolutionary developments in electronic and information warfare today.

After earning his Masters in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University in 1976, Yuse joined Raytheon and spent his early career working on virtually every radar program forming the backbone of the US missile defense system, thanks to assignments and promotions at Raytheons Equipment Division, Integrated Defense Systems and Technical Services Company.

Since 2010, when he stepped up to lead Space and Airborne Systems (SAS), the business has successfully built upon its strength in air-borne radars for fighter aircraft, ISR platforms and tactical and space-based communications. He also has presided over the companys resurgence as a leader in the EW market, winning contracts for the US Navys Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) and the US Armys EW Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT).

JED spoke with him about his experience and more specifically, the companys approach to the EW market.

JED: What was the most important lesson that you learned as an engineer in your early years at Raytheon?

RY: Im not sure I appreciated it at the time, but as I look back on the skills and practices that were ingrained in me by mentors and supervisors, I think the most valuable les-sons were to be curious, engaged and demonstrate a will-ingness to dive in and work hard. I also learned about the importance of developing critical thinking skills. You have to look at all aspects of a situation and account for all con-sequences, especially those that are unintended.

JED: When you took the helm at SAS in 2010, what were some of the major management and technology develop-ment goals that you set out to achieve?

RY: When I arrived at SAS, I found a solid business with great legacy programs in airborne radar, EO/IR and space. So I wanted to ensure that the company continued to focus on capabilities that would keep us ahead of future threats. Our technology development strategy focused on four areas: electronic warfare; high energy lasers; high integrity processors to embed cy-ber security in weapon systems; and open, scalable, multi-function architectures for fu-ture weapon systems. We have made signifi-cant progress on all fronts.

In EW, for instance, we wanted to become a significant player because we believed that fielded capabilities, which relied on older tube and horn technology, would be inadequate to con-trol the electromagnetic spectrum in what was then generally called contested environments and today is called anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) environments. We need to put the magic back in the hands of our warfighters.

As a result, we made investments in electronic attack, electronic support, electronic protection, signals intelligence (SIGINT), communications,

cyber, and lasers. Its all about redefining the boundaries of information warfare, and were making excellent progress across the board. We are working on a new generation of sophisticated, scalable, affordable, end-to-end EW systems.

JED: Raytheon has been one of the key players in lever-aging Active, Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) tech-nology for EW applications. What are some of the critical lessons that SAS learned from AESA radar development, and how have these lessons helped with development of AESA jammers?

RY: Wide-band, multi-function antenna arrays are game changers that enable us to expand our capabili-ties to deal with threats that are becoming increasingly

capable, numerous, sophisticated and lethal. Ac-tive, electronically scanned arrays are a core competency. Weve been able to build on ev-erything weve learned from the last 15-20 years and transfer that expertise to our AESA-based jamming system. The criti-cal aspect is really about delivering large amounts of Effective Radiated Power (ERP) in small packages. In airborne AESA jam-mer pods, there is very limited space and weight is at a premium, so this development

is vital to the entire next generation of EW missions.

JED: Raytheon SAS develops radar, EW and communications systems for a wide variety of

weapons systems. What are some of the important trends at the platform level that are shaping the future course of defense electronics?

RY: The biggest trend were seeing at the plat-form level is convergence. It is no longer efficient to have a different antenna for every function. Imagine an AESA aperture that can do EW, comms, radar, and SIGINT, all at the same time. What that

l e a d e r s h i p i n t e r v i e wRick Yuse

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means is that future mission system architectures will need to accommodate and control the capabilities, while future platforms will likely be designed around the elec-tronics rather than the other way around. Youre begin-ning to see some of this thinking emerging from DARPAs Aerospace Innovation Initiative, which will produce com-petitive prototypes of the next generation of air domi-nance aircraft.

From an EW point of view, converged capabilities and cognitive or adaptive systems that can sense the RF envi-ronment and adapt are the future of intelligent EW. It is all about networked, high gain electronic attack, cyber, scal-able common back ends and multi-function arrays. We are also seeing the convergence of cyber, signals intelligence (SIGINT) and EW, which transforms EW from merely being an enabler to the mission to becoming an effector in its own right. As a result, expect continued investment in technolo-gies that enable EW in its broadest sense from DC (direct current) to light (lasers).

JED: The defense electronics industry is considered to be entering a new era of multifunction (radar/EW/Comms/GPS) systems. How is Raytheon pursuing this trend at the technology level and the systems engineering level?

RY: We are investing heavily in EW, including the develop-ment of MFIRES (Multi-Function Integrated Receiver Exciter System). MFIRES currently performs electronic attack, elec-tronic support, cyber and tactical SIGINT. In addition, we are bringing our AESA technology to EW by building EW AESA, which when hooked up with MFIRES and the ALR-69A Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) via Raytheons suite control-ler provides unprecedented EW suite capabilities. Between missions, MFIRES circuit cards can be swapped and software loads can be converted to completely change the mission. Anything we design has to be open architecture, flexible and scalable, so that you can plug elements together to de-liver the required effect. What this ultimately provides is a mission-adaptable system that delivers unprecedented lev-els of concise and usable sensor data to pilots.

JED: Innovation is an important element of Raytheons engineering culture. What are some of the ways that Ray-theon SAS is trying to shorten the development timelines and lower development costs of defense electronics systems?

RY: One of the ways we try to shorten development time-lines and lower costs is by working to understand the threats, missions, and current and future solutions that are essential to deal with a rapidly changing threat environ-ment. Using high fidelity modeling and simulation, we de-velop scenarios to deny, disrupt and deceive an adversarys electromagnetic capability. We deploy our strategic invest-ments so that we can demonstrate the scalable building blocks of next generation EW systems, allowing us to offer lower risk, faster, more tailored and affordable solutions to our customers.

For instance, last Octobers NGJ prototype demo flight test at NAS China Lake was a company-funded, risk-reduc-tion flight to assess, for the first time, against real world threats, all the subsystems in the integrated, end-to-end EW system. When the NGJ is ultimately ready for its mis-sion on the EA-18 Growler, it will provide the warfighter with a considerable upgrade in capability over existing equipment. It is this type of upfront investment that we feel is worthwhile.

JED: The electromagnetic spectrum has become a critical maneuver space in modern warfare. How do you see some of todays technology trends extending into the future to support non-kinetic strategies?

RY: In the A2/AD warfighting environment, we believe that we will need to deliver both kinetic and non-kinetic effects to include EW, cyber and high-energy lasers. We have been investing for several years in all of these areas because our warfighters will need to stay in the fight longer than a lim-ited kinetic payload will afford. Laser, EW and cyber effec-tors can provide an unlimited magazine, if you will. All of this aligns with DODs Third Offset Strategy, which aims to create capabilities to affordably offset adversary A2/AD ca-pabilities. Having the ability to address and negate multiple enemy capabilities simultaneously or nearly simultane-ously when it matters most is far more important in the A2/AD environment.

JED: Deputy Defense Secretary Robert Work recently an-nounced the creation of a new high-level council to oversee all of the Pentagons EW programs. Why the new focus on electronic warfare in your view?

RY: The recapitalization of our Nations and our allies EW systems is imperative. Simply put, we have a lot of catching up to do. Our adversaries see EW as a key part of their offen-sive and defensive arsenals. If we can use EW to essentially seize the spectrum, we can provide an advantage to the U.S. and its allies. The future of warfare is changing, and we need to continue to evolve the capabilities that we provide our warfighters to keep them ahead of threat-driven mis-sion requirements.

JED: Any last thoughts?

RY: The U.S. and its allies must maintain their leadership in electromagnetic operations. Repackaging yesterdays technology for tomorrows needs is not technically or finan-cially prudent. We have the capability to give the warfight-er modular, open systems architecture that can be easily adapted and upgraded. These systems will have the abil-ity to deliver an increasingly complex and effective set of techniques, including cyber techniques. We cannot let to-days fiscal constraints deny the warfighter the technology and capability needed to operate unimpeded in the modern threat environment. a

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defense organizations prepare for pos-sible operations in much more complex air-defense environments that include advanced fighter aircraft and long-range RF-guided missile systems.

Chris Bushell, Senior Vice President for EW at Selex ES Airborne and Space Systems Division (Luton, England) says, This is the headline for us here at Selex. As he sees it, The RF threat is proliferating around the world both in terms of numbers, as well as sophisti-cation, and though the RF side has not been completely forgotten, the invest-ments that weve seen from governments has tended more toward countering the IR threats. What is now clear, however, from looking at recent events around the world, is that these RF threats are also of increasing concern.

Irmin Menscher, VP Marketing and Business Development, of Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT Elisra (Bene Beraq, Israel) agrees, observing that the RF threats are operating at longer ranges and expanding beyond the conventional 2- to 18-GHz frequency range, as well as having more sophisticated Electronic Counter-Countermeasure (ECCM) capa-bilities. In our view, a missile warning system is not only for handling the IR threat, it can also provide complimen-tary advantages to the RWR in the han-dling of RF threats as well, particularly in places where you dont have enough protection or situational awareness. Menscher says that today, you have to evaluate the threat from the perspec-tive of the total requirements of a full EW suite. Some of the missile threats are more related to the (IR/EO) missile warning system and some are more re-lated to the RF warning portion, but I see major improvements in the threat on both fronts. Its already becoming more

sophisticated, and we will continue to see later generations of sophisticated threat technology emerging across the board, including the radars, missiles and control networks. If you have a combina-tion of both radar warning and missile warning, youre able to cope with many more potential threat scenarios seen in the new battlefield, such as those where missiles are locked on and launched when there is no actual RF system emit-ting, or continuously emitting.

Bruno Carrara, Thales Vice President, Electronic Combat Systems Business, also sees the missile threat to fast jets increasing, with defense systems need-ing to be able to handle greater numbers of threats at longer ranges. As a result, we need to have improved sensors for all components of the spectrum. But, on the positive side, Carrara adds that there is advancement on both sides of the technology, not only in terms of the threat but also in terms of missile warn-ing system technology.

Murray Collette, Technical Director for the Survivability & Targeting Solu-tions business of BAE Systems Electronic Systems (Nashua, NH), says hes seeing an increase in multi-spectral, multi-mode missile systems starting first with air-to-air threats, but expected to soon also migrate into ground-to-air threat systems as well. As a result, mis-sile detection and countermeasure sys-tems will also need to be multi-mode or multi-spectral in future, and with bet-ter system integration. Given the longer ranges and the possibility of a multi-mode threat being initially launched in an RF mode, but then switching to an IR or EO mode for terminal guidance, theres definitely an increasing require-ment for longer range detection of mis-sile warning systems.

TTTThe Time Has ComeThe Time Has ComeThe Time Has Come

Today, the threat posed by anti-aircraft missiles is greater than ever. This is true for the latest generation (5th Gen) stealth tactical aircraft, as well as new highly-advanced, non-stealth aircraft and earlier-generation platforms upgrad-ed with the latest Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars, integrated avionics and highly capable defensive aids systems (Gen 4.5). The threat mix in-cludes both RF and EO/IR-based surface-to-air threats, as well as longer range IR-guided air-to-air missiles. So, while the discussion of missile warning sys-tems is usually limited to the familiar UV and IR-based detection systems found on rotary craft, and low/slow flying trans-port aircraft, this article will take a more holistic look at the task of missile warn-ing for aircraft. To properly address the missile warning requirements of modern front-line fighter aircraft, in addition to EO/IR warning systems, the discussion must necessarily also include the role of traditional Radar Warning Receivers (RWRs), other IR/EO sensors, active radar warners, as well as the role, or potential role, of the AESA radar itself.

RF THREATS ARE VERY MUCH STILL OUT THERE

Since the 1960s, radar-guided sur-face-to-air missile systems (SAMs) have posed a major threat to aircraft, particu-larly high-flying aircraft, including fast-flying fighter jets. The RF threat still very much exists today, although the emergence of IR-guided Man Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) and their widespread use by regular military forces and non-state actors has diverted signifi-cant attention and investment away from RF missile warning and defense systems. That situation is now starting to change, however, as western governments and


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BAE has a long track record with missile warning systems for rotorcraft and transport aircraft, but as pointed out by Collette, theres a different set of requirements for fast jet systems, including different installation and en-vironmental considerations, as well as performance parameters. Its certainly not insurmountable, he adds however, noting that in some cases, the different requirements can allow tradeoffs to be made. For example, with helicopters, youre typically down in the dirt at around 500 feet, with high clutter, and threats coming at you at very low angles of attack. Threat warning algorithms in this environment are very complex, and we work very hard to reduce false alarms. At higher altitudes, however, the environment is typically less clut-tered, and you may be able to trade such complex false alarm rejection perfor-mance for longer range detection.

Andrew Dunn, VP of Business De-velopment of the Integrated Electronic Warfare Systems unit within Exelis Elec-tronic Systems (Clifton, NJ), observes that missile warning for fast jets is also primarily related to mission needs. Historically, missile warning technol-ogy had been mostly focused on protec-tion for low/slow-flying aircraft against MANPADS-type threats, and there wasnt a lot of similar focus on provid-ing that capability for high/fast-flying jets. However, that being said, there are fast-jet aircraft out there today doing close air support that are getting them closer to the ground and therefore these IR-based threats. The result is grow-ing interest in providing missile warn-ing for these aircraft to support those missions.

At the same time, as already noted, the air-to-air missile threat is also of in-creasing concern for tactical fighter air-craft. Niall Ingram, Selex Vice President and Chief Technology Officer for EW, says the scope of the air-to-air threat is increasing, particularly in terms of the ranges that air-to-air missiles can oper-ate over. Whether this is facilitated by the beyond visual range detection ca-pabilities of the platforms from which they are released, or the capabilities of the missile itself, or both, clearly more and more countries are getting mis-

siles capable of operating over longer distances.

One approach to dealing with such a growing number and mix of threat types and operating modes, has been the ap-plication of powerful signal and data processing capabilities to warning sys-tems and EW suites, as well as greater fusion and networking of sensors and data within and between systems. Ulti-mately, the goal is to integrate and ap-ply all of an aircrafts sensors, including its AESA radar, into the mission of mis-sile warning.

This also raises an interesting point, however. Although no-one questions the force-multiplying advantages pro-vided to tactical aircraft by their AESA radars, the potential integration of this powerful sensor into the role of missile warning is still a relatively new science. And, although on the face of it, the po-tential benefits seem to be dramatic, in fact, there are actually also a number of significant problems that these systems pose for defensive EW suites, particu-larly radar warning systems.

For example, as pointed out by Elbits Menscher, Even before we begin think-ing about trying to get more synergy be-tween the radar and the RWR, we have to first deal with things like the inter-ference challenges posed by the AESA radar in terms of working in such close proximity. Although the use of all-dig-ital, and sophisticated receiver systems and software can help mitigate this and other challenges, Menscher says it should still not be considered a trivial concern and approaches to integration should not focus on achieving the great-est level of interaction, but rather on increasing the overall capability of the platform. Generally speaking, I can see synergy at the platform level between the radar and the missile warning sys-tem, but not by their working closely together with each other, but rather by having capabilities that can work in parallel to benefit both.

F-22 USHERS IN ERA OF 5th GEN AIRCRAFT

As of today, the only true 5th Gen fighter aircraft are the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) stealth air-

craft. The F-22 informs the pilot through a tightly integrated combination of, BAE Systems AN/ALR-94 passive RWR and Lockheed Martins AN/AAR-56 IR-based Missile Launch Detector (MLD), as well as its Northrop Grumman AN/APG-77 Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) AESA radar, which together provide the pilot with 360-degree situational awareness. The F-22s cockpit fusion is performed by Boeing and the EW hardware integra-tion is performed by Lockheed Martin.

With a greater range than the AN/APG-77, the F-22s AN/ALR-94 passive radar warning receiver system is fed by more than 30 antennas smoothly blended into the wings and fuselage of the F-22, and is capable of cueing the AN/APG-77 radar to lock onto targets. The AN/AAR-56 Missile Launch Detector (MLD) is a single-color IR warning sys-tem capable of long-range detection of both air- and surface-launched missiles. The system is comprised of six IR staring focal plane sensors with low-observable window frame assemblies, three common interface processing cards, and mature missile detection software algorithms. Lockheed Martin is exploring a multi-spectral sensor variant of the system for the F-22, as well as the incorporation of an Infrared Search and Track (IRST) ca-pability that could be used to passively detect aircraft at long range through different aspects of their heat signature.

F-35 BRINGS NEXT GENERATION MISSILE WARNING

The F-35 is equipped with the Northrop Grumman AN/APG-81 AESA ra-dar. It also carries the Lockheed Martin nose-mounted Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS), the BAE Systems AN/ASQ-239 Barracuda RF EW suite and the Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-37 IR Distributed Aperture System (DAS), which performs missile warning. As de-scribed by Peter Bartos, Northrop Grum-man Director, Combat Avionics Systems Improvements & Derivatives (Linthi-cum, MD), The F-35s overall situational awareness is sensor-fusion based with all sensors contributing what they can to support both offensive and defensive situational awareness.

The AN/ASQ-239 Barracuda report-edly includes 10 RF antennas embedded

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in the edges of aircrafts wing and tail, and provides for sensor fusion of both RF and IR tracking data, ESM capabilities, as well as geolocation of threats. The Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-37 Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System (EO DAS) includes six high-resolution, spherical passive IR sensors distributed across the aircraft. The DAS provides 360-degree missile warning, including missile launch location for both sur-face-to-air and air-to-air threats, and it also provides Situational Awareness Infrared Search and Track (SA-IRST), simultaneously detecting, tracking, and declaring aircraft within its field of regard. It is also capable of cueing a laser-based Directed IR Countermeasure (DIRCM) system, such as the Northrop Grumman Threat Nullification Defen-sive Resource (ThNDR) DIRCM system being proposed for fast jets, including the F-35, to counter both surface-to-air and air-to-air threats.

OLD IS NEW AGAIN WITH AESA-EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT

Though perhaps not possessing the panache of the stealth platforms, new, highly advanced, AESA-equipped Gen-4.5 aircraft are certainly not to be taken lightly. By providing for simultaneous, instantaneous, long-range detection and continuous tracking of a practi-cally unlimited number of targets, their AESA radars give these aircraft capa-bilities far beyond those with earlier generation systems, significantly in-creasing their survivability even in the most dense threat environments. Add to this the capabilities of advanced mis-sile warning systems, and the playing field of most operational environments is even more leveled.

LOCKHEED MARTIN F-16If we use AESA radar as one of the

delimiting factors for Gen 4.5 fighters, the later-model F-16 aircraft, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Block 60, F-16 E/F Desert Falcons, which are fitted with Northrop Grummans AN/APG-80 AESA radar, are included in the category. The UAEs F-16s are also equipped with Northrop Grummans AN/ASQ-32 Internal FLIR Targeting Sys-tem (IFTS) and the Northrop Grumman

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PARIS AIR SHOW 2015Chalet 200

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Falcon Edge Integrated Electronic Warfare Suite (IEWS) incorporating high sensitivity, wide-band digital receivers, and DRFM-based countermeasures.

Beginning in the 1990s, many of the new EW capabilities developed for the F-16 have been driven by internation-al users. Israel has fielded its own EW suites for the Israeli Air Forces F-16Is. Exelis and Raytheon have developed the Advanced Integrated EW Suite (AID-EWS) and Advanced Countermeasures Electronic System (ACES), respectively, for several international F-16 custom-ers over the past 15 years. Denmarks Terma has integrated new EW capabili-ties, such as missile warning systems, RF jammers and countermeasures dis-pensers, onto many European-based F-16s via its Pylon Integrated Dispenser System (PIDS) and its Electronic Combat Integrated Pylon System (ECIPS) family of wing pylons (see Upgrading Fast Jet Self Protection, JED, May 2015, p. 26).

International F-16 users are likely to continue driving major F-16 systems upgrades, as countries like Taiwan and South Korea pursue AESA radar capa-bilities for their F-16 fleets. In August of last year, Lockheed Martin awarded Northrop Grumman a contract for 142 AN/APG-83 Scalable Agile Beam Radar (SABR) AESA radars for Taiwans F-16s. South Korea is mulling its options af-ter withdrawing earlier this year from

a BAE System-led upgrade program that would have installed the Raytheon Ad-vanced Combat Radar (RACR) AESA ra-dar, as well as ALR-69A digital RWRs on a large portion of its F-16 fleet.

Israeli F-16I Sufa (Storm) aircraft are also not known to have plans for an AESA radar, but are equipped with the Passive Airborne Warning System (PAWS-2) from Elbit Systems. The one-color IR PAWS-2 is capable of rapidly dis-criminating between threatening and non-threatening missiles using a target algorithm, which tracks each threat frame-by-frame, analyzing target ma-neuverability, relative position, inertial data and angular velocity and intensity. The system can either be installed inter-nally or via pylon. Typically, 4-6 sensors are installed on an aircraft to provide 360-degree coverage.

WHAT ABOUT USAF F-16S?In contrast, the USAF doesnt itself

currently have a missile-warning-sys-tem-equipped F-16 or, for that mat-ter, an AESA-equipped version of the aircraft, although there was until last year a program in place to provide just that. Now cancelled, the Combat Avion-ics Programmed Extension Suite (CAPES) program was to provide some 300 USAF F-16C/Ds with the Northrop Grumman AN/APG-83 AESA radar as well an up-graded EW suite and other improve-

ments. Based on language in the House Armed Services Committees FY2016 de-fense authorization bill, recently passed by the House of Representatives, the CAPES program may be revived soon. In this bill, the House recommended an additional $50 million for the Air Force to begin integration and testing of an AESA radar on F-16 aircraft. CAPES would need to pass through several more planning and funding wickets in both Congress and in the Pentagon in order to be revived, but that process seems to be gathering momentum.

Exelis Dunn also doesnt think the USAF F-16 AESA story is over, noting that there is continuing talk within NORTHCOM to restart CAPES in some fashion. The Air National Guard still has a requirement for the AESA capabil-ity. In addition, Dunn notes that the missions of the Air National Guard and US Air Force Reserves also puts them in an environment where their F-16s will certainly need missile warning capa-bilities, particularly for ground-based IR threats. There is a requirement for the US Air National Guard and Air Force Reserves and there is an ongoing effort to start a program to put a missile warn-ing system on their F-16 aircraft. There is expected to be testing conducted this year looking at different options, with an RFP expected sometime next year. Exelis is teamed with Airbus in the com-petition offering the AN/AAR-60 (V)2 MILDS F system. Elbits PAWS-2 system is also expected to be a contender. The plan is to integrate the missile warner into the Terma PIDS+ pylons currently in the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve inventories.

BOEING F-15 Unlike with its F-16 fleet, the USAF

has started to equip its F-15 aircraft with advanced AESA radars the Ray-theon AN/APG-63(V)3 on F-15C/D air-craft and the Raytheon AN/APG-82(V)1 on the F-15E. AESA-equipped F-15s are also in demand among international F-15 users.

Saudi Arabias F-15SA aircraft are be-ing upgraded with the Raytheon AN/APG-63(V)3 AESA radar. These Eagles are also receiving BAE Systems Digi-tal EW System (DEWS) incorporating

Inaugural Cyber Electromagnetic Activity 2015Synchronizing Cyber Electromagnetic Activities to Win in a Complex World

OCTOBER 6-8, 2015 / ABERDEEN, MD

The International AOC and APG Susquehanna Chapter of the AOC, under a co-sponsorship agreement with Army Team C4ISR APG, will hold the Inaugural CEMA 2015 Conference at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

The theme for the inaugural CEMA 2015 event is Synchronizing Cyber Electromagnetic Activities to Win in a Complex World. The newly published Army Operating Concept (AOC) emphasizes the importance of ready land forces and their significance to the joint and coalition fight, and recognizes the need for continued innovation to Win in a Complex World. Cyberspace operations, in conjunction with electronic warfare and electromagnetic spectrum operations are identified in the AOC as one of the seven core Army competency areas critical to shaping the operational environment and winning decisively. Equally new is the concept of Cyber Electromagnetic Activities, or CEMA, which is outlined in the first doctrinal field manual of its kind that integrates and synchronizes cyberspace operations, electronic warfare (EW), and spectrum management operations (SMO). The CEMA 2015 event will allow for an exchange of ideas, concepts and information, and provide a venue to address these new and emerging concepts and a framework to discuss ongoing and future research and development to set the conditions for innovation and success.

Attending the CEMA 2015 event will also provide the Army and DoD Electronic Warfare and Cyber communities of interest an opportunity to meet with and discuss the current and emerging Electronic and Cyber Warfare requirements with Coalition partners, industry technicians, engineers, and scientists and other Government agencies and learn from their successes.

There are a number of keynote and breakout sessions, along with hands-on product demonstrations that will offer a combination of current and emerging requirements, engineering theory and practical operations of the latest electronic warfare and offensive cyber capabilities.

F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N V I S I T WWW.CROWS.ORG

CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS

Presentations or demonstrations from all Services, Five Eyes Partners, DoD, Warfighters, Industry, and Academia are requested that explore the concept of enabling or integrated EW-Cyber-EMSO capabilities and the necessary innovation required to set the conditions for innovation and success. Submitted abstracts are specifically requested to address one or more of the symposium sessions: 1) EWO and Spectrum Manager Warfighter Perspectives; 2) Trends in Electromagnetic Spectrum Capabilities; 3) Agile Acquisition; 4) Threats, Capability Gaps, and Requirements; 5) Cyber/EW Convergence; 6) Technology Trends, Testing, Experimentation and Exercises; 7) Joint and Industry Perspectives: 8) International Efforts and Opportunities; and 9) Tactical Cyber Operations and Concepts. More information on these sessions can be found at crows.org. Abstracts for presentations are required in unclassified text format. Please forward abstracts to Ms. Shelley Frost at [email protected]. Abstracts due June 22, 2015. All Sessions are Open to Five-Eyes.


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Hornet does not have a missile warn-ing system, although BAE Systems Collette notes that the Navy had previ-ously evaluated a two-color IR missile warner as part of a pod-mounted Tacti-cal Aircraft Directable IR Countermea-sures (TADIRCM) system demonstration funded by the Naval Research Labora-tory (NRL). Says Collette, When I look at the history of the TADIRCM program, the Navy was on a path to mature and deploy the system until things heated up in the Middle East and priorities were switche

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