y.wileveau, j. delay andra – national radioactive waste management agency , bure, france
DESCRIPTION
Stress determination and pore pressure measurements performed at the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Laboratory. Y.WILEVEAU, J. DELAY Andra – National Radioactive Waste Management Agency , Bure, France. Overview Part 1 Methodology for regional stress determination - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Stress determination and pore pressure measurements performed
at the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Laboratory
Y.WILEVEAU, J. DELAYAndra – National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, Bure,
France
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Overview
Part 1• Methodology for regional stress determination• Hydrofrac, HTPF and Sleeve fracturing• Data examples • Stress profile
Part 2• Pore pressure measurement in clay formation• Pressure profile in the argillite
Comparison and open question
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Geological setting on Bure’s URL
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Methodology for stress determination at the Bure site
From shafts • Paleostress• Convergence measurements on several sections• Vertical Mine by Test experiment in the main Shaft of the URL
From boreholes• Deformations of vertical borehole walls• Breakouts and induced fractures in inclined boreholes (Etchecopar, 1997)• Classical hydro-fracturing (Haimson, 1993)• Hydraulic tests on Pre-existing Fractures (HTPF method, Cornet, 1986)• Sleeve fracturing and Sleeve reopening (Desroches, 1999)
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Convergence measurements in the Oxfordian limestonesH oriented at N155°E
• accuracy : 0,1 mm on a 6m diameter of the shaft
• maximum convergence measured : 2mm• horizontal stress anisotropy K=H/h: between 1.4 et 1.8
10 1112
12
3456
7
89
PP
A11
26P
PA
143
PP
A11
55P
PA
1100
PP
A11
62
10 1112
12
3456
7
89
223,6 m
10 1112
12
3456
7
89
289 m
L2a
10 1112
12
3456
7
89
338,6 m
375 m
10 1112
12
3456
7
89
PP
A11
68
10 1112
12
3456
7
89
L1a
396,3 m
415 m
L1a
C3b
C3b
C3a
Vol
ées
inde
nf.
And
ra
Uni
tés
N
91573
91574
91575
91576
91577
91578
91579
91580
91581
823068 823069 823070 823071 823072 823073 823074 823075 823076
X
Y
Convergences amplifiées 500 fois
H
Section at 223m
1091573
1091574
1091575
1091576
1091577
1091578
1091579
1091580
1091581
823068 823069 823070 823071 823072 823073 823074 823075 823076
X (m)
Y (m
)
Convergences amplifiées 1000 fois
H
Section at 375m
1091573
1091574
1091575
1091576
1091577
1091578
1091579
1091580
1091581
823068 823069 823070 823071 823072 823073 823074 823075 823076
X (m)
Y (m
)
Convergences amplifiées 1000 fois
H
Section at 415m
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
UBI analysis and wall morphology (example for EST 204 borehole)
•Breakouts appears in the clay-rich area (less compressive strength)
•High dependence on the fluid for drilling (water based mud for EST204)
• oil based mud give us better well stability
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
MDT tool (specific configuration for
inclined boreholes)
Hydraulic fracturing tests in Bure
Downhole pump
Straddle packer
Pressure record during a micro-hydraulic fracturing test
Fracture initiation
Closure pressure of the induced fracture (Detail of the first hydraulic fracturing cycle)
Closure pressure
Breakdown pressure
Closure pressure determined from the square root of the shut-in time
Closure pressure
Induced fractures detected and oriented on FMI image
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - StavangerGeneral situation of hydraulic fracturing tests at Bure Site
29 successful testsin 5 boreholes :
- 6 in Oxfordian- 17 in C.Oxfordian- 6 in Dogger
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
800
700
600
500
400
300
Dep
th (m
eter
s be
low
gro
und
leve
l)
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Stress magnitude (MPa)
Oxfordian
Callovo-Oxfordian
Dogger
In-situ stress in Oxfordian
H oriented in N155°E• Slight rotation at the
base of Oxfordian unit h 8 MPa (average
value)
Magnitude (MPa)
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
dept
h [m
]
90 120 150 180 210 240 270strike direction N over E [deg]
distinct
distinct
distinct
distinct faint
thick single trace
distinct
distinct
faint
distinct
distinct
distinct
faint
distinct
distinct
impression packer testspost-frac UBI-logs
H orientation (°/North)
Hh
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Induced fracture at 467m (horizontal)
Induced fracture at 471m (horizontal)
Hydraulic fractures mined back during the sinking of the shafts (in clay formation)
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Top view of EST205 borehole at 499m on the ground
……but vertical at 499m depth !!!
H
h
N E N S W
499.0 m
500.0 m
test
-sec
tion
UBI – acoustical logging after micro-hydraulic tests at depth
499m in EST205
Fractures initiated during Hydrofrac (H direction)
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Vertical stress measured in the Dogger (HTPF method)
Direct measurement : v = 14,7 MPa at 655 m depth
+ Others Pre-existing Fractures have been tested in the argillites (v 12,0 MPa)
Selection of a pre-existing lignite layer at 655m depth : possibility to measure v by HTPF method
FMI after test
Induced fracture by
packers
FMI before test
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Q=0
Stress regime: Extension
123
Q=0.5
Stress regime: Extension
Q=1
Stress regime: Strike-slip
Q=1.5
Stress regime: Strike-slip
Q=2
Stress regime: Strike-slip
Q=2.5
Stress regime: Compression
Q=3
Stress regime: Compression
Influence of the shape of the stress tensor on the breakout orientation(from Desroches and Etchecopar, 2005)
.. assuming constant orientation of the main stresses
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - StavangerOrdering the stresses by breakout analysis in the argillites
(from Desroches and Etchecopar, 2005)
Q=0.5
Q=1
Q=2
Q=3
Q=2.5
Q=1.5
Q=0
2.3 >Q>1.8
H> V= h
h N 60-65
In agreement with hydrofrac results: h = V
Deviated borehole (60°/vert)
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Variation of h with lithology : Orientation
Orientations are roughly constant in the Callovio-Oxfordian and in the Dogger
Orientations in the Oxfordian turn 40 degrees when approaching the contact with the Callovio-Oxfordian
H N150°E : Major tectonic shortening during the last Alpine Orogeny
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
σh and σv magnitudes : variation with lithology !• Huge difference between
limestone and shales
• σh magnitudes are very similar in the limestones surrounding the clays
• σh is 3 in the limestones and 2 in the middle of the clays formation
• And what’s about σH ?
h
V
Weight of sediments
Depth m.
Limestone
Limestone
Shale
?H
v
h
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Sleeve fracturing and sleeve reopening in the clay formation
Sleeve fracturingHydraulic testing
Sleeve reopening –H estimation
A special test has been performed at 504min a sub-horizontal well
In order to estimate H
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Sleeve reopening – Identification of packer pressure for opening of the fracture
UBI before test UBI after test
Estimation of σH
Max. value : Pr = 20,3 MPa
Min. value : Pr = 18,1 MPa
12.7 MPa ≤ H ≤ 14.8 MPaH – P0 = 3(v – P0) – (Pr – P0)
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Maximum horizontal stress H estimation
by• sleeve reopening• breakouts analysis• shaft convergence
H estimated : 14-15 MPa
Approximately constant with depth
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
EPG – Long term monitoring at the laboratory location
28/10/01 26/04/02 23/10/02 21/04/03 18/10/03 15/04/04 12/10/04 10/04/05 07/10/05 05/04/06-100
0
100
200
300
400
500H
YD
RA
ULI
C H
EA
D (m
AS
L)
borehole EST212 (upper EPG )borehole EST212 (lower EPG )borehole EST211borehole EST103
M
D/e
pg p
rese
ntat
ion
E.gr
f
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
EPG – pressure profile
270 290 310 330 350 370
Charges hydrauliques (mNGF)
800
700
600
500
400
300
Prof
onde
ur (m
/sol
)
charge théoriqueEST103 : W estbay e t EPGEST210 : su ivi de n iveauEST211 : EPGEST212 : EPGest207 : W estbay
s
ynth
èse
char
ges.
grf
Oxfordien
Callovo-Oxfordien
Dogger
Profil de charges apparentes(P rofondeurs ram enées à la co te
du rad ie r EST205 : 366,01 m N G F)
In situ stress profile
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Conclusions
• To determine the complete state of stress in a lithologic sequence a combination of methods is required
• Hydraulic fracturing and image analysis in deviated boreholes are perfectly complimentary
Such a combination allowed the determination of the complete state of stress
• In the studied sequence, there is a large difference in the state of stress in the limestones and that in the argillites
• The pore pressure profile looks like to stress profile but …..
• Is that a common behavior? How could one predict it?
- D TR ADPE 06-0607/ A ©
FORCE shale seminar 18 &19 Sept. 2006 - Stavanger
Thank you for your attention !