zack bick erin riggs alicia helton cara dickerson presentation by:

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Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

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Page 1: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Zack Bick

Erin Riggs

Alicia Helton

Cara Dickerson

Presentation by:

Page 2: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

What is it?What is it? San Andreas Fault,

geological fault zone in California

800mi long and approx. 10mi deep

Right lateral strike-slip fault Imperial Valley to Point Arena Marks the boundary between

N.American and Pacific plates Movement of the plates

cause earthquakes

Page 3: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Surface FeaturesSurface Features

A linear trough reveals the presence of the fault The fault zone is marked by distinctive landforms These include long straight escarpments, narrow ridges, and small

un-drained ponds Stream channels characteristically jog sharply to the right where they

cross the fault

Page 4: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Brief HistoryBrief History The San Andreas Fault has

been dated at 29 million years old

The greatest recorded movement at one time was 5 meters in the great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906

This measured an 8.25 on the Richter Scale

Page 5: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Major Earthquakes Along the Fault Major Earthquakes Along the Fault 1906, San Francisco Began at 5:12 am, lasted

20-25 seconds and the aftershocks lasted 45-60 seconds

It measured 8.25 on the Richter Scale

Page 6: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

1906 San Francisco Quake1906 San Francisco Quake

The number of deaths resulting from the quake and the fire following the quake was 3,000

The total number of injuries was 225,000 The property damage that occurred was estimated

at $400million in 1906 dollars.

Page 7: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

1952 Kern County Quake1952 Kern County Quake Occurred on July 21,

at 5 am The quake measured 7.5

on the Richter Scale The quake was felt from

Reno, Nevada to San Diego, California

Page 8: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

1952 Quake1952 Quake

The quake came as a surprise to geologists The quake was responsible for:

12 deaths18 injuries $50 million in property damage

Page 9: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

1989 Loma Prieta Quake1989 Loma Prieta Quake Occurred October 17th, at

5 pm The magnitude was

estimated 7.1 on the Richter Scale

The quake did not come as a surprise to geologists

Page 10: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

1989 Quake 1989 Quake

The quake caused damage in San Francisco and Oakland

The 1989 earthquake caused: $7 billion in damage 12,000 displaced people 3,757 injuries and 67 deaths

Page 11: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

New Designs and Construction of Buildings in Earthquake Prone Areas

New Designs and Construction of Buildings in Earthquake Prone Areas

Buildings, homes, bridges and overpasses will be built to withstand strong shaking

Some cities have programs to tear down unstable buildings or homes

Automatic shut off of gas lines when the P-wave hits to limit fire hazards

Page 12: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Places not to build homes or buildings: Ground failure areas of

liquefaction Landslide prone areas

Selective Use of LandSelective Use of Land

Page 13: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Accurate Prediction of Earthquakes(A Work In Progress)

Accurate Prediction of Earthquakes(A Work In Progress)

China has been the only country who has predicted an earthquake nine hours before, in which they saved lives However, the next quake they had came unexpected

In Tokyo, Japan they are hard away at work trying to learn how to successfully predict earthquakes

Other geologists around the world are also working to find an answer to predict the quakes

Page 14: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Earthquake ProbabilityEarthquake Probability Research conducted since

the 1989 quake helped USGS and other scientists conclude:

70% probability of at least one magnitude 6.7 or greater quake

21% probability of that 70% is on the San Andreas Fault

The quake might strike the San Francisco Bay region before 2030

Major quakes may occur in any part of this region

Communities in the Bay Area region continue to prepare for earthquakes

Page 15: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

Earthquake OddsEarthquake Odds Rates of large earthquakes in

the San Francisco have dropped after the Great 1906 Earthquake.

San Andreas Fault slipped so much over such a great length in that quake that the strain was reduced on most faults throughout the region.

Strain has been slowly building

up again. However, level of seismic activity

has not yet reached that of the late 1800's.

Page 16: Zack Bick Erin Riggs Alicia Helton Cara Dickerson Presentation by:

In Conclusion, we’ve learned:In Conclusion, we’ve learned: The geography of the San

Andreas Fault A few of the major quakes

on the fault What everyone can do to

help reduce the risk of disaster when a quake hits

Probability of the next big earthquake