Preliminary Key Findings

2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey

The 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey was implemented by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) in partnership with the Ministry of Health as well as the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) – Virology Laboratory, the Tropical Disease Research Center (TDRC) and the Department of Population Studies at the University of Zambia (UNZA). The Government through the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance provided funding for the survey. ICF International provided technical assistance as well as funding to the project through The DHS Program, a USAID-funded project providing support and technical assistance in the implementation of population and health surveys in countries worldwide. Additional funding for the ZDHS was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

Objectives

The primary objective of the 2013-14 ZDHS was to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, child feeding practices, nutritional status of women and children, awareness and attitudes regarding HIV and AIDS, sexual behavior and condom use, maternal and child health, adult and childhood mortality, and domestic violence. This information is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in evaluating and designing programmes and strategies for improving health and family planning services in the country.

The Survey

• It is the 5th Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Zambia as part of The DHS Program.

• It was designed to provide estimates at the national and provincial levels as well as urban and rural levels

Survey Activities

Activity TimeListing November 2012-January 2013

Training of Trainers November 2012

Pretest February 2013

Main training May-June 2013

Data collection August 2013- April 2014

Data processing September 2013-June 2014

Results of the household and individual interviews

Households SelectedHouseholds OccupiedHouseholds Interviewed

Household Response Rate

18,05216,25815,920

98%

Eligible WomenWomen Interviewed

Response Rate

17,06416,411

96%

Eligible MenMen Interviewed

Response Rate

18,229 14,773

91%

Background characteristics

45-49

40-44

35-39

30-34

25-29

20-24

15-19

6

9

12

15

17

18

22

7

10

12

14

14

17

25

MenWomen

Percent distribution of women and men aged 15-49

Background characteristics

Lusaka

Copperbelt

Southern

Eastern

Central

Northern

Luapula

Western

Muchinga

North Western

Urban

Rural

20

17

12

12

9

7

7

6

5

4

46

54

21

18

13

13

9

7

6

5

5

4

47

53

MenWomen

Percent distribution of women and men aged 15-49

Educational Attainmentof Respondents Age 15-49

Percent of women and men age 15-49

Women Men

8 4

47

40

40

49

5 8

More than secondarySecondaryPrimaryNo education

Marital Status

Widowed

Divorced/separated

Living together

Married

Never married

4

9

1

60

28

<1

4

1

51

44

Men Women

Percent distribution of women and men age 15-49

Fertility Trends

1992 1996 2001-02 2007 2013-14

6.56.1 5.9 6.2

5.3

TFR for women age 15-49

Trends in Use of Family Planning

Any method Any modern method Traditional method

159

6

26

14 12

34

25

9

41

33

8

4945

4

1992 1996 2001-02 2007 2013-14

Percent of currently married women age 15-49

Trends in Childhood Mortality

Neonatal Mortality Infant Mortality Under-five Mortality

43

107

191

35

109

197

37

95

168

34

70

119

2445

75

1992 1996 2001-02 2007 2013-14

Deaths per 1,000 live births for the 5-year period before the survey

Trends in Immunization Coverage

1992 1996 2001-02 2007 2013-14

67

78

70 68 68

Percent of children 12-23 months fully vaccinated

Trends in Immunization CoveragePercent of children 12-23 months fully vaccinated

BCG DPT 3 Polio 3 Measles All None

95

77 76 77

67

4

97

86 84 8778

2

94

80 8084

70

3

92

80 7785

68

6

95

8678

85

68

2

1992 1996 2001-02 2007 2013-14

Childhood Illness Prevalence

Fever Diarrhoea Symptoms of ARI

2116

4

Percent of children under 5 with diarrhoea, fever, symptoms of ARI in the two weeks before the survey

Diarrhoea Treatment

Treatment was sought from a health facil-ity/ provider

Given ORS

Given any ORT

65

64

70

Percent of children under 5 with diarrhoea in the two weeks before the survey

Treatment for ARI and Fever

Treatment was sought from a health facility/ provider 68

Percent of children under 5 with symptoms of ARI in the two weeks before the survey

Treatment was sought from a health facility/ provider 70

Percent of children under 5 with fever in the two weeks before the survey

Exclusive Breastfeeding by Age

0-1 2-3 4-5 0-5

9485

45

73

Age in months

Percent of children exclusively breastfed

Nutritional Status of Children

Stunted (too short for age)

Wasted (too thin for height)

Underweight (too thin for age)

23

4

12

17

2

3

Moderate Severe

Percent of children under 5

15

40

6

*Based on the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards

Trends in Nutritional StatusPercent of children under age 5

Stunting Wasting Underweight

46

6

21

49

5

19

53

6

23

45

5

15

40

6

15

1992 1996 2001-02 2007 2013-14

*Based on the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards

Trends in Use of ITNs

Children under 5 Pregnant women 15-49

7.3 8.9

28.532.7

5762

2001-02 2007 2013-14

Percent who slept under an ITN the night before the survey

Trends in ANC AttendanceAmong women age 15-49 who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey, percentage who received antenatal care from a skilled provider for the last live birth

Antenatal care from a skilled provider

92

96

93 94

96

ZDHS 1992 ZDHS 1996 ZDHS 2001-02ZDHS 2007 ZDHS 2013-2014

Trends in health facility delivery, assistance during delivery

Among all live births in the five years before the survey, percentage delivered by a skilled provider and percentage delivered in a health facility

Births delivered in a health facility Births assisted by a skilled provider

51 5047 4744 4348 47

67 64

ZDHS 1992 ZDHS 1996 ZDHS 2001-02ZDHS 2007 ZDHS 2013-2014

Maternal Mortality

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for the 7-year period before the survey =

398 deaths per 100,000 live births[95% Confidence Interval ranges from 323 to 474

deaths per 100,000 births]