Zemax Lumerical InteroperabilityWebinar Series: Part 1

• Akil Bhagat• Zemax• Optical Engineer

• Amy Liu• Lumerical Solutions• Product Manager

Hello!

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• Zemax delivers software, training, and support services for optical, laser, illumination, and optomechanical system design

• We’ve been developing and supporting optical and illumination design software for over 25 years!

• In 1990, Dr. Ken Moore founded ZEMAX Development Corporation to commercialize ZEMAX optical design software, now called OpticStudio

• The initial versions were aimed at classical lens design, but over the years the capabilities and breadth of systems it could handle expanded immensely

• Headquarters in Seattle, WA with offices in the UK, China, Japan, and Taiwan

Zemax Company Intro

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Zemax Virtual Prototype Products

Optical Simulation Optomechanical Simulation Hands On Training

Instructor-led classroom, online and private courses

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• Based in Vancouver BC, Canada• Started in 2003 in a solarium by four photonic designers• Our products are licensed by the world’s most

innovative organizations in more than 40 countries:

• 800+ customer sites• 10 of the 15 largest technology firms1• 46 of the top 50 engineering and technology research universities2

• 1 S&P GLOBAL 1200 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CONSTITUENTS: http://us.spindices.com/indices/equity/sp-global-1200-information-technology-sector2 TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION UNIVERSITY RANKINGS: https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/

Lumerical Company Intro

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Lumerical Products

Component Design

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System Design

FDTD SolutionsNANOPHOTONIC SOLVER (2D/3D)

MODE SolutionsWAVEGUIDE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT

Optical Simulation Electrical Simulation

DEVICE CTCHARGE TRANSPORT SOLVER (2D/3D)

Thermal Simulation

DEVICE HTHEAT TRANSPORT SOLVER (2D/3D)

Circuit Simulation

INTERCONNECTPHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SIMULATOR

InteroperabilityCadence Virtuoso & SpectrePhoeniX OptoDesigner

Model LibrariesCompact ModelGeneration and Management

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• Modern optical devices often involve structures over a wide range of length scales

• Need simulation tools that can accurately capture light interaction with a wide range of features sizes

• More than 1 solver is required!• Zemax and Lumerical are collaborating to provide simulation

methodologies that allows for coupling from nanoscale light to macroscopic

Nanoscale Optics vs Macroscale Optics

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• Nanoscale optics require simulations of EM fields. Often, direct simulations of Maxwell’s equations are required

• Few approximations = accurate • Ideal for simulations with wavelength-scale and sub wavelength-scale features• Time consuming and memory intensive, not practical for optically large geometries

• Macroscopic optics are based mainly on the ray and wave models of light• The ray model is accurate for systems where any optically relevant components are

much larger than the wavelength• The wave model approximation used in OpticStudio is accurate for relatively simple

components on the scale of wavelength, but starts to break down with more complicated structures

Nanoscale Optics vs Macroscale Optics

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• Example: OLED/LED display

Nanoscale Optics vs Macroscale Optics

300 mm

20 mm

30 um500 nm

100 nm

Nanoscale Macroscale

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• Lumerical Solutions provides a variety of electromagnetic-field solvers to address nanophotonic applications with different length scales

• Based on analytical methods• Multilayer stack analysis Stack Optical Solver

• Based on direct simulations of Maxwell’s equations• Eigenmode analysis of a waveguide or fiber Eigenmode Solver• Light propagation in nanoscale geometries

• For large, guided devices 2.5D variational FDTD Solver Eigenmode Expansion Solver

• For arbitrary 3D geometries Finite-Difference Time-Domain Solver

Nanoscale Optics: Lumerical Optical Solvers

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• Sequential mode for classical optical design• Used to design imaging systems, afocal systems,

and other sequential designs• Physical optics propagation for laser and fiber

systems• Used to design optical systems with laser beams and

fiber coupling• Non-sequential mode for illumination, lighting,

and stray light• Used to design for uniform illumination from real

sources, stray light analysis, optomechanical design, and other non-sequential designs

Macroscale Optics: Zemax OpticStudio

Zemax © 2017

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• Historically there has been many challenges associated with this conversion including:

• Need to exchange data between electromagnetic field solvers and rays or waves• Manual, prone to mistakes• Not always intuitive

• Ex. how to extract ray set from wave optics? Polarized vs unpolarized? Coherence vs incoherence?

• Zemax and Lumerical are collaborating with the goal of providing end users with simple workflows for a wide variety of applications

From Nanoscale to Macroscale Optics

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• Versions• Available in Lumerical’s optical solvers (June 2017 and beyond)• Compatible with OpticStudio 16 and beyond

• EM Field information can be exchanged via ZBF file format• Relevant for most applications• Includes

• zbfimport/zbfexport: store field information to be used as source • zbfread/zbfwrite: load/save field data into workspace• UI interface

• Ray sets can be exchanged via the Source File object • Useful for OLED/LED display• Additional scripting required

• Other formats• Examples: BSDF function for rough surfaces … etc• Additional scripting required

Zemax-Lumerical Interoperability

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• Lens to fibers and waveguides• OLED/LED display• BSDF• Diffractive/Metalens for wearable optics (preview)

Application Examples

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Examples: Lens to Fibers and Waveguides

• Optimizing lens systems to maximize coupling into fiber or waveguide modes• Complex fiber/waveguide geometries cannot be accurately modeled in OpticStudio• Macroscopic lens systems cannot be optimized efficiently in Lumerical

• Example: optimize coupling from a photonic crystal (PC) fiber into an SMF-28 fiber

Lens to Fibers and Waveguides: Background

Optimize lens system with Zemax

Simulate with

Lumerical

Simulate with

Lumerical

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• Nanoscale optics• Lumerical’s finite-difference eigenmode (FDE) solver can be used to determine the

physical properties of the optical modes support by an arbitrary waveguide geometry• Lumerical’s eigenmode expansion (EME) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)

solvers can be used to simulate light propagation through waveguide devices

• Wave optics• OpticStudio’s physical optics propagation (POP) can be used to propagate an arbitrary

beam and optimize lens systems based upon analysis of the beam’s propagation

• Methodology• The mode information can be exchanged between OpticStudio and Lumerical’s

optical solvers via ZBF format

Lens to Fibers and Waveguides: Simulation

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• MODE Solutions’ Eigenmode Solver can be used for modal analysis of waveguides and fibers with an arbitrary cross section

• Automatically calculates neff, loss, group index, group velocity, dispersion• Mode profile can be loaded to/from OpticStudio (.zbf format)

Lens to Fibers and Waveguides: Lumerical Eigenmode Solver

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• ZBF files from OpticStudio can also be loaded into Lumerical’s propagation solvers to be used as a source for light propagation in guided devices

• https://www.lumerical.com/support/whitepaper/optical_solvers_integrated_optical_components.html

• Use MODE Solutions’ bidirectional Eigenmode Expansion (EME) Solver for long passive components

• Example: edge coupler

• Use FDTD Solutions • Example: grating coupler

Lens to Fibers and Waveguides: Lumerical EME/FDTD Solvers

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https://www.lumerical.com/support/whitepaper/optical_solvers_integrated_optical_components.html

• Sequential mode in OpticStudio traces a set of rays that assume each ray will hit the next surface in sequence.

• Used to design imaging systems, afocal systems, and other sequential designs• Huge number of analyses

• FFT, Huygens MTF and PSF• Aberrations• Spot diagram• Interferogram• ETC.

• Physical optics propagation for laser and fiber systems• Laser beams• Fiber coupling• Wave model

Lens to Fiber Coupling Zemax OpticStudio

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Optimize lens system with

Zemax

• OpticStudio takes the fiber output from Lumerical and propagates it through the system in OpticStudio using the Physical Optics Propagation (POP) tool

• The optical system can then be optimized to improve coupling, spot size, power, peak irradiance, etc.

Lens to Fiber Coupling: Zemax OpticStudio

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• Lumerical• Use MODE Solutions Eigenmode Solver to find the

fundamental mode of a PC fiber• Load mode profile into ZBF format• (Optional) load ZBF files into MODE Solutions and

FDTD Solutions

• Zemax• Use OpticStudio to find the optimal lens system for

maximizing coupling from PC fiber into SMF fiber

Live Demo

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Examples: OLED/LED Display

• Designing OLED/LED displays• Sub-wavelength features such as thin dispersive layers and scattering structures require

electromagnetic field solvers• Emission from the macroscopic device needs to modeled with ray tracing

• One can calculate the angular distribution of an OLED/LED pixel with Lumerical’s optical solvers and load this into OpticStudio in the form of ray sets, so that the OpticStudio simulation has fidelity to the actual design of the light sources

OLED/LED Display: Background

300 mm

20 mm

30 um0.5 um

0.1 um

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• Nanoscale optics• Lumerical’s FDTD Solutions and Stack Optical Solver can be used to determine how

the quantum efficiency and extraction efficiency is affected by the presence of wavelength-scale features

• Ray optics• OpticStudio’s non-sequential mode can trace rays into any arbitrary optical system to

analyze imaging, illumination, scattering, and photoluminescence results expected on real-world detection systems

• Methodology• The angular distribution of radiated power from Lumerical’s optical solvers can be

turned into ray set and loaded into OpticStudio to study the incoherent emission from a macroscopic device

OLED/LED Display: Simulation

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• Lumerical’s Stack optical solver uses analytical methods to determine the optical response of a multilayer stack

• More efficient than direct simulation of Maxwell’s equations for planar systems• Calculate radiance, luminance, X/Y/Z tristimulus values, quantum efficiency and extraction

efficiency for any multilayer OLED/LED design• https://www.lumerical.com/support/video/optimize-oled.html

• Many effects can be accurately accounted for• Multilayer interference• Dispersive, birefringent materials• Dipole position/orientation, dipole spectrum• Microcavity effects

• Typical applications: OLEDs, LEDs, VCSELs

OLED/LED Display: Lumerical Stack Optical Solver

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https://www.lumerical.com/support/video/optimize-oled.html

• For designs that contain scattering structures, direct simulations of Maxwell’s equations are necessary

• Lumerical’s FDTD Solutions is ideal for capturing the effects of wavelength-scale patterning and its impact on the efficiency of the device

• https://kb.lumerical.com/en/index.html?oleds.html

OLED/LED Display: Lumerical FDTD Solutions

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no patterning patterning

https://kb.lumerical.com/en/index.html?oleds.html

• Non-sequential Mode in OpticStudio traces geometric rays without assuming there is a predefined sequence of surfaces

• Multiple sources and detectors can be defined in arbitrary positions• Rays are traced using Snell’s law• Accounts for polarization and phase

• Applications include:• Illumination• Biomedical devices• Validation of sequential models• Stray light testing• Photoluminescence modeling • AR/VR Displays

OLED/LED Display: Zemax OpticStudio

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• Lumerical• Use the Stack Optical Solver to calculate the angular

distribution of radiated power for a simple OLED• Generate RGB ray sets from the angular distribution• (Optional) use FDTD Solutions to simulation light

propagation in an OLED with PC structures

• Zemax• Use OpticStudio to design a LED lamp

Live Demo

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• This workflow is still under active development! • Lumerical is currently investigating a variety of different ways to convert

angular emission distribution results into raysets• Currently, additional scripting is required for this conversion• Sample scripts are available upon request

• Please contact us at support@lumerical if you are interested in this application

OLED/LED Display: Questions

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Examples: Rough Surfaces

• FDTD Solutions can be used to extract the Bidirectional Scattering Distribution function (BSDF) for any surface with nanoscale structures

• https://kb.lumerical.com/en/index.html?particle_scattering_bsdf.html

• Result can be loaded into OpticStudio• http://www.zemax.com/os/resources/learn/knowledgebase/how-to-use-tabular-bsdf-data-to-define-the-surface

Rough Surfaces

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https://kb.lumerical.com/en/index.html?particle_scattering_bsdf.htmlhttp://www.zemax.com/os/resources/learn/knowledgebase/how-to-use-tabular-bsdf-data-to-define-the-surface

Examples: Diffractive/Metalens

• Lens design requires precise control over the phase, amplitude and polarization of light

• Traditional approach • Based on refractive optics• Requires bulky lens systems, does not allow for miniaturization

• Diffractive optics• Based on interference and diffraction principles• Allows for thinner elements

• Metalenses• Based on metamaterials/metasurfaces• Create effective macroscopic behavior through artificial “unit cells” or

“atoms” constructed with subwavelength features• Can be constructed to have a user-designed EM response, and achieve

optical properties not possible with conventional optics

Diffractive/Metalens: Background

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• Designing diffractive/metalenses for practical applications requires both EM simulations and ray tracing

• Diffractive lenses and metalenses contain (sub-) wavelength-scale structures• Lens systems still need to be optimized with ray optics

Diffractive/Metalens: Background

M. Khorasaninejad et al., “Visible wavelength planar metalenses based on titanium dioxide,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2017.

H, U, W, L ~ 40nm-600nm

(a) (b)

H

(c)

U

L

W

θLP

Fiber Coupled Collimator

Tube Lens

QWP

Metalens

Objective

LaserCamera

NA = 0.9

100X

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• Lumerical’s finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solver can be used to design and simulate light propagation through metalenses

• Unit cell simulations for initial design• Full lens simulations for verification• Load nearfield result into OpticStudio

Diffractive/Metalens: Lumerical FDTD Solutions

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• OpticStudio’s Physical Optics Propagation tool (POP) can be used to propagate diffractive beams through standard optical lens systems

• The optical system can then be optimized using the diffractive input beams

Diffractive/Metalens: Zemax OpticStudio

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• Diffractive/Metalens for High Performance Wearable Optical Devices• How to use Lumerical’s FDTD Solutions and Zemax’s OpticStudio to design ultra-thin optical components

for high performance wearable optical devices/systems such as virtual and augmented reality

• Guest Speaker: Dr. Khorasaninejad (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences)• https://scholar.harvard.edu/reza_khorasaninejad/home• https://www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2016/06/metalens-works-in-visible-spectrum-sees-smaller-than-wavelength-of-light

• Registration• https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/8541192524806953475

June 28th Webinar

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https://scholar.harvard.edu/reza_khorasaninejad/homehttps://register.gotowebinar.com/register/8541192524806953475

Summary

• Zemax and Lumerical are collaborating to provide simulation methodologies that allows for coupling from nanoscale light to macroscopic

• EM Field information can be exchanged via ZBF file format• Relevant for most applications• Ex. Lens to fibers and waveguides, diffractive lenses, metalenses

• Ray sets can be exchanged via the Source File object• Useful for OLED/LED display• Additional scripting required

• Other formats• Examples: BSDF function for rough surfaces• Additional scripting required

• We would love to hear your feedback on applications you would like to see!

Summary

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• If you’re interested in learning more about Zemax or Lumerical, please check out our websites below!

• http://zemax.com/modern• www.lumerical.com

Contact Us

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http://zemax.com/modernhttp://www.lumerical.com/

• Please submit your questions using the GoToWebinar controls

Questions?

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Thank You!

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Zemax Lumerical InteroperabilityHello! Zemax Company IntroZemax Virtual Prototype ProductsLumerical Company IntroLumerical ProductsNanoscale Optics vs Macroscale OpticsNanoscale Optics vs Macroscale OpticsNanoscale Optics vs Macroscale OpticsNanoscale Optics: Lumerical Optical SolversMacroscale Optics: Zemax OpticStudioFrom Nanoscale to Macroscale OpticsZemax-Lumerical InteroperabilityApplication ExamplesExamples: �Lens to Fibers and WaveguidesLens to Fibers and Waveguides: BackgroundLens to Fibers and Waveguides: Simulation Lens to Fibers and Waveguides: Lumerical Eigenmode SolverLens to Fibers and Waveguides: Lumerical EME/FDTD SolversLens to Fiber Coupling Zemax OpticStudioLens to Fiber Coupling: Zemax OpticStudioLive Demo Examples: �OLED/LED DisplayOLED/LED Display: BackgroundOLED/LED Display: SimulationOLED/LED Display: Lumerical Stack Optical SolverOLED/LED Display: Lumerical FDTD SolutionsOLED/LED Display: Zemax OpticStudioLive Demo OLED/LED Display: QuestionsExamples: �Rough SurfacesRough SurfacesExamples: Diffractive/MetalensDiffractive/Metalens: BackgroundDiffractive/Metalens: BackgroundDiffractive/Metalens: Lumerical FDTD SolutionsDiffractive/Metalens: Zemax OpticStudioJune 28th WebinarSummarySummaryContact UsQuestions?Thank You!