zhou dynasty zhou dynasty 1027-256 bc shang dynasty ended with a slave revolt joined by shang...
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Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Shang Dynasty ended with a slave revolt joined by Shang vassals. The Zhou took over the Shang capital at Anyang.
The last Shang king used the skulls of his vanquished enemies as drinking cups.
King Wen and his son King Wu finally defeat the Shang.
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
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Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Government
The Zhou rule by the Mandate of Heaven which means they had the right to overthrown a bad ruler. Their capital was at Chou-tsung (Tsung-chou) in the Wei river valley.
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Territory
The Zhou’s area of influence was from the Wei River Valley to the China Sea north to Manchuria and south to the Yangtze river.
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Occupations
Land was cultivated under ownership of hereditary lords. The Well Field System focused on the center plot of land since it was owned by the lord. Work was done on the outer plots after the center plot was done.
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Philosophy
The Five Classics
The Book of Songs
(Shih Ching)
Consisted of 300 songs or poems
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Philosophy
The Five Classics
The Book of Changes
(I Ching)
Composed at different periods, it had three line trigrams of complete or broken lines purporting
to read the future.
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Philosophy
The Five Classics
Book of Rituals
(I-Chi)
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Philosophy
The Five Classics
Historical Documents
(Shu Ching)
Documented Shang and Zhou Dynasty
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Philosophy
The Five Classics
Spring and Autumn Annals
(Ch’un Ch’iu)
Record of major events in Lu, the home state of Confucius from 722-481 BC.
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Technology
Iron tipped plow blades, spades, axes and crossbow with a trigger mechanism
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Videohttp://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty-
chou.cfm
Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
Warring States Period
1050-770 Western Zhou
770-256 Eastern Zhou
ConfucianismConfucius (551-479 B.C.)
K’ung Fu-tze
What is it?
The belief that people can be molded and elevated by education and by the virtuous
example of others.
It is a set of ethical rules, a moral philosophy.
ConfucianismBeliefs
--placing stress on order
--people are born good and inclined to virtue
--filial piety-respect for parents
--Li (Chinese unit of distance) ritual rites
Main Axiom
“Do not unto others what you do not want them to do to you”
The Analects—Confucius’ main body of work put together by his disciples
ConfucianismFollowers of Confucius
Meng-tzu (Mencius) (c.372-c.289 BC)
--lived during the Warring States Period
--focused on goodness, human-heartedness, compassion and responsibility for the welfare
of others.
ConfucianismHsun-tzu (Xun-Zi) (c. 300-237 BC)
--Human nature is not good, human emotions and desires lead to conflict.
ConfucianismMo-tzu (Mo Zi)
--Rival to Confucius
--He denounces war and promotes what he calls universal love
--He believed that “if everyone would love others as much as he loves himself”, the interests of society
would be served.
--He was utilitarian and believed that emotions, art, music, funerals and ceremonies were wasteful.
Confucianism
Confucianismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYQ1hcpUedU
Taoism--The Tao (Dao) = The Way
Basic Axiom—silence, inaction
--They urged the acceptance of things as they are
--Based on the idea of dualism
TaoismYIN
Soft
Gentle
Intuitive
Female
Taoist
Yang
Strong
Assertive
Intellectual
Male
Confucianist
Taoism—Yin Yang Circle
Smart-kit.com
TaoismTao te Ching (Classic of the Way)
Written by Lao-tzu (The Old One)
Those who understand don’t talk; those who talk don’t understand.
Taoism Tao te Ching
The Way is void, yet inexhaustible when tapped
Emptying one’s heart in pursuit of the Void, that is the exhaustion of all inquires
Men should be bland, like melting ice, pure and peaceful like a block of uncarved wood.
Taoism Tao te Ching
We put thirty spokes together and call it a wheel;
But it is the space where there is nothing that the usefulness of the wheel depends.
We turn clay to make a vessel;
But it is the space where there is nothing that the usefulness of the vessel depends.
We pierce doors and windows to make a house,
And it is on those spaces where there is nothing that the usefulness of the house depends.
Therefore, just as we take advantage of what is,
We should recognize the usefulness of what is not.
Ch’in (Qin) Dynasty
221 B.C.-------206 B.C.
Ch’in Dynasty
Ch’in DynastyFacts
--Smallest and most remote of the Zhou dependencies
--They valued frugality, hard work and discipline
--Virtually no art, culture, music, literature or theater. Book learning was condemned.
Ch’in DynastyGovernment
Legalists—influenced by Hsun-tzu’s view of
human nature and Mo-tzu’s utilitarianism.
Han Fei-tzu—chief essayist of legalism. He
stressed the need for severe laws and harsh
punishments as the only way to establish order.
Ch’in DynastyShi Huang Ti—he built a new capital at Hsian
Yang in the Wei River Valley.
Policies
Primogeniture—(eldest son inherits property
and status) was abolished.
Slavery—abolished except for domestic servants
Laws—applied to all even aristocrats
Ch’in DynastyWorks Projects
--Imperial System of roads and canals
--His own tomb
--The Great Wall
Ch’in Dynasty
Ch’in Dynasty
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4ikRlTAox0
Ch’in Dynasty
Ch’in Authoritarianism
Burning of books
Highly developed police system
Travel restricted
Ch’in Dynasty
Ch’in Dynasty Video
http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty-chin.cfm
Han Dynasty
202 B.C.-------220 A.D.
Han Dynasty
Han DynastyLiu Bang founded the Han
in 202, he was from
peasant origins.
Han Kao-tsu (High
Progenitor)
First Emperor
Liu BangAbolished
Restrictions on travel
Controls on Education
High Taxes
Retained
Conscription in the Army
Forced Labor for works projects
Han DynastyHan Wu Ti ruled from 141-87 B.C.
Government
Ever-Normal Granary System—
Prevented famine by collecting grain in good years for sale at controlled prices during lean
years
Han DynastyGovernment
Confucianism the State philosophy.
Why?
Government
Imperial Exams—
Had to learn the Five Classics
They helped to lessen corruption, mediocrity and ineffectiveness.
Trade and Commerce
Silk RoadSilk was the main export from China andwas in demand in the West.
Chang Ch’ien was captured by a Turkishcavalry group for ten years. He returned in 126 B.C. with grapevine cuttings, alfalfaseeds and news of Rome.
Trade and Commerce
Video BreakHan Dynasty
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkaxdGRgQgA
Trade and Commerce
Parthians the middle men of the Silk Road.
They feared direct contact between China
and Rome.
The Han had met the Parthians in 97 A.D.
and told them to turn back.
Han Dynasty
Achievements
Paper—appeared at the end of the first century
B.C.
Porcelain—glazed, nonporous ware, aka
China.
Wheelbarrow—wheel centered in the middle
Achievements
Ssu-ma Ch’ien (Simaqien)
China’s grand historian, he replaced many
of the historical records destroyed by the
Ch’in.
Han SculptureDrum Jar
Han SculptureHan Dynasty Video
http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty-han.cfm
Han Dynasty Decline and Collapse
Emperors of the last century were weak
--High taxation
--Large land owners taxed less
--Peasants fled to the south
--Barbarians
The Six Dynasties(220-589)
Period of the Three Kingdoms
(220-290)
Shu, Wei and the Wu
Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty (581-618)
Sui Wen Ti founded the Sui
Yang Ti (604-618) builds canal from
Hangzhou in the south to Kaifeng in the
North.
He rebuilds the Great Wall
Achievements
Gunpowder
Coal as a fuel source
Magnetized needle for north
T’ang Dynasty(618-907)
Li shih-min—founder of the T’ang, Chinese
and Barbarian blood.
He takes the title of T’ai Tsung (Tai zong)
which means Great Ancestor.
T’ang Dynasty
Government
Maintained the Civil Service Exam.
Government officials were known as
Mandarians.
Rule of Avoidance
Board of Censors
Government
Public Works
Rebuilt the roads of the Ch’in and the
Han. They included post stations along
the road every ten miles to rest or
change horses.
T’ang Achievements
T’ang Dynasty Video
http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty-tang.cfm
Government
Military
The T’ang army was led by
aristocratic families. Horses were a
prized possession. Many mounted
warriors had crossbows, lances and
swords.
T’ang Art
Earthenware with polychrome glaze 725 AD. Glaze is a fine cobalt blue
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T’ang Art
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T’ang Decline and Collapse
--Peasants and small land owners paid the most in taxes
--Imperial Land Grants resulted in land not being taxed
--Corvee Labor no longer enforced, which was required of all fit males
--Mercenaries cost money troops developed loyalty to regional commanders
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