zipporah musyimi cliff workshop
DESCRIPTION
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.TRANSCRIPT
PASTORAL LAND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS IN THE SAHEL: THE CONSEQUENT CLIMATE FORCINGS
ZIPPORAH MUSYIMI
SUPERVISION BY
Prof. Dr. T. Uddelhoven (University Trier) Dr. L. Zida (INERA) Dr. J. de Leeuw (ILRI)
INTRODUCTION
•BACKGROUND •HYPOTHESIS
•REASERCH QUESTIONS •OBJECTIVES
METTHODOLOGY
OUTLINE
•DESCIPTION OF THE STUDY SITE
•DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS
Introduction –Background
Pastoral sytems in African drylands
Pastoral sytems Future resilience –Uncertain due to climate change effects
Way foward – Livelihood diverification options --Mitigation options
????- Managing land for carbon credits (Geochemical) may upset the cooling effects due to warming due to changes in physical land characteristics of land surface (Geophysical)
CARBON CREDITS
Study Relevance – Could the pastorlists benefit from Payment of Environmental Sercives (PAYES) opting for management which mitigate climate?
Research questions • What are the impacts of land management on Above ground carbon stock ?
•What impact do land management options have on surface albedo?
•What is the net Radiative forcing of pastoral land management options considering both the geochemical and geophysical factors? •What are the land dynamics with within 20 years and their implications on SC and Albedo
Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 : Land management have significant impacts on both the geochemical and geophysical climate Forcing Hypothesis 2: Land cover changes influence the both below ground carbon storage and the surface albedo
Aim: Develop a framework for assessment of the climatic forcing consequent of different land management by integrating two lines of evidence: Geophysical and Geochemical
Introduction –Aim, Hypothesis, Research questions
Objectives 1.Assess the impact of land management options on the geochemical climate Forcing (carbon sequestration) (RQ1)
2.Assess the impact of pastoral land management options on the Geophysical forcing (Surface Albedo) –(RQ2)
3.Estimate the net climate forcing consequent from the land management options (Considering Geochemical and Geophyical Factors) (RQ3)
4.Assess land cover changes within 20 year time step and estimate the consequent climatic forcing considering both the biophysical and biochemical aspects (RQ4)
Methods: Description of the study area
Methods: Description of the study site Laba Tiogo
Methods: Description of Land management options
Methods: Description of the experimental design
Grazing Fire Selective cutting Number of plots of (50X50)
Grazing No Grazing
No Fire Annual early fire No fire Annual early fire
No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methods: Description of the study area- experimental layout- Tiogo and Laba
Characteristics Data sets
Albedo and above ground carbon estimation
Land cover changes
Sensor Geo- eye
Spot 4 and 5
Spatial resolution
0.5 m 20km
Temporal subset 3/11/2010, 3/21/2011
21/06/1987, 21/06/1998, 21/06/2009
Projection WGS84
WGS84
Methods: Description of the Remote sensing data
Image Processing
•Atmospheric corrections •Pansharpening
Ready image for analysis
Above ground Carbon stock (AGC)
Above Ground carbon estimation (Field data)
•Calculate Above Ground Biomas •Calculate Above ground Stock
Image Analysis
•Object oriented analysis •Validation
Tree Crowns/species
Spatial Modelling
• Develop a model – Crown Projection Area(CPA) and AGC
•Apply the model to the Image
ABOVE GROUND CARBON MAP
Methods: Estimation of above ground Carbon – Objective 1
•The change in Radiative Forcing for a square meter of ground RM can be calculated as follows Where C =Background atmospheric carbondioxide concentration ∆C = Change in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations attributed to Land management . 86400= is the number of seconds in a day. 5.35 =Converts units of carbon dioxide to radiative forcing.
A change in carbon stock needs to be converted to the corresponding concentration change in the atmosphere
Methods: Radiative Forcings of carbon storage (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)
Considering that 1 ppm in carbon dioxide concentration corresponds to 2.123 GtC: Thus
The total radiative forcing over a year and for the Earth surface as a whole can be calculated as
510x10 12m2 = Surface of the Earth, 365= Number of days in a year. With an atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 390ppm and for the earth as a whole the earth the Radiative Forcing of removal of I tonne carbon can be calculated as
Methods: Radiative Forcings of carbon storage (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)
Image-Rainy season
•Atmospheric corrections
Ready image for analysis
Image Analysis
•Extraction of surface Albedo using ATCORE software
Albedo (Wet season)
Image Processing
• Atmospehericcorrections
Ready image for analysis
Image Analysis
•Extraction of surface Albedo using ATCORE software
Albedo (Dry seson)
Methods: Estimation of surface albedo– Objective 2
Image Processing Image-Dry season
The change in Radiative Forcing due to change in Albedo can be calculated as
= Total daily downward solar radiation
= Difference in Albedo over the short wave spectrum between two different land management options
= The proportion of short wave radiation absorbed by the atmosphere (~20%)
The difference in Radiative Forcing for 50 m2 over a year can be calculated as
2500= Number of square metres of the experimental site
Methods: Radiative Forcings of Surface Albedo (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)
Methods: Land cover /Use changes and impact on soil carbon-Objective 4
THANK YOU