zoonotic parasites

8/3/2019 Zoonotic Parasites

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Zoonotic Parasites

Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu


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What are zoonotic diseases

According to the CDC* a zoonotic disease is anydisease which may be passed from animals to peopleor from people to animals.

CDC: U.S. Communicable Disease Center
http://www.cdc.gov/Features/RabiesSafeFamily/http://www.cdc.gov/Features/RabiesSafeFamily/


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Zoonotic Diseases

Approximately 60% of all humanpathogens are zoonotic

75% of emerging infectious diseaseshave an animal origin

Growing need for veterinarians andphysicians to work together


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Causes of Zoonotic Disease

Bacteria

Virus

Parasites

Fungi


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Parasites and Animals

Many methods of parasite transmissionto people involve animals


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Can you name some animalparasites?


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Vector-borne Parasites

A vector is an agent which transfers aparasite from one host to another

Typical parasite vectors: fleas, ticks,mites, mosquitoes, flies, and otherinsects

People become infected when a vectorpicks up the parasite from an infectedanimal and infects a human


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Parasites carried by Vectors

Many parasites that are carried byvectors are often found in the blood ofhumans and animals


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Trypanosoma Cruzi

Causes Chagas disease.

Damage to heart, digestive tract, and brain (inchildren).

Spread by the Kissing Bug,

native to South America and the southern US

The bug bites the human then defecates next to thewound. Rubbing bite wound spreads parasite into thewound.

Parasite can cycle from animals like armadillos,raccoons, opossums, and foxes to bugs to humans.


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Chagas Disease & The Kissing

Bug

Kissing Bug foundin Texas

Trypanosoma cruziin the blood

Dont Kiss

ME!!!
http://usasearch.gov/search?v%3aproject=firstgov-images&v%3afile=viv_1120%4019%3aOt6qcO&v%3aframe=viewimage&v%3astate=%28root%29%7croot&id=Ndoc4&rpaid=&


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Babesia

Intracellular protozoa found in red bloodcells

Spread by infected TicksIf you play

around trees,check your head

and body forme!!
http://usasearch.gov/search?v%3aproject=firstgov-images&v%3afile=viv_1120%4019%3avzdHXV&v%3aframe=viewimage&v%3astate=%28root%29%7croot&id=Ndoc2&rpaid=&http://usasearch.gov/search?v%3aproject=firstgov-images&v%3afile=viv_1120%4019%3avzdHXV&v%3aframe=viewimage&v%3astate=%28root%29%7croot&id=Ndoc2&rpaid=&http://usasearch.gov/search?v%3aproject=firstgov-images&v%3afile=viv_1120%4019%3avzdHXV&v%3aframe=viewimage&v%3astate=%28root%29%7croot&id=Ndoc2&rpaid=&


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DID YOU KNOW?

Texas A&M University College ofVeterinary Medicine was started to stopthe spread of the Cattle Fever Tick.

The causative agent was a species ofBabesia that the ticks were spreading toTexas cattle.

Thanks

TEXAS A&M!!


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Leishmania

Unlike Babesia and Chagas Disease,Leishmania live in tissue and not theblood

Spread through the bite of an infectedSandfly*

*common on Caribbean beaches


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Leishmania

Human foot


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Waterborne Parasites

Spread when humans come into contactwith water that has been contaminatedby an infected animal

Common waterborne parasites include

Giardia

Cryptosporidium


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Giardia & Cryptosporidium


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Giardia & Cryptosporidium

Get from swallowing water contaminated byanother infected human or animal

Giardia is the 2nd most common parasitic

disease in people Cryptosporidium is the most common

cause of diarrhea from swimming

Both can cause severe diarrheaGross!!! Dont

drink the wateryour swimming

in!!!


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How Do People Get Parasites


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Methods of ParasiteTransmission

Insect bites Animal feces

Handling raw meat and fish

Handling cat litter boxes Contaminated fruits and vegetables

Infected food handlers

Contaminated water Contact with an infected person

I need toWASH MYHANDS!!!


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Broad Categories of Transmission

Vectorborne (insects)

Waterborne

Fecal Oral Transmission Contaminated Meat


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Fecal-Oral Transmission

Most common way people becomeinfected with zoonotic parasites

Parasites are spread to humans whenthey ingest the eggs from the feces of aninfected animal

Parasites spread by fecal oraltransmission generally live in theintestinal tract

I dont feel

so good


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Spread by Fecal Oral Transmission

Hookworms

Roundworms

Hydatid Disease Toxoplasmosis


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Hookworms & Roundworms

They are likemonsters!!!!


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Hookworms & Roundworms

Carried by dogs andcats

Kids often get

infected from playingin sand boxes whichanimals havedefecated

Or by putting toys intheir mouth whichhave been on theground


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Hookworms

Can penetrate theskin and gain entryinto the human body

Bare feet are acommon route ofentry

Wearing shoes is one of thebest ways to preventparasites from entering yourfeet!!!


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Hydatid Disease

After Humans consume the eggs passedby dogs the worms can form huge cystsin the body


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Toxoplasmosis

How many have of youhave heard thatpregnant womenshouldnt clean cat litter

boxes? That is because of the

potential for them tocontract Toxoplasmosis

which can cause them tolose their unborn child.


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Toxoplasmosis

Even though it is commonly associatedwith pregnancy and litter boxes,toxoplasmosis is more commonly

transmitted through undercooked meat According to the CDC toxoplasmosis is

the 3rd leading cause of foodborne

related deaths in the USOrder your

food to becooked all theway!!


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Contaminated Meat

Meat can be contaminated with harmfulbacteria and can also contain parasiticcysts which may infect people.

Common Parasites Found in Meat

Toxoplasmosis

Trichinella

Taenia

Gnathostomosis


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Trichinosis & Taenia

Both caused byeating cysts inundercooked pork orbeef

Incidence rate hasdecreased withbetter animalmanagement andslaughter protocol

Fully cook yourmeat!


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Cysticercosis

If a personconsumes Taeniaeggs they can

develop cysts in theirbrain!


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Gnathostomosis

Similar to Taenia and Trichonosis, butgnathostomosis is found in raw fish

What area do you think this disease ismost common? Asia


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Summary

Zoonotic parasites have many routes oftransmission to people

Vectors

Water

Fecal Contamination

Infected Meat

S H C Y P t t


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So How Can You ProtectYourself?


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Preventing Zoonotic Parasites

Brainstorm some ways we can preventthem Always wash your hands

Keep sand boxes covered Wear shoes

Pick up animal feces when possible

Dont drink untreated water

Cook meat thoroughly


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References

http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htm

http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/index.html

www.nih.gov

www.nsf.gov

www.floridahealthfinder.gov
http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htmhttp://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htmhttp://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/index.htmlhttp://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/index.htmlhttp://www.nih.gov/http://www.nih.gov/http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/index.htmlhttp://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/index.htmlhttp://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htmhttp://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htm

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