1861-1865 the issue of slavery political division social impacts lincoln-douglas debates
TRANSCRIPT
1861-1865
The issue of slavery Political division Social impacts Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Slave States
Slave StatesFree States
Territories
Lincoln 180 1,870,000
Douglas 12 1,380,000
Breckenridge 72 840,000
Bell 39 590,000
Candidate Electoral Votes Popular Vote
What Southerners feared was now a reality – a man had won the presidency based on his dedication to antislavery
December 20, 1860 - South Carolina met in convention and unanimously adopted an ordinance of secession
February 1861- delegates from seven states met in Alabama to adopt a new constitution and elected Jefferson Davis president
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
The upper South was undecided on secession
Republican party refused to do anything to bring these Southern states back in
South did not have the constitutional right to secede
Federal authority in the South silently collapsed as officials took positions under the Confederacy
Two forts were built to protect the U.S. against foreign enemies; Ft. Pickens in Pensacola, Florida and Ft. Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina
Both garrison commanders retained allegiance to the Union and would not lower their flag!
Reinforcements were sent to Sumter but never made it
Lincoln only sends food, not weapons or men
S.C. and the Confederacy felt pressure to prove that they were an independent nation
April 12, 1861 – Confederates fire on Ft. Sumter
April 15, 1861 – Lincoln issued a proclamation that an insurrection existed in the boundaries of the U.S
Lincoln called for 75,000 troops for 3 months
Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia all joined the Confederacy = 11 states total
Yet, the Confederate flag has 13 stars….???
These states were key to both the Union and the Confederacy
Maryland (surrounds Washington, D.C.) and Kentucky(industry/resources) were the most important
Kentucky
Missouri
Maryland
Delaware
1. Had double the Confederacy’s population2. North out produced the South in corn and
wheat3. Twice as many horses as the South4. 9/10s of nation’s industrial capacity5. Twice as many railway lines
1. Union was on the offensive2. South was fighting for their
families and way of life3. Fought on their own
terrain near supply lines4. Just had to resist long
enough to win5. Superior military
leadership
July 1861 – Union and Confederate troops meet at Manassas junction
Both armies are unseasoned and unorganized
The Confederacy claimed victory when the Union troops ran away
This battle let both sides know that it was going to be a long war
No more fighting in 1861 while both sides built up their armies
The Civil War is often referred to as the first modern war because of the use of the rifled musket
July 1863 Union stood strong for three days Great Union victory Bloodiest battle of the war
Promoted to General during the Mexican War
Took command of Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley
Lee’s greatest Lieutenant until he was shot at Chancellorsville and died of pneumonia shortly after
First to be offered field command of UNION troops by Lincoln, but refused
Successful in many early battles, but his defeat at Gettysburg constituted the turning point of the war
Commander of the Northern Virginia troops, but he became commander of all Confederate armies in Feb. 1865
Hero of the West Became supreme
commander of the Union forces March 1864
He wore down Lee’s forces forcing thesurrender at Appomattox, VA on April 9, 1865
After Shiloh was promoted to major general
Captured Atlanta then began his “March to the Sea” to capture Savannah, Georgia (1864)
Took command of U.S. army in 1869 after Grant became president
To retain the loyalty of the border states Lincoln had resisted demands of the radical Republicans for abolition
The Proclamation declared that slaves in all areas still in rebellion were “then, henceforward, and forever free.”
Helps the war effort by offering a moral reason to fight
Sherman led 62,000 men without supplies
Orders were to live off the country and destroy war supplies, public buildings, railroads and factories
Sherman’s actions here are the reason he is often referred to as the first modern general
Start
Union soldiers surround Lee in Virginia – no possible escape route
Confederate troops desperate – many starving
April 9, 1865 Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Lincoln Assassinated!• April 14, 1865 - Lincoln
was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a radical Confederate supporter, while watching a performance of Our American Cousin
• He was carried unconscious across the street where he died the next morning
600,000 dead South devastated Slavery ended with the Thirteenth Amendment,
December 18, 1865Many questions unaswered… Who will be responsible for deciding how to
deal with the rebellious South? Congress? The president?
Will the new president, Andrew Johnson, a southerner, follow Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction?
What will the status of the freemen be?