© 2008 porteon electric vehicles, inc. perspectives on the future of transportation and...

© 2008 Porteon Electric Vehicles, Inc.© 2008 Porteon Electric Vehicles, Inc.

Perspectives on the Future of Transportation and Sustainability

Oregon’s Role in the Emerging Electric Vehicle (EV) Industry

Perspectives on the Future of Transportation and Sustainability

Oregon’s Role in the Emerging Electric Vehicle (EV) Industry

John ThorntonVice President of Manufacturing & Supply Chain

Porteon Electric Vehicles

Oregon SAE Luncheon MeetingFebruary 29, 2008

John ThorntonVice President of Manufacturing & Supply Chain

Porteon Electric Vehicles

Oregon SAE Luncheon MeetingFebruary 29, 2008

Context: Why are electric vehicles (EVs) important?

What are the benefits of an electric vehicle (EV)?

What does it take to build a practical electric car for families?

Will EVs require new infrastructure?

Will EVs require new technology?

Oregon’s prospects in the emerging EV market.

Context: Why are electric vehicles (EVs) important?

What are the benefits of an electric vehicle (EV)?

What does it take to build a practical electric car for families?

Will EVs require new infrastructure?

Will EVs require new technology?

Oregon’s prospects in the emerging EV market.

TopicsTopics

Transportation ProblemsTransportation Problems

CONFIDENTIAL

Air QualityAir Quality Land Use

Land Use

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

CongestionCongestion

XXFuel PricesFuel Prices

Transportation ProblemsTransportation Problems

CONFIDENTIAL

Air QualityAir Quality Land Use

Land Use

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

CongestionCongestion

XXFuel PricesFuel Prices

Climate ChangeEnergy Supply Climate ChangeClimate ChangeEnergy Supply Energy Supply

Schafer A, Victor D. The future mobility of the world population. Transportation Research Part A 2000;34:171-205.

Mobility: History & ProjectionsMobility: History & Projections

IEA Key world energy statistics 2005. IEA, Paris. See also: http://www.iea.org/dbtwwpd/Textbase/nppdf/free/2005/key2005.pdf

Global Transportation Energy Consumption by FuelGlobal Transportation Energy Consumption by Fuel

Electricity as the Ultimate Flexible FuelElectricity as the Ultimate Flexible Fuel

Energy Carrier

LiquidLiquidFuelsFuels


ElectricityElectricityElectricityElectricity

HydrogenHydrogenHydrogenHydrogen


Energy Resource Conversion Energy Carrier

OilOil (Conventional)(Conventional)OilOil (Conventional)(Conventional)

OilOil (Non-conventional)(Non-conventional)OilOil (Non-conventional)(Non-conventional)

BiomassBiomassBiomassBiomass

Natural GasNatural GasNatural GasNatural Gas

CoalCoalCoalCoal

NuclearNuclearNuclearNuclear





SyngasSyngasSyngasSyngasRenewablesRenewables(Wave, Tidal, Geo,(Wave, Tidal, Geo,

Solar, Wind)Solar, Wind)

RenewablesRenewables(Wave, Tidal, Geo,(Wave, Tidal, Geo,



Energy Resource Conversion Energy Carrier Propulsion System





CoalCoalCoalCoal






Conventional ICE:Conventional ICE:Gasoline/DieselGasoline/Diesel


ICE HybridICE Hybrid(HEV)(HEV)


Plug-in Hybrid ICEPlug-in Hybrid ICE(PHEV–Parallel)(PHEV–Parallel)


Extended Range EV:Extended Range EV:(PHEV–Serial)(PHEV–Serial)


Battery ElectricBattery Electric(EV)(EV)


Fuel Cell ElectricFuel Cell Electric(FCEV)(FCEV)


Bat

tery

Bat

tery

Bat

tery

Bat

tery

SyngasSyngasSyngasSyngasRenewablesRenewables(Wave, Tidal, Geo,(Wave, Tidal, Geo,




Ele

ctri

fica

tio

nE

lect

rifi

cati

on


Energy Resource Conversion Energy Carrier Propulsion System





CoalCoalCoalCoal










Bat

tery

Bat

tery

Bat

tery

Bat

tery

SyngasSyngasSyngasSyngas

Ele

ctri

fica

tio

nE

lect

rifi

cati

on













ElectricityElectricityElectricityElectricity Extended Range EV:Extended Range EV:(PHEV–Serial)(PHEV–Serial)








US annual CO2 output emission rate

(lb/MWh)

Electricity – Growing GreenerElectricity – Growing Greener

US annual CO2 output emission rate

(lb/MWh)

Electricity – Growing GreenerElectricity – Growing Greener

State

2004 State annual CO2 output

emission rate (lb/MWh)

Top 10 Vermont 7Idaho 144Washington 360Oregon 456California 700New Jersey 713Conneticut 754Maine 772New Hampshire 779New York 907

Bottom 10 Missouri 1881Iowa 1943Colorado 1986West Virginia 1988New Mexico 1992Kentucky 2051Indiana 2098Utah 2121Wyoming 2278North Dakota 2386

Source: Pew Center for Global Climate Change (September 2008)http://www.pewclimate.org/what_s_being_done/in_the_states/rps.cfm

Electricity – Growing Greener:

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)

Electricity – Growing Greener:

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)

OR: 25% by 2025

WA: 15% by 2020

CA: 20% by 2010

NV: 20% by 2015

AZ: 15% by 2025

MT: 15% by 2015

Comparison of Energy Crops vs. ElectricityComparison of Energy Crops vs. Electricity


An average-sizedsoccer field is 0.75 ha

1 ha is

equal to

100 x 100 m

10,000 m2

Source: Photon International, April 2007


0

*1Average usage 16kWh/100 km*2Average usage 7.4 I/100 km fuel equivalent*3Average usage 6.5 I/100 km fuel equivalent

20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

biodiesel*3

21,500 km

bioethanol (from wheat)*2

22,500 km

60,000 km

67,000 km

biomass to liquid*3

biogas (from corn)*2


1 ha is

equal to

100 x 100 m

10,000 m2



0

*1Average usage 16kWh/100 km*2Average usage 7.4 I/100 km fuel equivalent*3Average usage 6.5 I/100 km fuel equivalent

20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

biodiesel*3

21,500 km

bioethanol (from wheat)*2

22,500 km

60,000 km

67,000 km

biomass to liquid*3

biogas (from corn)*2

200,000

electricity (Plug-in Hybrid operation)*1

3,250,000 km


1 ha is

equal to

100 x 100 m

10,000 m2


IEA Key world energy statistics 2005. IEA, Paris. See also: http://www.iea.org/dbtwwpd/Textbase/nppdf/free/2005/key2005.pdf

Transportation Energy Use by Transport Mode (US)Transportation Energy Use by Transport Mode (US)

1. Aviation 8.4%

2. Petrochemicals3. Maritime shipping 4.5%

4. Long haul trucks 19.1%

5. Rail transport 0.7%

6. Long trips by car7. Commuting 61.4%8. Picking up the kids (local trips)9. Driving a Hummer

Petroleum: A Hierarchy of Requirements vs. Available SubstitutesPetroleum: A Hierarchy of Requirements vs. Available Substitutes

Source: US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA, 1991 National Personal Transportation Survey 1990

Personal Vehicle Miles Driven Daily Personal Vehicle Miles Driven Daily %

of

Aut

omob

iles

Miles

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%30 60 90 120 150 >155

50% drive 25 miles a day or less

50% drive 25 miles a day or less

Approximately 80% drive 50 miles a day or less

Approximately 80% drive 50 miles a day or less

Drivers in the United States average 25 miles or less per day. – U.S. Dept. of Transportation Data

Drivers in the United States average 25 miles or less per day. – U.S. Dept. of Transportation Data

Propulsive Energy Requirements – Various ModesPropulsive Energy Requirements – Various Modes

Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS)Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS)

Acceleration Consumes EnergyAcceleration Consumes Energy

Regenerative Braking Recovers EnergyRegenerative Braking Recovers Energy

Mass Consumes Power (and Energy)Mass Consumes Power (and Energy)

Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), lbs.

Po

wer

(kW

)

Assumptions:Gear train efficiency 90%Fixed transmission losses 1 ft-lbCd .3A = 22 sq ftRf .8%Speed 35mphGrade 1.5%

Mass EfficiencyMass Efficiency

Automobile Passenger Aircraft

Commercial RailUrban Bus

High Speed Rail

Freight Truck

Freight Rail

Cargo ShipBicycle

Gross Moving Mass (Tonnes)

Mas

s E

ffici

ency

Increasing Mass Efficiency in CarsIncreasing Mass Efficiency in Cars

Automobile Passenger Aircraft

Commercial RailUrban Bus

High Speed Rail

Freight Truck

Freight Rail

Cargo ShipBicycle

Gross Moving Mass (Tonnes)

Mas

s E

ffici

ency

Energy EfficientMass reduction

Lightweight materials – aluminum, advanced compositesSmaller size, compact

Electric power trainIncreased efficiencyRegeneration

FunctionalOperating range matched with actual use

“Right-size” the vehicle for typical use profile (including energy system)

Appealing (curb appeal)

Distinctive design

Fun / Performance

AffordableAcquisition costOperating cost

Conclusion: EVs as a Practical Car For FamiliesConclusion: EVs as a Practical Car For Families

Existing Infrastructure

InfrastructureInfrastructure

Efficiency

Light Weight

Energy Storage

Future TechnologiesFuture Technologies

Vehicle to Grid (V2G), Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and V2HVehicle to Grid (V2G), Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and V2H

www.porteon.net

Metropolitan Areas where hybrids are most popular

Rank Metropolitan Area Hybrids per 1000 Households*1 Portland, OR 11.192 San Francisco, CA 8.763 Monterey, CA 6.834 Santa Barbara, CA 6.085 Los Angeles, CA 5.66 Bend, OR 5.357 Washington, DC 5.068 San Diego, CA 59 Charlottesville, VA 4.87

10 Eugene, OR 4.6411 Seattle, WA 4.2612 Honolulu 3.8613 Eurkeka, CA 3.6714 Sacramento, CA 3.6615 Denver, CO 3.5

*2006 Registrations (December 2006 YTD)

http://www.hybridcars.com/market-dashboard/feb07-regional.html

Oregon – Early Adopters of Advanced Transportation Technology

Oregon – Early Adopters of Advanced Transportation Technology

Metropolitan areas where hybrids are most popular

Suggested ReadingSuggested Reading

A Thousand Barrels a Second: The Coming Oil Break Point and the Challenges Facing an Energy Dependent World – Peter Tertzakian

Time for a Model Change: Re-engineering the Global Automotive Industry – Graeme P. Maxton and John Wormald

The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail – Clayton M. Christensen

ZOOM: The Global Race to Fuel the Car of the Future – Iain Carson and Vijay V. Vaitheeswaran

Crossing the Chasm – Geoffrey A. Moore

Questions & Answers

Contact:[email protected]

[email protected]

Phone: +001 – 503–806-1760

© 2008 porteon electric vehicles, inc. perspectives on the future of transportation and...

Documents

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