2009 athula ginige – aeims - australia engineering for the new world: information and...

2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia

Engineering for the new World:Information and Communication

Technologies and Social Transformation

Professor Athula GinigeProfessor Athula GinigeSchool of Computing and Mathematics

University of Western SydneyAustralia

Talk Given to IESL – NSW Chapter – October 2009


What is Engineering

Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA


Evolution of Engineering Disciplines

Civil EngineeringCivil EngineeringLeads back to 3000 BC

Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering Leads back to 100 BC

Electrical EngineeringElectrical Engineering Leads back to 1900

Telecommunication EngineeringTelecommunication EngineeringLeads back to 1840

Software EngineeringSoftware Engineering

Early stages - 1955, As an Engineering Practise 1970’s

Web EngineeringWeb EngineeringIn the Process of Making the history


Branches of Engineering


Since 2000 ICT is changing many things

Athula Ginige, UWS

Computing PowerComputing Power

Athula Ginige, UWS

Storage Capacity and BandwidthStorage Capacity and Bandwidth

Electrical andElectromagnetic

Optical

X 10 to 10000

Athula Ginige, UWS

The InternetThe Internet and the World Wide and the World Wide WebWeb

Athula Ginige, UWS

Plummeting Transaction CostPlummeting Transaction Cost

Business eBusiness

Learning eLearning

Commerce eCommerce

Government eGovernment

eTransformation


Micro Changes Macro Changes

WaterWater

SteamSteam

Heat / TemperatureHeat / Temperature


1850 1970

Agricultural SocietyAgricultural Society Industrial SocietyIndustrial Society

20001750

Social Transformation

?


Industrial Revolution- Augmenting Muscle Power

Invention of the Steam engineDiscovery of Electricity and invention of

the electric motor Internal Combustion EngineAssembly LinesAutomation


Evolution of Organisational and Management Structures

Adam SmithConcept of Division of Labour

Ref. Wealth of Nations - 1766

TaskTask

Henry FordAssembly Lines

Brought work to worker -1890

Alfred SloanManagement Structures

Apply division of Labour to Management

Large Scale Strategic PlanningMonitoring divisional performance and Intervening to adjust plans and activities

Moving Forward


DNA of Industrial Society

Essential characteristics of the industrial society.

Standardisation --> Mass production Specialisation --> Compartmentalised

structures Synchronisation --> 9 to 5 Concentration Maximisation Centralisation

Industrial Society


Advances in ICT

Athula Ginige, UWS

Computing PowerComputing Power

Athula Ginige, UWS

Storage Capacity and BandwidthStorage Capacity and Bandwidth

Electrical andElectromagnetic

Optical

X 10 to 10000

Athula Ginige, UWS

The InternetThe Internet and the World Wide and the World Wide WebWeb

Athula Ginige, UWS

Plummeting Transaction CostPlummeting Transaction Cost


Increasing the Productivity in Manufacturing

Machine tools with build in intelligence Robots NC Machines

Drastic reduction in set up time

This made it possible to go for small batches which reduced the inventory cost and increased the scheduling flexibility.


Intelligent Processing of Information

Word of mouth• Very limited in access• Information is enriched

and customised. Books• Much wider access• Information was

passive Computers• Global access• Information can be

enriched and customised


Make and Sell vs Sense and Respond

Characteristic Make and Sell Sense and Respond

Mindset Business as an efficientway of making andselling to a well definedmarket segment

Business as an adaptivesystem for responding tounanticipated requests inunpredictable environment

Example Rail System Taxi Company

Know-how Embedded in products Embedded in people andprocesses.

Process Mass Production Mass Customisation

OrganisationPriority

Efficiency andpredictability

Flexibility andResponsiveness

Profit focus Profit margins onproducts and economiesof scale

Return on investment andeconomies of scope.


Working across Silos

CURRENT:Organization-Centric “Silo”Access

GOAL:User-Centric Access


Process based OrganisationsCust

om

er

Request

Cust

om

er

Sati

sfact

ion

ManagementProcesses

Core

Pro

cess

es

Support Processes


Task based to Process based - Example

Major Business Processesused at AMP1.Customer Order Processing2.Programming Job3.Production4.Despatch Finished Goods5.Purchases6.Marketing7.Prototyping8.Inventory Control9.Purchase Return10.Goods Return

11. Customer Queries12. Accounts Receivable13. Accounts Payable14. Staff Recruitment 15. Payroll 16. Training17. IT support process18. QA and Inspection 19. Auditing20. KPI reporting


Changing Organisations: Enterprise Engineering

Task based To Process based


An early Lesson

Centre of Centre of Excellence Excellence

in eBusinessin eBusiness

NSW State NSW State GovernmentGovernment

UniversityUniversityTechnicalTechnicalCollegeCollege

UNISYSUNISYS

A project based approach did not WorkA project based approach did not Work

Aim: to carry out Aim: to carry out eBusiness eBusiness Development Development Projects for SMEsProjects for SMEs


Interactions with external World

Businessorganisation

Customers

Other Businesses

GovernmentAuthorities

Suppliers

InformationMaterial

Finance

Trust RelationshipsSecurityConvenienceLevel of Service


Business Processes

External Business ProcessesMarketingDistribution

Internal Business ProcessesProductionPayroll

Businessorganisation

Employees

BusinessProcesses

Organisation Structure

Information Material

Finance


Nature of Interactions

BusinessProcesses

Employees

BusinessOrganisation

ExternalEntities

Information

Material

Finance



Impact of Information Technology

BusinessProcesses

Employees


ExternalEntities

Technology

Technology

Information

Material

Finance


From Atoms to Bits


External Processes

Organisational Efficiency

BasicWeb Site

Interactive Site

eCommerceSite

MarketingInformation

Two way

Communication

Payment andfollow upBusiness

Processes

Employees


ExternalEntities

Technology

Technology


Internal Processes

BusinessProcesses

Employees


ExternalEntities

Technology

Technology


EffectiveIndividual

EffectiveTeam

EffectiveEnterprise

ProductivityTools

CommunicationInfrastructure

Enterprise Wide

Applications


Convergence and New Processes


EffectiveIndividual

EffectiveTeam

EffectiveEnterprise

BasicWeb Site

Interactive Site

eCommerceSite

ConvergenceNew

Processes

SCMCRMKM


Convergence - Integration

Corporate Corporate DataData

RepositoryRepository

ProductionProduction

FinanceFinance

HumanHumanResourcesResources

Links toLinks toDistributorsDistributors

InteractiveInteractiveWeb siteWeb site

Links toLinks toSuppliersSuppliers

PurchasingPurchasing

MarketingMarketing


eTransformation Roadmap

New ProcessesNew Processes

No WebsiteNo Website

Effective Organisation


Effective TeamEffective Team

Effective IndividualEffective Individual

Pro

cess

Sop

his

ticati

onE

xte

rnal P

rocesses

Inte

rnal P

rocesses

External ProcessesExternal Processes

Internal ProcessesInternal Processes

Integrated EnterpriseIntegrated Enterprise

E-Commerce Site

E-Commerce Site

Interactive SiteInteractive Site

Basic WebsiteBasic Website

No ComputersNo Computers

Organisation Competitiveness


Workflow, Technology and People

Business Process

Task

Business Process

Task

TechnologyTechnology

FunctionalityFunctionality

InformationInformation

PeoplePeople

InterfaceInterface

CompetenceCompetence

Business Process

Task

Business Process

Task

Linkage


Interconnection

PeoplePeople

Cooperation

Business Process

Task

Business Process

Task

Linkage


Interconnection

PeoplePeople

Cooperation

NewProcesses

NewProcessesConvergenceConvergence

E-Commerce Site

E-Commerce Site

Interactive Site

Interactive Site

Basic WebsiteBasic

Website



Effective Team

Effective Team

Effective IndividualEffective IndividualP

roce

ss S

ophi

stic

atio

nEx

tern

al P

roce

sses

Inte

rnal

Pro

cess

es

External ProcessesExternal Processes

Internal ProcessesInternal Processes


eTransformation Methodology

ImplementingImplementingChangeChange

Responding toResponding toChangeChange

UnderstandingUnderstandingGlobal Global ChangeChange

eTransformationeTransformationStrategyStrategy

eTransformationeTransformationStrategyStrategy

Business Process Business Process ModelingModeling

Workflow, Technology, Workflow, Technology, PeoplePeople

Business Process Business Process ModelingModeling

Workflow, Technology, Workflow, Technology, PeoplePeople

Business Process Business Process Re-engineeringRe-engineering

Business Process Business Process Re-engineeringRe-engineering

System System ImplementationImplementation

System System ImplementationImplementation

UserUser Training Training

UserUser Training Training

Business StrategyBusiness StrategyBusiness StrategyBusiness Strategy


Roadmap for beyond eTransformation

Integrated Enterprise

Process-oriented Organisation

Collaborative Organisations

Ubiquitous Organisations

Learning and Knowledge based

Organisations

…………


People – Technology – Tasks Systems

Technology

Machinery and Information Systems

Tasks

People

Organisations and Organisation Structures

Processes

External Factors

Ex

tern

al F

ac

tors

External Factors


1850 1970

Agricultural SocietyAgricultural Society Industrial SocietyIndustrial Society Information SocietyInformation Society

20001750

Social Transformation


Engineering for the new World

Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA

Information and Communication Technology

Genetics

Nano technology

Bio Technology

……………

Climate Change

Health Care

Poverty Elevation

……………

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