© 2012 pearson education, inc. labaratorio #3 tipos de tejidos

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Labaratorio #3 Tipos de Tejidos


TEJIDO EPITELIAL


Table 4-1 Classifying Epithelia


Table 4-1 Classifying Epithelia (Part 1 of 2)


Table 4-1 Classifying Epithelia (Part 2 of 2)


Figure 4-3 Squamous Epithelia

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

LOCATIONS: Surface ofskin; lining of mouth, throat,esophagus, rectum, anus,and vagina

FUNCTIONS: Providesphysical protection againstabrasion, pathogens, andchemical attack

Surface of tongue

Squamoussuperficial cells

Stem cells

Basementmembrane

Connectivetissue

LM 310

Lining of peritoneal cavityConnective tissue

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

LOCATIONS: Mesothelialining ventral body cavities;endothelia lining heartand blood vessels;portions of kidney tubules(thin sections of nephronloops); inner lining ofcornea; alveoli of lungs

FUNCTIONS: Reducesfriction; controls vesselpermeability; performsabsorption andsecretion

LM 238


Figure 4-4 Cuboidal and Transitional Epithelia

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

LOCATIONS: Glands; ducts;portions of kidney tubules; thyroidgland

FUNCTIONS: Limited protection,secretion, absorption

LOCATIONS: Lining of some ducts(rare)

FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion,absorption

Transitional Epithelium

FUNCTIONS: Permitsexpansion and recoilafter stretching

LOCATIONS: Urinarybladder; renal pelvis;ureters

Kidney tubule

Connectivetissue

Nucleus

Cuboidalcells

Basementmembrane

LM 650

LM 500

LM 400

Lumenof duct

Sweat gland duct

Urinary bladder

LM 400

Empty bladder

Stratifiedcuboidal

cellsBasementmembrane

Nuclei

Connectivetissue

Full bladder

Epithelium(relaxed)

Basement membrane

Connective tissue andsmooth muscle layers

Epithelium(stretched)

Connective tissue andsmooth muscle layers

Basement membrane


Figure 4-5 Columnar Epithelia

LOCATIONS: Lining ofstomach, intestine, gallbladder,uterine tubes, and collectingducts of kidneys

FUNCTIONS: Protection,secretion, absorption

Simple Columnar Epithelium

LOCATIONS: Lining ofnasal cavity, trachea, andbronchi; portions of malereproductive tract

FUNCTIONS: Protection,secretion, move mucuswith cilia

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

LOCATIONS: Small areas ofthe pharynx, epiglottis, anus,mammary glands, salivarygland ducts, and urethra

FUNCTION: Protection

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Cilia

Microvilli

Cytoplasm

Intestinal lining

Basementmembrane

Looseconnective tissue LM 350

Nucleus

Trachea

Salivary gland duct

Deeper basalcells

Cytoplasm

Nuclei

Basementmembrane

Looseconnective tissue

LM 350

Looseconnective tissue

Superficialcolumnar cells

Cytoplasm

Nuclei

Basementmembrane

LumenLumen

LM 175


Figure 4-7 A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands

Duct

SIMPLE GLANDS

Glandcells

SIMPLETUBULAR

SIMPLE COILEDTUBULAR

Examples: Examples: Examples:• Intestinal glands • Merocrine sweat

stage in developmentof simple branchedglands

SIMPLE BRANCHEDTUBULAR

Examples:• Gastric glands• Mucous glands

Examples:• Not found in adult; a

SIMPLE ALVEOLAR(ACINAR)

SIMPLE BRANCHEDALVEOLAR

Examples:• Sebaceous (oil)

glandsof esophagus,tongue, duodenum

glands

COMPOUND GLANDS

COMPOUNDTUBULAR

COMPOUND ALVEOLAR(ACINAR)

COMPOUND TUBULOALVEOLAR

Examples:• Mucous glands (in mouth)

Examples:

• Bulbo-urethral glands (inmale reproductive system)

• Testes (seminiferoustubules)

• Mammary glandsExamples:

• Salivary glands

• Pancreas

• Glands of respiratorypassages


Figure 4-7 A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands (Part 1 of 2)

SIMPLE GLANDS

Glandcells

SIMPLETUBULAR

SIMPLE COILEDTUBULAR

Examples:

Examples:

Examples:• Intestinal glands • Merocrine sweat

stage in developmentof simple branchedglands

SIMPLE BRANCHEDTUBULAR

Examples:• Gastric glands• Mucous glands

• Not found in adult; a

SIMPLE ALVEOLAR(ACINAR)

SIMPLE BRANCHEDALVEOLAR

Examples:• Sebaceous (oil)

glandsof esophagus,tongue, duodenum

glands

Duct


Figure 4-7 A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands (Part 2 of 2)

COMPOUND GLANDS

COMPOUNDTUBULAR

COMPOUND ALVEOLAR(ACINAR)

COMPOUND TUBULOALVEOLAR

Examples:• Mucous glands (in mouth)

Examples:

• Bulbo-urethral glands (inmale reproductive system)

tubules)

• Mammary glandsExamples:

• Salivary glands• Glands of respiratory

passages• Testes (seminiferous• Pancreas


Tejido Conjuntivo


Figure 4-8 The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper

Reticularfibers

Melanocyte

Fixedmacrophage

Plasma cell

Bloodin vessel

Adipocytes(fat cells)

Groundsubstance

Mast cell

Elasticfibers

Freemacrophage

Collagenfibers

Fibroblast

Freemacrophage

Mesenchymalcell

Lymphocyte

Connective tissue proper LM 502


Figure 4-8 The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper (Part 1 of 2)

Reticularfibers

Melanocyte

Fixedmacrophage

Plasma cell

Bloodin vessel

Adipocytes(fat cells)

Groundsubstance

Mast cell

Elasticfibers

Freemacrophage

Collagenfibers

Fibroblast

Mesenchymalcell

Lymphocyte


Figure 4-8 The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper (Part 2 of 2)

Elasticfibers

Collagenfibers

Fibroblast

Freemacrophage

Connective tissue proper LM 502


Figure 4-9 Connective Tissues in Embryos

Mesenchymalcells

Mesenchyme

This is the first connectivetissue to appear in an embryo.

LM 136

Mesenchymalcells

Blood vessel

Mucous connective tissue(Wharton’s jelly)

LM 136

This sample was taken fromthe umbilical cord of a fetus.


Figure 4-9a Connective Tissues in Embryos

Mesenchymalcells

Mesenchyme

This is the first connectivetissue to appear in an embryo.

LM 136


Figure 4-9b Connective Tissues in Embryos

Mesenchymalcells

Blood vessel

Mucous connective tissue(Wharton’s jelly)

LM 136

This sample was taken fromthe umbilical cord of a fetus.


Figure 4-10 Adipose and Reticular Tissues

Adipose Tissue

LOCATIONS: Deep to the skin,especially at sides, buttocks,breasts; padding around eyesand kidneys

FUNCTIONS: Providespadding and cushionsshocks; insulates(reduces heat loss);stores energy

Reticular Tissue

Adipose tissue

FUNCTIONS: Provides supportingframework

LOCATIONS: Liver, kidney, spleen,lymph nodes, and bone marrow

Reticular tissuefrom liver

Reticular tissue

Reticular fibers

Adipocytes(white adipose

cells)

LM 300

LM 375


Figure 4-11 Dense Connective Tissues

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Collagenfibers

Fibroblastnuclei

Collagenfiber

bundles

Tendon

Deep dermis

LM 440

LM 111

Elasticfibers

Fibroblastnuclei

Elastic ligament LM 887

Elastic Tissue

LOCATIONS: Between vertebraeof the spinal column (ligamentumflavum and ligamentum nuchae);ligaments supporting penis;ligaments supporting transitionalepithelia; in blood vessel walls

FUNCTIONS: Stabilizespositions of vertebrae andpenis; cushions shocks;permits expansion andcontraction of organs

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

LOCATIONS: Capsules ofvisceral organs; periosteaand perichondria; nerveand muscle sheaths; dermis

FUNCTIONS: Providesstrength to resist forcesapplied from manydirections; helpsprevent overexpansionof organs such asthe urinary bladder

LOCATIONS: Between skeletalmuscles and skeleton (tendonsand aponeuroses); betweenbones or stabilizing positionsof internal organs (ligaments);covering skeletal muscles;deep fasciae

FUNCTIONS: Providesfirm attachment; conductspull of muscles; reducesfriction between muscles;stabilizes relative positionsof bones


Figure 4-12 Formed Elements of the Blood

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

Platelets aremembrane-enclosedpackets of cytoplasmthat function in bloodclotting.

These cell fragmentsare involved in theclotting responsethat seals leaks indamaged or brokenblood vessels.

Eosinophils and neutro-phils are phagocytes.Basophils promote inflam-mation much like mast cellsin other connective tissues.

Lymphocytes areuncommon in the bloodbut they are the domi-nant cell type in lymph,the second type of fluidconnective tissue.

Monocytesare phagocytessimilar to thefree macro-phages inother tissues.

Eosinophil

Neutrophil

Basophil

Red blood cells account for roughlyhalf the volume ofwhole blood andgive blood its color.

Red blood cells, orerythrocytes(e-RITH-ro-sıts), areresponsible for the trans-port of oxygen (and, to alesser degree, of carbondioxide) in the blood.

¯ ¯

White blood cells, or leukocytes(LOO-ko-sıts; leuko-, white), help defend thebody from infection and disease.

¯ ¯


Figure 4-14 Types of Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

LOCATIONS: Between tips of ribsand bones of sternum; coveringbone surfaces at synovial joints;supporting larynx (voice box),trachea, and bronchi; forming partof nasal septum

FUNCTIONS: Provides stiff butsomewhat flexible support;reduces frictionbetween bonysurfaces

Elastic Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

LOCATIONS: Auricle of externalear; epiglottis; auditory canal;cuneiform cartilages of larynx

FUNCTIONS: Provides support,but tolerates distortion withoutdamage andreturns tooriginal shape

Fibrocartilage

LOCATIONS: Pads within kneejoint; between pubic bones ofpelvis; intervertebral discs

FUNCTIONS: Resistscompression;prevents bone-to-bonecontact; limitsmovement

Elastic cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Fibrousmatrix

Chondrocytesin lacunae

LM 400

LM 358

Elastic fibersin matrix

Chondrocytein lacuna

LM 500

Matrix

Chondrocytesin lacunae


Figure 4-15 Bone

Canaliculi

Osteocytesin lacunae

Matrix

Central canal

Blood vessels

LM 375

Osteon

Osteon

Fibrouslayer

Cellularlayer

Periosteum


Table 4-2 A Comparison of Cartilage and Bone


Figure 4-16a Membranes

Mucous secretion

Mucous membranes are coated with thesecretions of mucous glands. These membranes line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

Epithelium

Lamina propria(areolar tissue)


Figure 4-16b Membranes

Serous membranes line the ventral body cavities (the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities).

Transudate

Mesothelium

Areolar tissue


Figure 4-16c Membranes

The cutaneous membrane, or skin, covers the outer surface of the body.

Epithelium

Areolar tissue

Dense irregularconnective tissue


Tejido Muscular


Figure 4-18 Muscle TissueSkeletal Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Cells are long, cylindrical, striated, and multinucleate.

LOCATIONS: Combinedwith connective tissuesand neural tissue inskeletal muscles

FUNCTIONS: Moves orstabilizes the position ofthe skeleton; guardsentrances and exits tothe digestive,respiratory, and urinarytracts; generates heat;protects internal organs

Cells are short, branched,and striated, usually with asingle nucleus; cells areinterconnected byintercalated discs.

FUNCTIONS:Circulates blood;maintains blood(hydrostatic) pressure

LOCATION: Heart

Cells are short, spindle-shaped, andnonstriated, with a single, centralnucleus.

LOCATIONS: Found inthe walls of blood vesselsand in digestive, respiratory,urinary, and reproductive organs

FUNCTIONS: Moves food,urine, and reproductive tractsecretions; controlsdiameter of respiratorypassageways; regulatesdiameter of blood vessels

Nuclei

Musclefiber

Striations

LM 180

LM 180

LM 450

LM 235

Nucleus

Cardiacmuscle

cells

Intercalateddiscs

Striations

Nucleus

Smoothmuscle

cell


Tejido Neuronal


Figure 4-19 Neural Tissue

NEURONS NEUROGLIA (supporting cells)

• Maintain physical structure

• Repair tissue framework

• Perform phagocytosis

• Regulate the composition of theinterstitial fluid surrounding neurons

of tissues

after injury

• Provide nutrients to neurons

Axon

NucleolusNucleusof neuron

Dendrites(contacted byother neurons)

Axon (conductsinformation toother cells)

Cell body

Dendrites

MitochondrionNucleus

Microfibrils andmicrotubules

Nucleolus

Cell body (contains nucleusand major organelles) A representative neuron

(sizes and shapes vary widely)

Contact with other cells

Nuclei of neuroglia

LM 600


Review Question 4-1 Epithelial Tissue

a

d

b c

e f

© 2012 pearson education, inc. labaratorio #3 tipos de tejidos

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