6-1 chapter 6 research design: an overview. 6-2 learning objectives the major descriptors of...
TRANSCRIPT
6-1
.
Chapter 6Chapter 6
Research Design: Research Design: An OverviewAn Overview
6-2
Learning Objectives
• The major descriptors of research design
• The major types of research designs
• The relationships that exist between variables in causal designs and the steps for evaluating those relationships
6-3
Research Design
BlueprintBlueprint
PlanPlan
GuideGuide
FrameworkFramework
6-4
Exhibit 6-1 Design in the Research Process
6-5
The Degree of Structure
Exploratory Study• Loose structure• Expand
understanding• Provide insight• Develop hypotheses
Formal Study• Precise procedures• Begins with
hypotheses• Answers research
questions
6-6
The Topical Scope
Statistical Study• Breadth• Population inferences• Quantitative• Generalizable
findings
Case Study• Depth• Detail• Qualitative• Multiple sources of
information
6-7
Descriptive Studies
When?When?
How much?How much? What?What?
Who?
Where?
6-8
Causal Studies
Experiment• Study involving the
manipulation or control of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable
Ex Post Facto study• After-the-fact report
on what happened to the measured variable
6-9
Methods of Data Collection
Monitoring Communication
6-10
The Time Dimension
Cross-sectional
Longitudinal
6-11
The Research Environment
Field conditions
Lab conditions
Simulations
6-12
Participants’ Perceptions
No deviation perceived
Deviations perceived as unrelated
Deviations perceived as researcher-induced
6-13
Approaches for Exploratory Investigations
• Interviewing
• Participant observation
• Film, photographs
• Projective techniques
• Psychological testing
• Case studies
• Street ethnography
• Elite or expert interviewing
• Document analysis
• Proxemics and Kinesics
6-14
Common Exploratory Techniques for Research
Secondary Data AnalysisSecondary
Data Analysis
Focus GroupsFocus
Groups
Experience Surveys
Experience Surveys
6-15
Experience Surveys
• What is being done?
• What has been tried in the past with or without success?
• How have things changed?
• Who is involved in the decisions?
• What problem areas can be seen?
• Whom can we count on to assist or participate in the research?
6-16
Focus Groups
• Group discussion• 6-10 participants• Moderator-led• 90 minutes-2 hours
6-17
Descriptive Studies
Descriptions of population characteristics
Descriptions of population characteristics
Estimates of frequency of characteristics
Estimates of frequency of characteristics
Discovery of associations among variables
Discovery of associations among variables
6-18
Causal Studies
AsymmetricalAsymmetrical
ReciprocalReciprocal
SymmetricalSymmetrical
6-19
Exhibit 8-3 Asymmetrical Casual Relationships
Stimulus-Response
Disposition-Behavior
Property-Behavior
Property-Disposition
6-20
Covariation between A and B
Covariation between A and B
Evidence of Causality
Time order of eventsTime order of events
No other possible causes of B
No other possible causes of B
6-21
Causation and Experimental Design
Random Assignment
Control/ Matching
6-22
Ex Post Facto Design
Substitute BRM Exhibit 6-8
Club Member Nonclub Member
Age High Absentee Low Absentee High Absentee Low Absentee
Under 30 years 36 6 30 48
30 to 45 4 4 35 117
45 and over 0 0 5 115
6-23
Do nothing by halves.
Source: Cooper R. D. & Schindler, S. P.
(2006). Business Research Methods
9e. McGraw.Hill