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Dr. Alexander Sachs bas written :you, under date of June l, the attached letter, enclosing a oop:y of h1s test1mon:y, given last November before the Senate Committee on Atomic Energ:y~

I could wish that Dr, Sachs understood the value of clear and simple Englishl I have difficulty in making out what he is driving at~

I gather that he thinks that, in cons1deri.ng the future of atomic energy, we should go back to the kind of 1 a:yntheaia1 between 1politioal and moral strategy and war teohnolog:y1 e:z:empl1!1ed in a proposal he submitted in N0 vember, 1944, See Page 2 of h1s letter, at top of page, beginning "Following a successful teat •••• •

Paragraph 4, Page 561 of h1s testimony, to which he refers in h1s letter, apparently raters to the o1.rcumstances under which h1s proposal was sub­mitted in November, 1944~

Apparently h1s letter has not yet been answered~

ORIGINAL RITIRBO FOR PRISIRVATIOH

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ORIGINA~ RI~IRID POR PRESERVATION

Dear Urs. Rooaeoro1t:

~ER 54CH8 7Q W4-U- .'tRZET

)fEW YQall: :t. M. Y.

J\1.DI 1, 1946

•

lD the tbC\18ht tb&t you aay be lnteree-ted 1D 1 t, J aa trG•1 UtDC botoew1 th a copy ot tbe Juat rel ... ed ret ilion of 11:1 fllaU.-o.D)" wbtob opened tho hear-in&• before the seute COaaiUee on !t011.1o lzltrcr. Fol' tbe petolpectlte drawn thereto ot the or1111 &Dd the ob&lleuce that b&tO COD:troat.ed tbe Oreat Cc:a::wJlt"7 Ot l lltll"D C1Y11ha'UOD appltee , wttb vari&ttool, to tbe pre1aat lbort~ot-peaoe 1aquel to the combat war, eo out ot key wttb tbe apooalyptto poltttoa that under tho ":tear and trembltaa" impact ot the at~o bomb on our t1111oD1at4 mentality have come to be a.dYoe&tect by IIII:D.J aoieDUI't·l aad pubUotate. Accotodlngly, tor tbotr be&r1D& oa tbl complex problema 1D oatton.l and world eecutotty and to eccaomlo daYalopmeat ot at~o taercr, it ~ adv1aabl6 to tMture the major theme• tbat J IO\llbt to teleiOOl'f' 1D tho account atven ot tbe "'a.oqround a.ad krl)' Wa tery ot tha j,tomlo Projeet::-

1. The ti~Dely acceptance and tnaucurettoa ot tbe ProJect by President Roosevelt etemmed tram tbe cumulative develop~ moat ta tbt period prior to tbe outbreak ot combat W&r 14 1939 ot a ooacerte4 attitude &Dd concern at to the 1mpl1· cattoaa ot the international orieta ot tbe interwar 4ecadea: and

f. Tho toreebor\Ootns ot ~be opportunity tor tlllle-bol'l'OriJIS under be1Shtone4 war teohDOlOCY required then, &Dd oor­reepoad1D&'lY req,u1re1 aow, a Dew orpniAUOD&l :ll'l.lllbOrk cbe.re.cteriaed by 1Di Ual &Dd Pl"'&l"'IIl ,. adequacy a.ad tlex1bil1ty ot ecala &n4 aooaleretton of ooord1D&tad •teae• &Dd alt·Ol'b&the• ta the turusament&.l t-eiMreb &D4 appUoattone.

In view ot the cootrovoray that developed oyer the uae ot the bomb, the preeent occaeton U4)' a11o be uttltaed to apell out, 1D re1ponae to 1Dqutrioa, tbo reteronce to tbat IUbjeot &1YeD CD pace 661. para­graph ,_. ot my 1'e1t1110ny. !'be OODiidereUOD iD OODDIOU® With 111 analyat• ot the rtoale ot the rar 1D November 19 .. to -the torm ot the uae ot tbe bcalb" •• related to a aerlea ot reocaaeDda.Uooa •de to aa4 tavorably received by Pr.atdent Rooaevelt. !be recent dta~ cloaure ot the pett uoa aubmut.ed to J\me 1K6 to Pl"Mideot ft'UIDI.D by a committee ot aeYOD repreleDtiDC etztJ-tour aoteottete at the Cbtcaao ProJeot contatne a etldlar emphaatl on the need tor warusoa. but tbe committee appeara to have lbrUDk tram adli~ Uti .... upon agreement by all the other Ubited Nattoae. Bpeolt1oall7, tbe earlier ud different propoaal that I eubc:Ditted ta November 1941 ... u

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t ollowaa rollow1oc a aucoe•atul teat, there aboU14 be arraqecJ (&) a ~Ob&areal-demonatratiOD betore & bOdy 1Dolud1n& 1otero&\iocall7 reGOI• al&ed I01eot11tl ~~ all Allied couutrtea and, to a4dlt1oa, a.utral countrtee, aupplemeoted by repreaaotatiYII ot the a.Jor tattba, Cb) that a report oo tbe nature ao4 tbe portent ot tbe ato.lo weapon be~ prepared by the eoleotletl and other repreeentat1Ye tt~a, (O) tb&t tber~ttor a waroi na be taaue4 by the United State• aad ita Alltea to tbe Pl'OJeet to ou1· majol" enf.IIDlea t o tbe wato, Oena&a7 u4 Jt.pao, tU.t atomdo boebtos would be applied to a eeleote4 area wltbln a 4e11CDAt6a time limi t t or t he e•aouattoo ot human .n4 &Dim&l lite, aod ttoally (d) t o the weke ot auob r&aliaacton ot tbe etl"ie&o,y ot atomic boiDbtaa, an ultimat um demand tor Jmmddiate eur~oder by the eneadea be teaued, io the oa r t aioty that failure to comply would eubJect their oountriel and peoplee to atoado anoihllattoa.

Tho conjuncture under thAt propoaal ot international au1ptoea with advance werotaa and proviltoa tor evacuation ot t be areaa to be aub­Jeoted to a tomic bombing, while it would bave reduced tbe eurpriae impac t and deatruction ot lito, would no~, .... tor a mioor delay, bave dtuUniah$d the military e~teottveoeee ot the threat ot total .noibtla· t ion in bringing about unconditi onal surrender. FUrthermore, by eo­baaeing our political and mor&l poaition, it would b&ve etched to on the conscience ot mankind &o4 hie tory tbe "no eec&pe from retribution" to t he eesreeaore.

I n the unfoldi ng of events, neither the oriaioally recommended oouree nor the variant proposal uraed ~Y monthe later by sroupa troa the Chicaso ProJect wae implement·ed, p.reaWD&bly due in part to the diffi­culties ot the traoattton in the wake ot Preatd•ot Rooeevelt'e deatb e.od t he preaeu.rea upon the on J.dctniatratioa -rrom the onruahina final e of the P'ar Eaetern n.r.

l}'hue, towards tb.e end tbeH reecDBrsed the need tor a ayntheata, eorrea­pondt na: to what 11'&1 provided at tbe beglooing ot tbe ProJect, betweeu poll tical aod 1:10n.l etrat.egy e.nd war technolOQ. Sucb a eyntbeale ba1 become indiapeneable tor the et~ectuatloo ot ciYilS.n deYelopmenta under adapted detDOcratio ecooom:lc eote rpriae ... with due mtodtul..Deaa o·f the dansero botb f~cm tctalitartaa oootrol and &D&rchio exploitation - tha t will ueber in tbe greater tndu•trial revolution of oucle&r eneraetioe.

ldrs. Kleaoor lboenelt 29 w ... lili>stoo Square !lew York. tl. Y.

Sincerely youre,

£. >.. /~

R.er;/Jtd Tran.ctlpt

BACKGROUND AND EARLY HISTORY ATOMIC BOMB PROJEC1' IN RELATION

TO PRESlDENT ROOSEVELT

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OPENI NG TEST IMONY

BY AI.EXANDER SACH S

IN HEAIUNGS ll EFOllE TH€ SPECIAL CO~f~fl1"l'EE ON ATOMIC ENERGY

UNITED STATES SENATE SEV J.;NTY·NINTII CON(J IUi$S

t'l ttsr ti~SSION

I'UitiWANT TO

S. RES. 179

UNI'ft'.l>lliTATt.6

P~CKGIIOUNJl .lNJl I!ARLY HISTORY ATOMIC BOMB PROJECT IN RELATION TO PRESJJltlNT ROOSEVELT

Rll'\l.w.- \h"'u WlJfT' W Da. Al.XU.IIIIICII IM111. Or. $;.C!ata. I am bT profMiiOtl, r,nuesuaa. a praciiC'I I oeoao•llt. t«<INNidt

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ATOltiC l!~&ftO\" \TOWI<l I~UJI(f\'

ATONIC &ltltiOY 4TOMJC oraGY

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661

ATONIC Z.NUQ\

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ATOWIC IKUOT ATOWJO I MUOY

OII GUIA..C. llfiUO POl PIUIII/o\1'10.

ATOUJC ENEROT

wbfcll uuu a.nd rf'!Ued 111'0flt' caa t.. Cllll'led oat W'llh frtiUI!f •Ottd all4 oo .t ln.rtt r _..,. tllu !ll~tno.

'"1 wu lattl'Hit.l lA • •llqtt:LIOD ........ b y Dr. ~cllt tb.lt t.b.e ~poci.IJ A4tl10f1 COm!!!o.IUt• n :Pili7 U&-Ot PIJWIII lO ..,..., a bocm l cd U'\1Jtoel tO<t a .OOpNCit orpalu.ttoe whldl, WILli lb.e llrPf'O"OI Of llw p,.tm.lllltGtlll ('O.!DIIIM, t'OOICI =~~roO:, ~e;tlll or vrh'llt• tool~ Of bolb.. tb~ rlfC'IIItitf'J lU:IIISI tor

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Vou moat lltlr IJI ...,., tbat Hilt wu before the tau ot ¥tuc. oo4 lbe OCW<tn· mtG_t Uet'!JI If"M hid 110 tiiOel!T•

\\t ••r. U71Dl to tiki tbllltlllll:f OIH Of ll"btrl It ,.-aL 'nllll Wll .. tbl t l ... poi.Jit Of lhOM WbO. biW"IIII 11Wo41 lbtlr \~lUll,_ <If lalttl, tou-'b.l I Ui.NIII('e aMQOI.(I tO tbt IM!fd, a. dl.ttloruJ,thell f roca ocbtt tdl•tllla wbu were l'Oetetn wUb wb:" I ftlltd., IO lbl antiWIOf'IIDd:ti..W I'D !be PrH!:!ItlU, a biH1y~lt pi'Oft(lliH. SJDN q rNli.C«i l.be tolport I.Dd ('li'HNlN of lntnn.at.IOO&l M'(I:IIIA. '"' miDtf'd lbe th lnC llfled OUt Of tblt ~'hOI IDOIIOIIk 111)1 Of tf!llf'llrt:b IIIII ~ 00 In llll1~.llf'll, • *-t:MKto.n p~ 011 ''"1 UOlltf'd 10\k. We wut«~ hotb Jnrt'f1 .klllt aDd tBUCb l.Uter tempo.

OrlfiiiiiiT. I be Atrril meedcc wet ~!Modtaltd bt Ot. nn~ tor A()t'tl ~ ll'lld ~ fAr na UoOtl.cV~trrtQtnul !)OOIIIt w.o,. t'flllftnlfod. t'I'IIJ IG be ll•l•f'(l (0 1)r , Etu >tln. Ot..n PI'CZ'm of Cotumbllll. llnciiiiJ'ItlL Tbtn tor tr~•" .\ prf.l :0. tbe mtedOJ wu jiOI(J)OOfd lo Lh• ~tb. la 1~ lattrt• I *llbt co c•o.lullt'O tM IIOUP aod J rt(l~tfd lll.lt ttl lorltalton be 't-nt co aden!l•t• al'ld. tl'fe'Otl"ft ill u.o_h·ert~ltle. loi"'I\"fd, In t)" tnrrtet ur~tllum re..rtb. n.~Jo~._, wu lf"tuutd, u &PPtfi J11 trom. mJ letttr to tbt Pttt:ldt!ot ot :ua,.

bel~} lf"l~r nlerrfd to WIU ecttff'd 1• l.b• f'f:O)rd o t ttHr c:ommln•ud n,.,_,.

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