An oscillating or vibrating motion in which a point or body moves back and forth along a line about a fixed central point produces waves.

An oscillating or vibrating system acts as the source of waves which transfer energy from one point to another (without transferring mass).

Examples of waves:(a)Light waves are produced as a

result of vibrations of electrons in an atom.

(b)Sound waves are produced by vibrating mechanical bodies such as guitar strings or tuning fork.

(c) Water waves are produced by a disturbance (or vibration) on a still water surface.

A wavefront is a line or plane on which the vibrations of every points on it are in phase and are at the same distance from the source of the wave.

WAVE FRONTWAVE FRONT

When a wave travels through a medium,the particles of the medium vibrate about their equilibrium positions.

However, the particles of the medium do not travel in the direction of the wave.

A wave transfer energy and the momentum from the source of the wave

( the oscillating or vibrating system) to the surrounding.

o A transverse wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is at right angle ( perpendicular) to the direction of propagation of the wave.

o Example of transverse waves are water waves and light waves.

Transverse Waves

A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction which the wave moves.

A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is along (parallel to) the direction of propagation of the wave.

Direction of waves propagation and direction of vibration

The amplitude, A, of a vibrating system is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium position. It is measure of height of the wave crest or depth of the wave trough.

The period, T, or a vibrating system is the time taken to complete an ascillation.

A complete oscillation may be referred as the movement of a vibrating system from one extreme position to the other and back to the same position.

Oscillating System• Oscillating system consists of:

– Amplitude– Period– Frequency– Wavelength– Wave speed

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Displacement – Time Graph

Peak

Period

s/cm

t/s

Amplitude, a

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Displacement – Distance Graph

Peak

Wavelength

s/cm

x/cm

Amplitude, a

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Frequency, fNumbers of oscillation in one second.

Unit : Hertz (Hz)

f = 1T

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A

B

C

Wave Speed, v• Wave speed, v depends on

wavelength, and frequency, f.

• Wave speed, v = f» Velocity = wavelength x frequency

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1) If the vibration of a wave are at right angles to the direction of the wave, it is called a _____________ wave. An example of this type of wave is ____________.

2) If the vibration of a wave are along the direction of the wave, it is called a ___________ wave. An example of this type of wave is _______________.

3) Given a string tied to a pole, how would you shake the string in order to produce

(a) a transverse wave?

(b) A longitudinal wave?

4) A wave carries energy from ____________ to _______________, without any transferring of the _________________.

5) The wavelength of a wave is the ______________ between two successive ______________ or ______________.

6) The frequency is the number of ________________ oscillations made in _____________ second. The unit for frequency is _______________.

7) The velocity of wave is equal to ______________ multiplied by _______________.

8) The time taken for a vibrating system to make a complete oscillation is known as ______________.

9) The number of complete oscillation made by a vibrating system is known as ___________________.

10)The distance traveled by a wave in one second is known as ______________.

Mr. MazzReeMie ZaiNAL AbiDiN