Answer the following questions:

What types of government might have been formed in the early years of colonization?

Why would the settlers feel the need for government?

Warm Up

Magna CartaMagna CartaThe Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact

The Virginia House of BurgessesThe Virginia House of BurgessesFundamental Orders of ConnecticutFundamental Orders of Connecticut

Declaration of Rights, 1689Declaration of Rights, 1689

The Signing of the Magna Carta, 1215

King John, an English King constantly

demanded money and men for wars from his feudal barons.

The feudal barons in 1215 forced King John agrees that he had “no right” to demand their property without their consent. Their consent was to be agreed upon in a grand council.

King must now get consent of the people

The Magna Carta, 1215

Two important aspects of the Magna Carta:

there must be a set of laws governing (precedents) how the King and his subjects will deal with each other.

the King is not the highest authority and that he is bound by a higher law that limits his authority.

The Magna Carta

Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)

Sir Walter Raleigh asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the USA.

Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a charter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)

Picture Credit: http://www.huvard.com/becka/raleigh/welcome.html

Roanoke Island (1st Time)

In 1585, the first English people tried to begin a colony.

This became the 1st English colony in the USA.

It failed due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans.

All but 15 men went back to England on a ship.

Roanoke Island (2nd Time)In 1587, Raleigh sent

colonists a second time.The 15 men that had

stayed behind the 1st time had been killed by then.

John White was the colony’s governor.

This time, the colonist brought their wives and children.

John White’s granddaughter, Virginia Dare was born 1 month after they arrived in the USA on August 18 the first English baby born in the USA.

Picture Credit:

http://search.eb.com/women/articles/Dare_Virginia.html

Spanish Armada In 1588, King Philip

II decided to attack England.

The English defeated the all powerful Spanish Armada because they had quicker ships and a violent storm helped destroy the Spanish ships. Picture Credit:

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/adventure/games/armada/page2.htm#

The Lost Colony John White

returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island.

On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.

Croatoan was the name of an island nearby as well as the name of the Native Americans living in the area.

Picture Credit:

http://www.outer-banks.com/lost.cfm

Jamestown Colony In 1606, King

James I gave permission to the Virginia Company of London to try a colony.

Christopher Newport led the three ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery to Jamestown.

DiscoveryGodspeed

Susan Constant

Picture Credit:

http://www.bchs.k12.va.us/Technology%20Class/powerpoint/jamestown.ppt

JamestownOn May 14, 1607,

the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia.

Jamestown was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after the Virgin Queen of England.

Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown

Picture Credit: www.cbc.cc.tx.us/acdem/social/hist1301/Hist1301-2anarr.ppt

Not educated in how to plant food in

Virginia. Little knowledge of Virginia

landscape. Not enough people in the

Jamestown settlement especially hard working people.

Native American Battles

Reasons for Jamestown Difficulties

Powhatan Native Americans

The Powhatan Native Americans were in control of almost all of Virginia (Eastern Woodland Area).

Most of the Powhatan farmed, hunted and fished.

They lived in yehakin lodges built by the women.

John Smith John Smith was

the leader of the colony.

He was saved by Pocahontas, a Powhatan Native American.

Smith was a hard leader but his leadership is what kept the colony alive.

Picture Credit: http://www.apva.org/history/jsmith.html

John Rolfe John Rolfe in 1614

found a way to harvest tobacco.

This quickly became the cash crop of Virginia.

He also married Pocahontas in 1614 and thus created peace with the Powhatan Native Americans for 8 years.

Picture Credit: http://www.geocities.com/apembert45/FamAmer/Pocahontas.html

Virginia House of Burgesses, 1619

1619 the first elected representative

government appears in Virginia. House of Burgesses imposed taxes and

ran the colony It is modeled after the English

Parliament. English Parliament was England’s

lawmaking elected government.

Virginia House of Burgesses

Plymouth Colony The King of England,

Henry VIII rebelled against the Roman Catholic Church and started his own Church called the Church of England.

These people became known as Protestants.

In 1620, Pilgrims decided to take the Mayflower and settle in the USA.

Pilgrims at PlymouthWilliam Bradford was

the leader of the colony.

Before landing, they wrote an agreement called the Mayflower Compact. This was the first English legal agreement in the USA.

They settled in Cape Cod/New England.

Picture Credit:

http://www.kirtland.cc.mi.us/honors/amlit/alcolonial.htm

Signing of the Mayflower Compact

1620, Pilgrims arriving near the New

England Coast agree to write a contract that allows for self-government.

The Mayflower Compact promised that every adult male would vote for the Governor and his advisors on a yearly basis.

It supports the idea of majority rule.

Mayflower Compact, 1620

Native Americans of New England

The Native Americans had a sachem or leader.

Massasoit was the leader of the Wampanoag.

Squanto and Samoset helped the Pilgrims survive the first hard years.

Thanksgiving October 1621, The

Pilgrims invited the Native Americans to a 3 day feast to thank them for helping them make it through a difficult year.

The first national Thanksgiving was in 1777 for the 13 colonies.

George Washington proclaimed a National Day of Thanksgiving in 1789.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639

First written constitution in North

America. It was the work of a Puritan clergyman, Thomas Hooker.

It was a outline for self-government of the colony. The well being of the community came before the individual.

Adult males elected a governor, assistants, and a legislative assembly to make laws for the community.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639

Colonial governments like the House of

Burgesses elect their own representatives

Representatives impose taxes, fines and managed colonial affairs

Colonists believe they are Englishmen and should have a say in their government

Colonists are used to running their governments on their own, the English have let the colonies get used to this

Colonial Government

James II “Divine Rights” belief

that the king was God’s choice to rule on earth

A monarch has absolute power over his nation

A monarch appoints government officials who answer to him not the people

A monarch passed laws without the peoples consent or input

The Glorious Revolution

Glorious because no one died in battle and Revolution because the English overthrow the last Catholic monarch

Parliament takes away many powers from the monarchy

Monarchs William of Orange and Mary agree to give Parliament more power

Ships from Europe to colonies had to stop in

England. Trade between colonies and Britain had to be

on British ships. Key products could only be sold to England. Colonists hated Navigation Acts – turned to

smuggling

Navigation Acts (1651)

Monarchs William of Orange and Mary

agree to give Parliament and people have more power under Bills of rights than the monarchs:

Parliament agrees on laws not the king Raise taxes Parliament okays the raising of an army Parliament and public have free speech against

the government Trial by jury Elections and debates

English Bill of Rights, 1689

Colonial Government

King appointed the governor in his place

Governor appointed by King and had final say on laws

Assemblies made laws, passed taxes, paid governor’s salary which made the governor listen to the assemblies

Freedom of the Press

John Peter Zenger Trial, 1735

Arrested for exposing governor’s corruption in his paper

Charged with seditious libel

Wins freedom of press and papers will begin to address political issues

What important English Rights did the colonist

gain from the following dates. 1215, 1689, 1735?

What is a representative government? Who had more power in the colonial

government system. The king, governor or the assemblies?

Compare and contrast a monarchy and a representative government.

Create an illustrated time line on representative government in colonial America.

Colonial Government