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٣١: م١٩٥٨دار املعارف مبصر، -حممد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، القاهرة: ، حتقيقديوان امرئ القيس )١(-هـ١٣٦٣مطبعة دار الكتب املصرية، -بن زيد الشيباين ثعلب، القاهرة ، صنعة اإلمام أيب العباس أمحد بن حيىيشعر زهري بن أيب سلمىشرح )٢(

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مطبوعات جممع اللغـة العربيـة، -درية اخلطيب ولطفي الصقال، دمشق: حتقيق) هـ٤٧٦-(، شرح األعلم الشنتمري، ديوان طرفة بن العبد )١(

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אF٢Eא،אאא،אאאK

א٣٢٢،אאאא،אאאאאא،

אF٣٨٥EאאאאWFEF٣EKאא،Wא

؟؟אא؟אאא،אא

א،אאאא،،אאאאא

WFאא،אאא،אא،EF٤Eא،אאאאאאאא،א

אא،אאאאאאאFא،אא،،EF٥E،

WFאאאאEF٦Eא،،אאאא،،אKאאא،אאK

אאאאא،אאאאא،א،אא

F١Eאא،אאא،٧،Fאאא،Eא

א١٩٤٩א١٩٦٥،٤L٣ J٥٣K F٢Eאא،٤L٣ J٤K F٣Eאא J،١LFEK F٤EאWאא،٥K F٥EאWאא،٤L٣K F٦EאK

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٣١@

،אאאKאאאאא،אא

אא،אאאאאא،אא،אא

אKאאאאאא،אא،אאאK

אא،אא،אאא،אF٨٥٤EאאFאEF١E، JFאאE،אאאWFאאא

،،אאEF٢E،אאאאאא،

אאאK אאאאאא،FאאאEF٥٤٣E،

FאE،אFאEF٣E،،KאאאאאFא

אE،FאאEF٤E،א،אאאא،WFא،،

א،EF٥EKאאF٤٦٦EFאEF٦EאKאF٧٣٣EFאאEF٧E،

F١Eא،،١،١٤٢٥ J٢٠٠٤،٨٣ J٨٦K F٢Eא،٨٦K F٣Eאאאא،אא،،١٩٦٦K F٤EאאאFאEאF٣٣٧EאאFאE،

אאאא،אאאא،אWאאא،،١٣٨٧L١٩٦٧K

F٥EאWאא،٩٣K F٦Eאא،W،١٣٧٢L١٩٥٣K F٧Eא،٣٣אאWאאא،٢٠٠٤ J١٤٢٤K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٣٢

אא،א،אאאאא

،אאאאאאאFEF١Eא،،

אאאאF٢EKאF٨٢١EאFאאEF٣Eאאאא،،

K אאאא،א

אא،אא،אאאא،אFאאEF٤E،

אאאאאאאWFאאאאE،אאFאאא

אE،אאא،،א،אאאאא،אKאא

אאא Jא JאאFאאEF٥E،

F١EאWFאאאאE،אWאא،אאא،٦،אא،٣،١٩٧٤،١L٣אאFW

אאאאאאE،אWאא،١L٤אא،אאא،،אאאFschrifttumsEFאEאWGeschichte des Arabischen Schrifttums،FliteraturEFE

אWGeschichte der Arabischen Literatur،אאאאאאF٣٨٥EFאEאאאK

F٢EאWאWאF٢L١٣٩ J٢٩٤E،אאאF٣L٣L٣ J١١١E،אאF٣L١٥٤ J١٦٢E،אאF٣L١٦٣ J٢٤٧E،אF٣L٢٤٨ J٣٥٢E،אאF٤L٣ J٧٣E،א

F٤L٧٤ J١٢٦E،אאF٥L١٦٠ J١٦٥E،אF٥L٢٢٨ J٢٧٢E،אF٥L٢٧٣ J٣١٤E،אא،٧L٦ J٢٠٦E،אאאF٨KEאא،،

אאאFאאאאאKE F٣Eא،١٤،אאא،א،١٣٣١ J١٩١٣L١٣٤٠ J١٩٢٢K F٤EFאאE،אאאFאE،א

٦١٣٢٤،FאאE٣٢٥٣٣٣،אאKאWאאא،אא،١٩٦٨K

F٥EאאאאW٤א،אאאK

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٣٣@

אאאאאאWאאאאאא،אאאאאאW

Fאא،א،،אאא،אא،אאאKE

אא،אאא،אאאאאא،אאK

אאאאאאא،אאאאאאא،אא

אאאאאאאK אאאאא

אאאW

١ JאאאW אאאא،

אא،אאא،אאאאאא،

،א،אFאאEאFאאE،W

Fאא، Jא JאאWאאF١E،F٢E،F٣E،،

א،אא،F٤E،F٥Eא،F٦E،

F١Eאא،אאאK F٢EWK F٣EWאא،אK F٤EWKאWאאK F٥EאWאאKWKאWאאK F٦EאW،אאא،אאK

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٣٤

א،F١Eאא،F٢E،F٣E،

،אאאF٤E،אF٥Eאא،F٦Eא،F٧Eאא،

אF٨Eאאאא،F٩Eאא،אF١٠Eאא،F١١E،،אF١٢Eא،F١٣EW،

،אאאF١٤Eא،F١٥Eא،F١٦E،]١L٤[אF١٧Eא،،אF١٨E،אF١٩E،

א،F٢٠Eאאא،F٢١E،

F١EאWא،،אאאאאK F٢EאאWא،،،K F٣EWKWK F٤Eאאא،אאאK F٥EאWK F٦EאאWאאא،K F٧EW،אKWאא،א،

אאK F٨EאאWא،אWK F٩EאאאWאאאאאא،אWאאK F١٠EאאWאאא،אאאK F١١EאWKאאאK F١٢EWK F١٣EאWאFEאאאK F١٤EאWאK F١٥EאWאאאא،אאK F١٦EאWאאאאאK F١٧EאWאK F١٨EאאW،אא،אאאK F١٩EאאW،אא،אאאאK F٢٠EאWאאאאאא،אאא

א،،אאK F٢١EאאאWאא،אK

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٣٥@

אאF١Eא،،،אאאF٢EKEF٣EKWFWאאאEF٤EK

٢ JאאאW אF٢٧٦E Jא JאאאאאFאאאWEFאKKאאWא،א،

אאEF٥Eא،KFאEFאE،FאאEKאא،אא

،א،א،FאE،אאאא،א،،אאא

אא،אאאאא،FאE،אאאא،א

א،אא،אאאK אאאאאאKאא

،،א،אאא،WאאK

٣ JאאאW אאאאאאאא

אאא،אWFאאEFאאEFאאE،א

،אאאא،FאאKEא

F١EWKאאWאK F٢EאאWאא،אאא،אא،אאא

אK F٣EאאאWאא،٤L٣ J٤K F٤Eאא،٤L٤K F٥Eאאא،،אא،١٣٨٦L١٩٦٦،٨٠K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٣٦

FאEF١E،FאאEאאאאא

א،אאא،אא،א

אא،אא،אא،،אא،א

אאאאאאאאאאF٢EK

אאאאאאא،אא،א،אK

אאא،א،אאאא،אאאאאK

אאFאאEא،א،،אא،

،א،אא،אא Jא Jא

א،،א،אא،א،אK

אא Jא،אא،אא،אאFאEאאא،

אאאאאאF٣EW א אא

F١EאWא،٨٣K F٢EאאFאEא،אאאא،

א،،אא،אאא،אאאא،אאאWFאאEF

אאE،אאאאK F٣EאWאאאF٣٢٥E،،א،א،٢،١٣٧٣ J١٩٥٣،٧K

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٣٧@

אF١EW אאא אא

אאא אאאאא

א،א،אאאF٢EW אא א

אאא،אאאאאא،אאא،א،א

אK

٤ JאW אאאאאאW

JאWאאאא،אאאK

JאWאאאאאא،א،א،אאאאK

JאWאאא،אאאK JאWאאא،א،א

אאאFאKE JאאWאאא،

א،א،א،א،אא،אא،א،K JאאאאWא،،

אאאאא،אאאא

אK

F١EאK F٢EאאאF٢٠٤E،א،אאא،،١،١٩٩٢،٣٤K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٣٨

JאWאאא،

אאK JאWאאא

אאאאK JאאWאא،

א،אאא،א،אאK

JאאWאא J J،א،אאא،אאאאK

٥ JאאאאW אאא،א،

א،F٦٠E،،א،א٤١،WF

א،،EF١E،אא،،،،א

Kאאאא،،אא،אאא،،

Kא،،אF١٥٨E،،א،א،אK

٦ JאW א،אאא

אא،אא،אאא،אאאא،א

אאא،א،א

F١Eאא،٤L٨٢K

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٣٩@

FאEאאFEאFEF١E،WöΝ s9 r&t s?’ n< Î)“ Ï% ©! $#¢l !% tnzΝ↵ Ïδ≡ t ö/ Î)’ Îûÿ⎯ Ïμ În/ u‘÷β r&

çμ9 s?# u™ª! $#š ù= ßϑ ø9 $#øŒ Î)tΑ$ s%ãΝ↵ Ïδ≡ t ö/ Î)}‘ În/ u‘” Ï% ©! $#⎯ Ç‘ ós ãƒàM‹ Ïϑ ムuρtΑ$ s%O$ tΡ r&⎯ Ä© ór é&àM‹ ÏΒ é& uρ(tΑ$ s%ãΝ↵ Ïδ≡ t ö/ Î) χ Î* sù©! $#

’ ÎA ù' tƒÄ§ ôϑ ¤±9 $$ Î/z⎯ ÏΒÉ− Î ô³ yϑ ø9 $#ÏN ù' sù$ pκ Í5z⎯ ÏΒÉ> Ì øó yϑ ø9 $#|M Îγ ç6 sù“ Ï% ©! $#t x x.3ª! $# uρŸω“ ω öκ u‰tΠ öθ s) ø9 $#t⎦⎫ Ïϑ Î=≈ ©à9 $#F٢EKאFEאFאEFאEאאא

،،א،אא،אאא Jאאאא

J،אאאKאאKאאא Jאא،

W|M Îγ ç6 sù“ Ï% ©! $#t x x.،א،K

٧ JאאW אא،א

אאאא،אא،אא

א،אא،،אאW JאאאאW،אא،

אא،אא،אאא،

א،אאא،،א،אאWFא

א،א،אF٣E،][W؟W،אEF٤Eאא،K

F١EאאאאFאאE،Wא،١٣L٨٦א١٤٩،אאFאאKE F٢Eא،א٢Lא٢٥٨K F٣Eא،،א،א،

א،FE،א،K F٤Eאא،٤L٢٧K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٤٠

א،אאא،

א،א،אאאא،،،אאא

אאאאאאKאאאא،א، Jא JאאאK

Jאאא JאWאאאא،אא،אאאאאFE٣٥،

،،אאאאא،אאאא،אאFEFEFE،FאEK

אאא JאאאF٣٥ J٤١EK אא،،

،FEFא،EF١E،FW>KW،

،،،EF٢EK אאאFאE

،אאאאא،א J Jאא،א

אא،אאאא،אאאא،א،،א

،אאאKאא Jאאא Jא،א،אאאאK

אאKאאאאאאאאאאWF،،Wא>

F١Eאא،٤L٤K F٢Eאא،٤L٥K

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٤١@

]FE[؟Wא>،>EF١EKאא،

،א،،אא،אאאא،אאא

אאאאאאאK F]W[אF٢EW>אKW>

EF٣EKאאא،אא،

٢א،אאאא،،אFE،K

אWF،Wא>אKWא>אא>EF٤EKא

אאאאא،،،אא

אאא،אאאאאKאא،אWאאאא

،אאאKאאא Jא J،K J Jא

WFWאא>EF٥EKא

F١Eא،٢L١٩٧K F٢EאWאאאאאאא،אאא،

אא،אאא،،אא،אאאא،א،אK

F٣Eאא،٤L٥K F٤Eא،٢L١٩٧אאאWאא،٤L٦K F٥Eאא،٤L٦K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٤٢

،אא،אKאאאאא

א،אאא،אאFאאKE JאאאWאאאא

אאאא،אWFאאF١E>W

אאאאW¢Ο ßγ ¯=9 $#β Î)šχ% x.# x‹≈ yδuθ èδ¨, ys ø9 $#ô⎯ ÏΒx8 Ï‰Ζ Ïã

ö ÏÜ øΒ r' sù$ uΖ øŠ n= tãZο u‘$ yf Ïmz⎯ ÏiΒÏ™ !$ yϑ ¡¡9 $#Íρ r&$ oΨ ÏK ø $#A># x‹ yè Î/5ΟŠ Ï9 r&F٢E،אWאאא>EF٣EK

אFאEא،א،אאא،א

א،אאאא،אא

א،אאאא،א،אאK

אאאא،אאא،א

،אאא،אאא،،،،

אאאKאאא،אא

אK JאאאWאאאא،

Fא]٥٠[،אא][،

F١EאאFEK F٢Eא،א٨Lא٣٢K F٣Eאא،٤L٢٧K

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٤٣@

،א،א،،אW][>W>EF١Eאא،K

אאאאאאאאאא،אא،אאאא،

אאאאא،א،אKאW

אאא،א،א،אאא،אאאאא،

אאFKKEאK אאאאאWFא

،،א،אW،؟W،KK>EF٢E،א،WאKא

אאאאא،אאא،אאאא،אK

אא،א،אאWFאאאWאאא

אאא؟א Jאא،W؟אKWא،KאW

אא>אWאא،אאא،אאא،אאא>EF٣Eאא،K

F٤E،F٥EK

F١Eאא،٤L٣٩K F٢Eא،א،F،EFאאאE،

١٧L٢٣K F٣Eאא،٢١L٣٥٨ J٣٥٩K F٤Eאא،٢١L٣٠٢٣٥٦ J٣٥٧٣٥٧K F٥Eאא،٢١L٣٢٤٣٥٧ J٣٥٨K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٤٤

אאא،

אא،אא،אW

WF،א،א>א]א[،W؟א

W>،؟אאKK>KW،>EF١Eא،،

Kאא،אאK

אאאאאF١٤٤E،WFאKאW>EF٢Eאא،،Wאא

F>Eאאאא؟אאא،א،

אא،،אK

א J Jא،אWFאאאWא>אאWא

>EF٣Eאאא،،אא،אאאא

א،אא،אK JאאאWאאאאאא،א

אאאWFאאאWאא،א>

F١Eאא،٢١L٣٦٢ J٣٦٣K F٢Eא،٢L٢١٠Wאאא،١٥٥K F٣Eאאא،١٥٣K

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٤٥@

Wא،؟אאKK>EF١EKאא Jא Jאאאאא

אאאא،א،אאא،אא

א،אאאא،،א،אאאא،אא،

אא،אאאאאאFאאE،אאKאאאאאא،אאאא JאאאWאאאא

א،אאאא،אאאא،אאF٦٣ J٧٣Eא،אא

،אא،אא،א،،،W

אא א ،אא،א،א،،

א،אאW אא

FWא>אאKW؟אWאא،]אאאא

[>EF٢Eאאא،،אא،،אא،אא

אK

F١Eאא،٤L٢٦K F٢Eא،٤L٤١٢K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٤٦

JאאאWאא،WFא،،W>W

א>EF١EKא،א،א،

א،אאא،א،K

א،א،،אא،،אאאאא،

،אאא،אאאאאאאאאK

א،אאאאא،אאאאאאאא

א،אאאאאאא،אK

F١Eאא،٤L٣١K

J]‚Ϲ]çÛ¦JJ@٤٧@

אא ١ JאאK

٢ JאאאאW٤،אאאK ٣ JאאF٣٢٢EWא،אFא

אאE،א،١،١٩٩٦K ٤ JאאאFWEאאא،،١،١٤١٥ J

١٩٩٤K ٥ JאאאאאאF٥٤٣EW

אאאא،אא،،١٩٦٦K ٦ JאאאF٣٥٦EW٢٤،א،

F،EFאא١٧א٢٤KE ٧ JאאFאEFWאEאFאאא

אWEאאא،אאא،،١٣٨٧L١٩٦٧K

٨ JאאאWאאא،٦،אא،٣،١٩٧٤K

٩ JאאF٤٦٦EWאא،،א،١٣٧٢L١٩٥٣K

١٠ JאאאF٢٠٤EWא،אאא،،١،١٩٩٢K

١١ JאאאאF٢٧٦EW،אא،١٣٨٦L١٩٦٦K

١٢ JאF٨٢١EW١٤،אאא،א،١٣٣١ J١٩١٣L١٣٤٠ J١٩٢٢K

ëçÚù]†’ÃÖ]»íjÓŠ¹]íeçqù]JJ ٤٨

١٣ JאאאF٣٢٧EW٧،אא

א،Fאאא،Eאאא١٩٤٩١٩٦٥K

١٤ JאאF٢٧٦EW٤،Fאאא،EFאאאE،١٣٤٣ J١٩٢٥K

١٥ JאאWאא،٩،١٩٦٨K ١٦ JאF٨٥٤EWא،،١،١٤٢٥ J

٢٠٠٤K ١٧ JאאאF٣٢٥EW،א،א،٢،

١٣٧٣ J١٩٥٣K ١٨ JאאF٧٣٣EW٣٣،א،

FאאאEFאאאE،٢٠٠٤ J١٤٢٤K

٤٩@

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١٩٩٣،–١٤١٣،F٥٨ J٩٩E،F٨٩ J٩٣KE F٢E אאW

Allen, Roger, and Richards, D. S.,The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: The Post-Classical Period, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006). Ashtiany, Julia et al. (eds.), The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Addasid Belles – Lettres (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990). Badawi, M. M.,The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Modern Arabic Literature (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992). Besston, A.F.L. et. Al. (eds.),The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983). Menocal,Maria Rosa, Raymond P. Scheindlin, and Michael Sells (editors), The Cambridge History of Arabic LiteratureW The Literature of Al-Andalus(Cambridge University Press, 2000).Young, M. J. L., Latham, J.D. and Serjeant, R.B., The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Religion, learning and science in the ‘Abbasid period, (Cambridge University Press, 1990).

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The Cambridge History of Arabic LiteratureWThe Literature of Al-Andalus Edited by Maria Rosa Menocal, Raymond P. Scheindlin, and Michael Sells (Cambridge University Press, 2000) K

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אאאאאאאאא؛• אאאאאא؛ • א،Haverford CollegeK

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Maria Rosa Menocal , The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary History: A Forgotten Heritage (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1987).

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Maria Antonia Garces, Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive’s Tale (Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, 2002); Frederick A. De Armas, Don Quixote among the Saracens: A Clash of Civilizations and Literary Genres (University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division, Toronto, 2011).

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Nabil Matar, Turks, Moors and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery (Columbia University Press, New York, 1999).

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Maria Antonia Garces, Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive’s Tale (Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, 2002).

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Cuddon, J. A.,The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, Fourth Edition, (Penguin Books, London, 1999), Pp. 600-601; Ross Murfin and Supryia M. Ray, The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms, 3rd Edition, (Bedford-St. Martin’s,Boston – New York, 2009), pp. 349-350.

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Anna Coons Pyeatt, “Lazarillo de Tormes and the Medieval Frame tale Tradition”, D. Phi.. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, December, 2005.

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Wacks, David A., Framing IberiaW Maqāmāt and Frametale Narratives in Medieval Spain (Brill, Leiden • Boston, 2007).

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Allen, Roger, and Richards, D. S., The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: The Post-Classical Period,(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006). Ashtiany, Julia et al. (eds.), The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Addasid Belles – Lettres (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990). Badawi, M. M., The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Modern Arabic Literature (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992). Besston, A.F.L. et. Al. (eds.), The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983). Cuddon, J. A.,The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, Fourth Edition, (Penguin Books, London, 1999), Pp. 600-601. De Armas, Frederick A., Don Quixote among the Saracens: A Clash of Civilizations and Literary Genres (University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division, Toronto, 2011). Dodds, Jerrilynn D., Maria Rosa Menocal and Abigail Krasner Balbale, The Arts of Intimacy:Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Making of Castilian Culture, (Yale University Press , New haven & London, 2008)K Garces, Maria Antonia, Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive’s Tale (Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, 2002). Matar Nabil, Turks, Moors and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery ( Columbia University Press, New York, 1999).

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Menocal, Maria Rosa , • The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary History:A Forgotten Heritage (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1987). • Writing in Dante's Cult of Truth: From Borges to Boccaccio (Duke University Press, Durham and London, 1991) • Shards of Love: Exile and the Origins of the Lyric (Duke University Press, Durham & London, 19940). • The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain (Little Brown, Boston, New York and London,2002). Menocal,Maria Rosa, Raymond P. Scheindlin, and Michael Sells (editors), The Cambridge History of Arabic LiteratureW The Literature of Al-Andalus(Cambridge University Press, 2000). Nichols, Stephen G., “1127 Death of William IX of Aquitania, the First Troubadour”, in: A New History of French Literature, Edited by Denis Hollier (Harvard University Press, Cambridge Ma. and London, 1989).

Pyeatt, Anna Coons, “Lazarillo de Tormes and the Medieval Frame tale Tradition”, D. Phil. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, December, 2005.Murfin, Ross and Supryia M. Ray, The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms, 3rd Edition, (Bedford-St. Martin’s,Boston – New York, 2009), pp. 349-350. Wacks, David A., Framing IberiaW Maqāmāt and Frametale Narratives in Medieval Spain (Brill, Leiden • Boston, 2007).

Weissbach, Muriel Mirak, “Andalusia: Gateway to the Golden Renaissance”, Fidelio, Volume 10, No. 3, Fall 2001, pp. 22-35 • “The Power of Great Poetry to Shape Character and Build the Nation: Dante, Humboldt, and Helen Keller”,Fidelio, Volume, 5, No. 2, Summer 1996, pp.4-28.

Young, M. J. L., Latham, J.D. and Serjeant, R.B., The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Religion, learning and science in the ‘Abbasid period,(Cambridge University Press, 1990).

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J…^ãßÖ]‚Û¦…^ÛÂJJ@٧٥@

٦٨٠L١٢٨١F١E،٦٧٩L١٢٨٠F٢Eא،אא،K

א،אאאא،אאאא،אא،،א

؛אאWA،،F٣E،@F٤EK

אאאאא،אF٥EK،אאאא

א،אאאאאאF٦Eא،אאא،אאאא،אאF٧Eא،

אF٨Eאא،F٩E،F١٠EK א،WA،

אאאא@F١١EK

JW ،،אאאא

F١EאW،א٩،٢٧٧K F٢EאW،א٥א،٧١K F٣Eא،א،א،אאW،א،،א١،١٩٩٧،١،

٣٩٨،١٤،١٠٦FW،KE F٤EW،א١א،٤K F٥EאאW،א٣،٣٠٥،٣٠٦K F٦EאW،א٥א،٢٦٨א،W،א٢٤אא،W،א٢،

٢٨٩K F٧EאW،א٢٤K F٨EאW،א١،٢٨١K F٩EאW،א٥א،٢٦٧K F١٠EאW،א٥א،٢٦٨א،W،א١،٢٨١אא،W،א٢،٢٨٨K F١١Eא،אאW،א١א،٤K

ê^Þ†ÇÖ]êŠÖ‚Þù]á^éuçe_JJ ٧٦

،،אא،אאאא

،אאאWAאאא،@F١E،WAא

@F٢E،Aא@אאF٣EKא

אF٤E،W אאF٦٨٠L١٢٨١Eאאאאא

F٥EKאאאאF٦٨٠L١٢٨١EאאF٦EKאאF٦٨١L١٢٨٢EאאאF٧EKאא

F٦٨٤L١٢٨٥EאאF٨EKאאF٦٨٦L١٢٨٧EאF٩EKאF٦٩١L١٢٩١EF١٠EKאאF٦٩٨L١٢٩٨EאאאF١١EKאאאאF٦٩٩L١٢٩٩E

F١EאW،א٥א،٢٨٠א،W،א٥א،٧٠א،K F٢EאאW،א٣،٣٠٦K F٣EאW،א٥א،٧٥K F٤EאאאW،א٥א،٢٧٨٢٨٠אא،W،א٣،٢٩٧،٢٩٨K F٥EW،א١א،٧א،W،א٧א،٢٤٠אא،W،א١،٨٧K F٦EאW،א٥א،٢٧٨אא،W،א١،٢٤٢אא،W،١א،

٤٦٣،٤٦٧K F٧EWאא،١،٧א،W،א٩א،٢٣٥،٢٣٦אא،W،א١،١٦٩،

١٧٠K F٨EאW،א٥א،٢٧٨،٤،١٩٠אא،W،א٢،٢١٣א،W،א١،

١٩٤K F٩EאW،א٥א،٢٧٨،٢،١٣٢א،W،אא٣،٣١٠،٣١١K F١٠EאW،א٥א،٢٨٠א،W،א١،٤٠٢א،א،Wאא

،אW،אאא،א،א١،٢٥٣K F١١EאWא،٥א،٢٨٠،٢،١٠אא،W،٣א،٤٥אא،W

،١א،١٣K

J…^ãßÖ]‚Û¦…^ÛÂJJ@٧٧@

F١EKאאאאF٧٠٤L١٣٠٤EאאאאF٢EKאאאאF٧٠٨L١٣٠٨E

F٣EK

א JW ،א،

،،אאאAאאא@،Aא@א،Aאא

א،،،،אא אא@F٤Eא،WA

אא،@F٥EK ؛א،אא

،אאאאא، F٦EK

WAא،א،אא،א،،א

אאא،،אאא،א@F٧EK

WAאאאא

F١EאW،א٥א،٢٧٩אא،W،א٢،٣٦אא،W،٣א،

٣٠٣،٣٠٤K F٢EW،א٤א،٢٣٢א،W،א١٩٥א،W،אא٣،١٣K F٣EW،א١א،٦א،W،א٥א،٢٨٠K F٤EאW،א٢٨٠א،W،אא٤،٧٢א،W،א٥א،٧٠ F٥E،W،אא،،א،אא١א،١٩٩٧،١،

٦K F٦E،אW،אאא،،א،א١،١٩٩٣،٨٢K F٧EW،א١א،١٣K

ê^Þ†ÇÖ]êŠÖ‚Þù]á^éuçe_JJ ٧٨

א،@F١EKWAאאW

אאאאאאא،א@F٢EK

אאאאאאא،אF٧٣١L١٣٣٠E،אאאAאאא@F٣Eא،

אא،F٤EK

JW אאא،א،

WA،אא،אא…@F٥E،WA،אא،א

،א،א،אאאא@F٦EK

אאF٧٥٦L١٣٥٥EאאאאF٧EKאאאאF٧٥٦L١٣٥٥EF٨EKא

אאF٧٦١L١٣٥٩EF٩EKאF٧٦٤L

F١EW،א١א،١٢٨K F٢EW،א١א،١٤٢K F٣E،אWאאא،W،אא،،،١،١٩٩٨،١،

٤٥٢،٤٥٤K F٤EאW،א٥א،٧٤K F٥EאW،א٩،٢٧٦K F٦EאW،א٩،٢٧٩K F٧EאW،א١٠،١٣٩אא،W،א١،٥٥١א،W،א٣א،

١٣٤א،אא،W،אאW،אא،،،א١،١٩٩١،٨،٣٠٩K

F٨EאW،א١א،٣٦٠א،W،א١،٤٠٢אא،W،אא٨،٣٠٧K F٩EאW،א٢א،٤١٥،٤١٦א،W،א٢،٦٨אא،W،אא٨،

٣٢٩K

J…^ãßÖ]‚Û¦…^ÛÂJJ@٧٩@

١٣٦٢EF١EKאאF٧٦٩L١٣٦٧Eא،،אאF٢EKאא

אאאF٧٧٢L١٣٧٠EאאF٣EKאאF ٧٧٣L١٣٧١EאאF٤EKאF٧٧٨L١٣٧٦E

אF٥EK

JW אאאF٦Eא،WA

،אאאא…אא@F٧Eאאאאאאא،אאאא،

Kאאאא،אא אא،אאAא

א@א،Aאאא@K אאאא،אאWAאאאא

@،Aאאא@،Aאאא@،Aאאא@،AאאA@אא@،Aאאא@،Aאא

@،Aאאאאאאא@،Aאאאאא@K ،אAאאא@،א،Aא

א@،Aאא@،Aאא@K

F١EאW،א٣،٢٧٨٢٨٠א،W،א١٠،٥א،W،א٢א،

١٧٦K F٢EאאW،א١،٤٢٨א،W،א٢א،٣٧٢א،W،א٢،٤٧،٤٨K F٣EאW،א٢א،٤٦٤א،W،א٢،٩٢K F٤EאW،א١א،٢٢٤א،W،א١،٣٤٢،٣٤٣K F٥EאW،א٥א،٦١א،W،א١،٢٧٥K F٦EאאW،א٢٤K F٧EאWא،א٥،٢٦٨K

ê^Þ†ÇÖ]êŠÖ‚Þù]á^éuçe_JJ ٨٠

א،אאWAאאא@،Aאא

אאא@،Aאא@،Aא@،Aא@،Aאאא@،Aאא@K

אWAאאאא@،Aאאא@KאWAאאא@،Aאאאא@،אAאא@،Aא

אא@א،K ،אWAאאאא@،Aא

א@،Aאא@،Aא@F١EKא،אK

א،אאא؛אAא@אאא،Aאאא@،אא

؛אWAאאאאאא،אאאאאא

،אאKאאאא،א،،،א،אאא

،،אא،אאא،،אאא،א،

אא،،אא،א،،אאאאאאא،

אאאאא،אאאא،אאאאK

،אאאאאא،אאאאאא،אא

F١Eא،אW،א٥א،٢٨٠،٢٨١א،W،א٢٨١٢٨٥א،W

،אא٤،٧٨،٧٩א،W،א٦،٣١אא،W،א٢،٢٨٦א،Wאא،٥،٧١٧٥א،W،א١،٢٨١אא،W،א٣،٢٩٧،٢٩٨K

J…^ãßÖ]‚Û¦…^ÛÂJJ@٨١@

א،א،،א…אאאאאאא،אKאאא

א،@F١EK ،، F٢E،

אאאF٣EKאאאאאאא،אא،א،א،אאא

،אF٤EK ،אאא،אאא

אאאאאאאאא،א،א،אאאאF٥EK

אאאאאאאאאאאאF٦Eא،אאא،

אאא،אאאא،אאאא،א،אאF٧EK

،אאאאאאא،א،א

،אאאאאאאאK

F١EW،א١א،٤،٥אא،W،א٩١،٩٢K F٢E،אW،א،א،אא٢٠٠٠،٧٨K F٣EאW،אא٧٩K F٤EאW،אא٨٣،٨٤K F٥EאW،אא٨٤K F٦EאW،א٩١K F٧EאW،אא٨٧K

ê^Þ†ÇÖ]êŠÖ‚Þù]á^éuçe_JJ ٨٢

،אאאא؛אא

אאא،אאא؛א،F١EK

JW א٧٤٥L١٣٤٤אא،F٢E،

אאאF٣Eא،W אאא אא

אאF٤E א،،אא،א

،אWAא٧٤٣ L ١٣٤٢،،א٧٤٥ L ١٣٤٤א،

א،אא@F٥EK

–אאW Aאאאא@F٦E،אWA

א،،א،א،אF٧E،،א،،@F٨EKאאאא

אF٩Eאאאא،F١٠Eאא،،אAא

F١EאW،אא٨٩،٩٠،٩٧،٩٩אא،W،א٨٨٩٠K F٢EאW،א٢٦אא،W،٣א،٦٠،אא،٢٨٤א،

W،א٥א،٧٦K F٣Eא،W،אאא،،،אא١א،١٩٩٤،١٤،١٧١K F٤EאW،א٥א،٢٨١K F٥EאאW،א٣،٣٠٥K F٦EאW،אא٤،٧٢K F٧EאWאאא،א،W،אא،،א١א،١٩٨٥،٩٥٧K F٨EאאW،א٣،٣١٠K F٩EאW،א١،٢٨٠K F١٠EאאW،א٢،٢٨٦K

J…^ãßÖ]‚Û¦…^ÛÂJJ@٨٣@

אא@F١E،A،@F٢E،Aאאאאאא@F٣EK

אF٤Eא،Aאא،،א،א@F٥E،

،،אאאWAW،אFWEאא@F٦EK

WAאאאא،אאא،،א

אא…،אאאא،

…א،אאא@F٧EK

؛אWAא@F٨E،Aאאא@F٩E،Aאאאא،אא

،אא،אאאאא،א،אאאא@F١٠E،A@F١١E،

Aא،א،אא،א،א

F١EאW،א١،٢١٩K F٢EאW،אא٤،٧٢K F٣EאW،א٥א،٧٣K F٤EאW،א٥א،٧٥،٧٦K F٥EאאW،א٣،٢٨٧K F٦EאW،א٥א،٧٦K F٧EאאW،א٣،٣١٠،٣١١K F٨EאאW،א٢،٢٨٢K F٩EאW،א٥א،٢٦٧K F١٠EאW،א٩،٢٧٦K F١١EאW،א١،٢٨٠K

ê^Þ†ÇÖ]êŠÖ‚Þù]á^éuçe_JJ ٨٤

אא،אאאא،א@F١E،Aאאא

אאאאאאאא،אא@F٢EK

אאאאא،אאאאאאאאאאאאא،אא

א،אאאאאאאK

F١Eא،אW،אW،אאא،،א١،١٩٨٧،١،٢١٨،٢١٩K F٢EאW،אא٤،٧٢K

J…^ãßÖ]‚Û¦…^ÛÂJJ@٨٥@

אאא

_אW _،אאW،א،،א،אאא

١٩٣٣K _א،אאWא،Wא،א،א

،٢א،١٩٧٣K _א،אאW،אאW،،א

،אא،١،١٩٩١K _،אW،אאאאW،א،א

٢،١٩٦٦K _،אאWאא،אאאא

،אאW،אאא،١٩٧٠K _א،אWאא،אW،א،א

אאאK _،אW،אאא،،،אא١א،

١٩٩٤K _א،אW،א،،א١،١٩٩٧K _אא،W،،א،אא١٨٤٠K _،Wא،،א،אאא

،١א،١٩٩٧K _א،אW،אW،אאא،،א١،

١٩٨٧K _א،W،אאWאאא،،אK _،אאW،אW،،١،١٩٧٢K _א،Wאאאא،אK _א،אWא،אW،אא،א

،،٢א،١٩٩٢K

ê^Þ†ÇÖ]êŠÖ‚Þù]á^éuçe_JJ ٨٦

_א،אW،אאאW،אא

،١،١٩٦٤K _،אW،אאאW،،،

،אא١،١٩٩٨K _،אW،אא،א،א٢א،١٩٦٢K _،אWא،،،אא

،١٩١١אK _،אW،אאWא،،K _،אאW،א،אאא

،אאא،،١،١٩٩٥K

_אאW .م١٩٨٥، ١التربية، طاملعجم املدرسي، سورية، وزارة : أبو حرب، حممد خري_ .البحر احمليط، الرياض: أبو حيان، حممد بن يوسف_ .م٢٠٠٠أبو حيان و تفسريه البحر احمليط، الرياض، مكتبة الرشد، : البدر، بدر_ ، ١أبو حيان األندلسي، منهجه التفسريي، بريوت، دار الكتب العلمية، ط: اجلنان، مأمون_ .م١٩٩٣

٨٧@

t戹]‚ÃÖ]{{{êe†ÃÖ]p]Ö]MOT{{MOUÌè†}{{Ìé‘KNLMQ

*

ì†â^{{{{{{{{{{¾»…]†{{{{ÓjÖ]ëvf{{Ö]†Ã{{

א א א א א א אא א ؛ א

א א א .אא א א אא ، א א

،א א א א א אא א א)١("א א א א

، א א א א ، "א،א

*א

א ، א א ، אא،)٢("א א א

، א ، א א א ، א א א:٧١١(א ،:א) א

א א ،::א.،א א א)٣(א א א ،

א:א)١٧٥( א )٤("א

GK F١E،אאWא٧٩ F٢Eא،Wאא٢٤٢ F٣EאWא٥L١٣٥ F٤Eא،אאFW١٩٨٦Eא٥L٢٧٧

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ٨٨

אאאW

אאאאאא،אאאאאF١٨٠EFאEF١Eאאאא

א،אאאאאא،אאאאאאK

אאF٢٠٧Eאאאאא،אאאאאאאאא،F٢E

אF٣٩٥EFאאEF٣EאאאאאאK

אאאאF٣٩٥EFאאEFאאאאE،

אא،אאאא?Wאאאא?F٤E

אאF٦٥٤Eא،אאא?אאאאאאאאא?F٥E

אאWאאאאאא،אאא،אאאא

אאאאאא،K אאאאW

אאאW WאאאWאאאאאאאאא

אK

F١EWאא٦١ F٢EאאF١٩٨٠WEא،١אL١٧٦ F٣EאF١٩٩٣Eא،א٢١٣א F٤E،אF١٩٨٠WEא٣٠א F٥EאאW،אאא٣٧٥

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@٨٩@

١אאW אאאאא،،

אWא،אא،אאWאאאאאאאאאK

אאאF١E אא

אא

א

אאא

אאא

א

אא

א

אFאEא،אא

،אאא،אא،،אאאאאא،אא

א،FאEאא،אאאאאאK

אאא אאאא אא ٢ א א ٥ א ١ א אא ٢

אF٢EWא אאא

אאא

א

F١Eא٢٣٤א F٢Eא٥٥٤א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ٩٠

א

אאא

אאא

אאא

אFאאEא،א

،א،אאאFאאEאא،KאאאאאFאאאE،א،אאאא

א،אאK אאא אאא

אא אאאאא ٥ אא ٢ אא אא ٥ אא אאא ٣

א،אא،אאאאF١E

א

א

א

אא،אאא،א

אאא،אFאE

אאא אאאא ٤ א א ٤

F١Eא٢אL٦٣١

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@٩١@

אאאאאאW

אאאW אF١EWא

אFLEאאא،אאאK

אאאאW אא

אא،אאא،אF٢E

א

؟א

אא

א

אא

א

אאאFאE،א

،אאאאאא،FאEאאא،אFאFEEאאאאFE،אאאאאאFE

אאאאא،אאK

אאא אאאא ٤ א ٤ א ١ א ٢

F١Eא٦٣٣א F٢Eא٨٠٨א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ٩٢

אאW

אאאאFאאאאEאאא،א،א

אאאאאאא،אאאאאא،F١E

א

אא

אא

אא

א

אא

א

אאFאאאאE،אא

אא،؛אא؛אא،אאא

אאא،אא،א،א،אאFאאEFאEא

،אאFאEFאאאE،א،א،אאא

אא،אK אא א אאא

א אאאאא

٨

א אאא

٧

אא א ١

F١Eא٢אL١١٤١

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@٩٣@

٢WאאW אאאאאאאאאא

אאאא،אאאא،אW אאאאאWאF١E

אא

א

א

אFאEא،אאFLE

אאאאאאא،אא،אאאאאא،א

אאאאאאאאK

אא אא א ٣ ٢ ٢

אW אא،אאאאאא

אאF٢E א

אW؟

אא

א

F١Eאא٤٠ F٢Eא١١٨١א١١٨٢١١٨٣

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ٩٤

אאא

אא

א

אאאFEאא،FE،

אאFEאאא،FEא،אא،אאאאא

K אא אא

٢ ٢ ٢ ٢

٣אאW ،אא،אא

אאאאאאאאאאאא،אאF١EW

אא

אא

אא

؟אא؟

FאEאאאאא،א

א،אאאאאאאאK

F١Eא١٧٧א

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@٩٥@

WF١E

אא

א

אאא

אאא

אא

אFאאEא،אא

אאאאאא،אאא،אאא،א

אאK אא אא א ٢

אא ٢

WאאאW א،אאא

א،אK،אאאאאא،אאאאאאאW

١אאW ،אא،אאאאאא،א?אאא

?F٢E،؛אאאאא،F٣E א

؟א

F١Eא١٤א F٢EאאWא٣٦Wא،אאW٢אL٣ F٣Eא٦٥٥א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ٩٦

،אאFE،אא

א،א،אאאאאאאKאאאאא

אא،אK ٢אWאא،אאא?א

אא?F١Eא،אא؛אא،אא،אא

KאWF٢E אא

א،

אאאאא،אאאאאא

FאLאE؛אא،אאא،אאאאא،،א

א،אאא،אאא،K

F٣EW אא

אא

א،אאאאאא

FEאFאEאFאאKE ٣אW?אאאא

אאאאאא،?F٤EאF٥E

F١E،אWא٣٥٣ F٢Eא١٧א F٣Eא١٥٨א F٤Eא،אWא٤٠ F٥Eא١٣א

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@٩٧@

אא

אא

אאאאFאאאאE

אאFE،אאFאאEFאאEאאK F١EW

א

אא

אאFאEFאE،

FאאEאK ٤אW?،א?F٢E

אF٣E אא

א

אאאFאE،،אאא

א،אאK F٤EW

אאאא

؟אאא

אFאאאאKEאאאא

אאאאK ٥אWא،אאF٥E

אF٦EW א ؟אא

F١Eא١١٢א F٢EאW١אL١٧٣אאWא٣٠٥ F٣Eא٦٦٠א F٤Eא١٧١א F٥EאWאא٣L٣٣٧W،אW٤١١א F٦Eא٤٨א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ٩٨

אאאFE،FאאE،

אאאא،אאאאאK

WF١E ؟

،

FEאFEF

E،אאאא،אאאK

٦אW،אאאF٢E،אF٣E

،א

אאFE،א،

אאFE،FE F٤EW

אאFEFEFE،

אאא،אאאאאאאאאK

٧אWא،א،אאאF٥E،אF٦E

F١Eא٥١א F٢EאW١אL٣٧٣אWא٣אL٨٢ F٣Eא٥٢א F٤Eא٤٧א F٥E،אW٤٦٦א F٦Eא٥٠א

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@٩٩@

א

א

FEFE،אא

אא،אאאאאאא،،אאאא

אK ٨אWאאאא

אאא،אאאאאאא،אא

،אאאאF١Eא،F٢E

א

אאא

אFאאE،אאא

אאא،אאאאאאאFאE

٩אאWאא،אא،אF٣EF٤E

אא

אא

א

אאאאאאא،אאא

אFEאKאאK

F١E،אWא٢٧٥א F٢Eא٢٤٦א F٣EאWאא٢٣٥٠אWא٣אL١٥١ F٤Eא٨١٤א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ١٠٠

WאאאW

،אאא،אאאאאא،אאאא

אא،אאאאא،אא،אאאאאא

א،אאאאאאאאאK?א?אאא

،،،אאאא،א،אא،א

א،אא،אאא?،אאK

אאאאאאאKאאאאא،אאאאא

א،אאאאאא،אאאאאאאאאאאK

١אW אאאאאFאאאאאאא

אאאאאאEא،אאFא،אאא،

אאאאאאאEK אאאאאאאאא٢٢٧Z٧}٢٢٪

،،אא?אאא?F١E،

F١Eא،אWאאW،٣٨١

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@١٠١@

אF١EW אאא

אאא

א

א

אאא

אאאאFEאאאאKא

אאK אאאאאאאא،א

אאאאKאאאא،K

אאאאאא١٥٧Z٧٣}١٥٪ אF٢EW

Wאא

א

W

א

א

אאאאF٣E،א

אאאא،אאF٤Eאא،אאאא

א،אאאאZ٤٣}١٥٪،אZ٨٢}١٢٪،אאZ٣١}٩٪،א،

אאאאאאאאאאאא،

F١Eא٨٣א F٢Eא٣٥٦א F٣E،Wאא٣٥ F٤E،אWאא١٠٦א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ١٠٢

،אאאאא،אא

אאאאאאאZ٤٠}٠٪،אZ٢٠}٠٪אZ١٠}٠٪אא

٢אW ،אאאאא

،אאF١E،א،אF٢Eאאאא،

،א،אא؛אאא،אאא،אא

K אאאאאZ٧٨١}١אא

Z١٤٥،אא WF٣E א

אאא،אאK

،אא،אK אאאF٤EW

אא

א

،אאאא،א

א،א؛KאאאאאKאאאאאאאK

F١E،WאאאW٢٢٠ F٢E،WאW٢٤٦ F٣Eאא٣٥٧ F٤Eא٥٢١א

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@١٠٣@

٣אW אאאאאFאא

אE،FאאE،FאE،FאE،FאאE،FאE

،FאE،FאEFאE،FאE،FאE

،FאאE،FאEא،FאE،FאE،FאE

،Fא،אEFאE،FאאאאאE،FאאאEאK

אאK אFאאEא،אא

،אא،אאא،KF١EW

א

א

אאא

אא

אאא

אאאאאא،،א

אאFאEFאאאEאא،אאK

אאאא،אאאKF٢EW

F١Eא٣٥٠א F٢Eא٢٩٨א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ١٠٤

א

א

א

א

א،אא

FאאאאאאאEאFאאאאEא،אאK

אאאאאא،Kא،אא،אאאא

אאK،אא،אאא،אאא،אא

א،אאאK

אWאאאאאW אאאאאאאאאאK

WאאאW،אאאאאWWLאא،א

אא،אF١Eאא אאא

א

אא

אא

אאאאאF،

E،אאאאאאא،אאא

F١Eא١٥٩א

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@١٠٥@

אא،א،אאאאאFEFEאאאאאאאאאא،

אא،אאאאאאK

אאאW WאאWא،אאאאא،

אאא،אאF١E אאאא

אא

אאא

א،

א

،א

א

אאאא

אאא،א،א

אאאKא?אאאאאא،אא،

،אא?F٢Eאאא،אא،،אא،אא

אא،אאאK ،אאאאאאאאא

א،אאא،אא؛א،אאא

F١Eא٣٤א F٢EאW٢אL٧٣٧٦

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ١٠٦

אאאאאא،א،F١Eא

אאאאאאא،אK WאאWאאאאF٢E

א

א

אא

אא

،אא

אאאא

אא

אא

א

אאאאאאא

אאאא،אאאWK

אאאאאאאFא،אאEאא،،אא

אאאK WאאאWאא،אאא

،אFEF٣E אא

א

אאFE،אא

،אאאאFאLאE FWEF٤E

F١Eא،אאWאאאא٣١ F٢Eא١٣א F٣Eא٦٥٨א F٤Eא٦٣٧א

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@١٠٧@

FEF١E

א

FEF٢E

אא

؟

FEF٣E

א

א

א،אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא،א

א،אאאאF٤EאF٥E

א

WאאאW ،אאאאאא

،אאF٦E א

אא

א

א

א

א

אא

אא

F١Eא٦٥١א F٢Eא٦٧٤א F٣Eא٦٨٠א F٤EאWאא،אאא،אאW

،אW٤٤٣א F٥Eא٦٨٥א F٦Eא٦١٣א

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ١٠٨

אFLאEFאLאEFLאEFLאE

،אא،אאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאאK

F١E אא

אא

א

אא

אאאFEFאLLא

אLאE،א،אK

אW ١אאאא،א

אאאא،אK ٢אאא،אאא

אאאא،א،אאWא،אאא

אאאאא،אא،אFאEאאא

אא،،Kאאאאא،אאא

א،אאאאאאאאK

٣،אאאאאא،،אאא،אאא

F١Eא٦١٦א

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@١٠٩@

אאאאאאאאK

٤אאא،אא،K ٥Kאא،אאא،אא

،אאא،אאאK

٦אאאאאאאאאא،אאאאא،א

אאאאא،א،אאא،א،،א

א،אאאא،אאאאאא،אאאא،אא

K ٧אאא،אאאאאאאאא

אא٢٢٧א٧}٢٢٪א،א،א

אאאאא١٠٧،٧٣}١٥٪،،א،אאאאK

٨אאאא٧٨١}١אאא١٤٥אאאאאא،

،אאא،،אאאא،אאאאא،

K ٩אאא،א،FאאאE،

אאאאאאאK،אאאא،K

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ١١٠

١٠אאאאW

א،אאא،K ،אאWא

אאאאK ١١א،אאאאאאאא

אא،אKאאאא،אאא،אK

êÚ^Ö]l^ßÚöÚJJ@١١١@

אאאW ١אא ٢אFE٢٨٤،אאLא٢אאא،

،א،١٩٩٩ ٣אW،א،א٣א،א،١٩٨٣ ٤אW،אאאאאאא

אא، ٥אאW،،א،אאא

،א،אאK ٦אאW،א٢א،،אK ٧אא،Wאאא،אא،א١٩٣٣ ٨אF١٩٩٣WE،אא١א،

،א،،א، ٩אW،א،א،،K

١٠אWאא،אא١א،،،١٩٩٨ ١١،אW،א١א،אאא،،

١٢א،W،א٢אאא،،١٩٢٥ ١٣אא،אאF١٩٥٨E١אאא،א،K ١٤،אW،אא،אאאא

١٥،W،אאא٣،אא،١٩٦٦ ١٦W،אK،א،١،אא،،K ١٧،אWא،א،אאאא ١٨א،אאWאאאאאא٤٥

٢٠٠١

ëvfÖ]†Ã»…]†ÓjÖ]ì†â^¾JJ ١١٢

١٩،Wא،א١،אאא،٢٠٠٤ ٢٠،אF١٨٨٤WE،٢אאאא،

אאא،K ٢١،אF١٩٨٠E،אא،٤אא،، ٢٢،אWאאWאאא،אא،אאא

١٩٩٠ ٢٣אW،אאאאא١א،אא،

،א٢٠٠٢א ٢٤،Wאאא،אFKE ٢٥אאF١٩٨٠WE،א،אא،א،א

١٩٨٠ ٢٦א،אאF١٩٨٦WE،אאאא،א

אאא،א،אאK ٢٧א،אאWאאא،אא،K ٢٨אא،אW،א١אאא،،،١٩٧٠ ٢٩،אWאא،אא،،١٩٧٨ ٣٠،אאWא،،אא،١٩٩١K ٣١،Wאא،א،אאאא،

١٩٨٠

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א א א א

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א א אא א א ، א א א

،א ، אא א ،

א .א

.אא*

W א،א،א אא

).(،אא−(

א،)١٩٣٢() א .א

GאK

äi^ËÖö²fikÿfmæäiŠÖflØÛ¥šfl†Âê×éuˆÖ]ífâæ…çjÒ‚Ö]ƒ^j‰ù]JJ ١١٦

אא،א،אאאא

אא،אאאא،א،אאא،אא،א

א،אF١Eא،אא،א،אא،אא

،אאאאאFW١٩٤١EF٢E،אאא،אא

אF٣E،אאF١٩٧٥KE אאF٤E،א،

،א،א،F١٩٨٤KE

אאאאאא،אאא،א،א،אK

אW א،אאא،אא

אF٥EF١٩٤٦Eאא،،א،אאאא،א

אא،אאאW

F١EאאאK F٢Eאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאא،אאK

F٣EאW،אאאאאKאאאאאK

F٤E،א،אאאאא،אא،א،א،אאא١٩٧٢K

F٥Eאא،אFאאEאאאאאאK

JÝ^v×Ö]‚éŠÖ]Äè‚eJJ@@١١٧@ JאאאF١٩٥٦KE JאFאE،אאF١٩٥٧KE JאאF١٩٥٧KE JאאאאאFאאKE JאאאFאאאEF١٩٦٣E،אא

אFאEא?אאא?אא،אאאאK

W אאאאאאאאאאאאא

א،אא،אאא،א،אא،א،אא

אאאF١EK

W אאא،،

F١٩٧٥KE אא،K

אאאאא،אאאאאK

אF١٩٨٤ J١٩٨٩Eאאאאאא،אאאאFאאKE

F١EאאאWא،אאא،אא١٨،אאF١٤٢٢L٢٠٠١KE

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אF١٩٩٧E،

אאאא،אאאא،אאא،K

אאW אF١٩٦٧KE

אFFE١٩٦٧ J١٩٦٩KE אאא،אא

F١٩٨٩KE אאאאאK

אאאאאK אאאאW

JאאK Jאאאא Jא JK Jאא،א،אא،K JאאאאאK Jאאא،

אאאאאK Jאאאא،אאא

אאא،אאאאאאאא،אאא

K אאאאאאא

F٢٤LאL١٤٣٦Z٩LL٢٠١٥EFKE

JÝ^v×Ö]‚éŠÖ]Äè‚eJJ@@١١٩@

W אאא،אאא

אאאאאא،א J Jא

אאאK א،א

אF١EאאאאF٢Eאאא،K

א ١K אאאFאWEאא،١L١٩٦٣F٣E،

אK ٢K אאאWאאF١٩٩٨KE ٣K אאWאאF٢٠٠٠Eא،K ٤K אאאFאWEאאF١٩٩٧KE ٥K אאאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٦K אאאWאאF٢٠٠٠E،

אFאאאKE ٧K אאאאFאWEאאK ٨K אאWאא،אאאא

F١٩٨٨KE ٩K אאאאאאאאWאאF١٩٩٧KE

F١EאK F٢EK F٣E،אK

äi^ËÖö²fikÿfmæäiŠÖflØÛ¥šfl†Âê×éuˆÖ]ífâæ…çjÒ‚Ö]ƒ^j‰ù]JJ ١٢٠

١٠K אFאאאאאFE،،

F٢٠٠٦KEא،אאWEא ١١K אאאWאאF١٩٩٨KE ١٢K FאאWEאאF١٩٨٠KE ١٣K אאאWאאF١٩٩٨KE ١٤K אאאאאWאאF٢٠١٥KE ١٥K אFאאאWEאא،K ١٦K אאאאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ١٧K אאאאאאWאאF١٩٩٦KE ١٨K אאאאW،א،אאאF١٩٩٠KE ١٩K אאאאW،א،אאא

F١٩٩٢KE ٢٠K אאאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٢١K אאא،אאF١٩٩٥KE ٢٢K אאWאאK ٢٣K אאFאאאאWEאאF١٩٩٦KE ٢٤K אאWאאF١٩٩٨KE ٢٥K אאW،אאא،אF٢٠٠٨KE ٢٦K אאאאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٢٧K אאאאWאאF١٩٧٢E،אK

אאFאKE ٢٨K אאWא،אאF١٩٨٦KE ٢٩K אאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٣٠K אאאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE

JÝ^v×Ö]‚éŠÖ]Äè‚eJJ@@١٢١@

ZאWאאZאאאאK ٣١K אאאא،אאF١٩٩٧KE ٣٢K אאFאאWEאאF١٩٩٧KE ٣٣K אאאאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٣٤K אאאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٣٥K אאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٣٦K אאF٩١،א٩١אWEאאF١٩٩٩KE ٣٧K אאאאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٣٨K אאWאאF١٩٩٩KKE ٣٩K אWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٤٠K אWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٤١K אאאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٤٢K אWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٤٣K אאאWאאF١٩٩٩KE ٤٤K אאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٤٥K אFאאWאאF١٩٩٩KE ٤٦K אאFאEFאאWEאא

F٢٠٠٠KE ٤٧K ?אא،אF٧٩٥FWEאEאא

F١٩٩٣KE ٤٨K ?אאאאא،F٥١٦WEא

אF١٩٩٩KE ٤٩K ?אFW٥٧٥?E،אא

אא،אF١٩٦٤KE

äi^ËÖö²fikÿfmæäiŠÖflØÛ¥šfl†Âê×éuˆÖ]ífâæ…çjÒ‚Ö]ƒ^j‰ù]JJ ١٢٢

٥٠K אאWאאF٢٠٠٠EK ٥١K אWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٥٢K אאאאאFW١٦אEא،א،א

אא،אאF١٩٩١KE ٥٣K אאWא،،אאF١٩٩٤KE ٥٤K אאFW٣אEאאF٢٠٠١KE ٥٥K אאאאאאWאאF١٩٩٦KE ٥٦K אאאאFאWEאאF١٩٩٧KE ٥٧K אאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٥٨K אאאWאF١٩٨٧KE ٥٩K אאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٦٠K אאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٦١K אאאאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٦٢K אאFאאWEאאF١٩٩٧KE ٦٣K אאאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٦٤K אאאאWאאF١٩٩٥KE ٦٥K אWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٦٦K אאאאאWאF١٩٨٠KE ٦٧K אאאWאאF١٩٩٥KE ٦٨K אאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٦٩K אאאאאאF١EWאאF١٩٩٩WE ٧٠K אFאאWEאאF٢٠٠٠KE

F١E،F١٩٥٩EF٤٠EK

JÝ^v×Ö]‚éŠÖ]Äè‚eJJ@@١٢٣@

٧١K FאאWEאאK ٧٢K אאאאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٧٣K אאFאWEאאF١٩٩٣KE ٧٤K אאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٧٥K אאאאאFאאאWEאאF١٩٩١KE ٧٦K אאאאאאאאWאא

F٢٠٠١KE ٧٧K אWאאF١٩٧٤KE ٧٨K אאאFאWEאאF١٩٩٧KE ٧٩K אאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٨٠K אאW،אF١٩٩٢KE ٨١K אאWאאF٢٠٠٦KE ٨٢K אאאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٨٣K אאאאאWאאF١٩٧٨KE ٨٤K אאאWאאF٢٠٠٠KE ٨٥K אאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٨٦K אאאWאאF٢٠٠١KE ٨٧K אWאאF١٩٧٧KE ٨٨K אאWאאF١٩٩٧KE ٨٩K אאWאא،אא

F١٩٨٧E ٩٠K אאאאאFאאאWEאאF١٩٩١KE ٩١K אאאאאאאאWאאF١٩٨٧KE

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٩٢K אאאאאWאF١٩٨١KE

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אאאאאW

،אאאאא،א،אא،אאאא Jאאא J

KאאאאאאאאKאא،،אאאא

א،אאאאאK אאאא،אאאא

א،אאאאKאאאאא،אאא،אא،אאאאא

אאאא،אא،אאאK،אא?א?،F٦٢٠KE،K?א?،F٢٠٠٠KE،K??،F٦٢٨

KE،א،??F٧١٨KE،K

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א،אאאא،אKאאאאא،Kאאאאא

،אאא،אאא،אKKKאאאאאאא،א

F١EK א،אא،אאאאאא

א،אWא،א،א،אא،אא،אא،K،אאאאאא

אאK

F١EW،אאאKK

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אא،אאW ،א،

،אאאאאא،אאאKאאאאא

אאא،א،،א،K

،א،אא?א?א،،אאאא،אא??،א

אאאאF١EK אאW?אא?אא،Kא

א،א،אא،אאKאא،،אW?،אא?K

،אאאא،א،אא،אאא??אK،אא

אאאאאאKאאאאKאא،אא،W

?אא?Kא،אאאאאאKאא،W?،?K

?F١٨٦٩E?אF٢EK אאאאאW

אאW،،אKאא،אאK،אאW

،אאKKKאW،אKKKWאאאKאאKאאKאאK

אאKאאKאאK

F١E،אKK F٢E،אKK

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،אאאא؛אאאא،

אא،אא،،אאK

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אאאK אאאאW،،

א،K

אאW ،אאאאאאW،

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،،אKאאא،אאא،Kאא،א،אK

אאW ،،אאW

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א،،אKא،אאא،אW،،،

א،אא،א

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،אאא،،אא،אאאאK

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u ô£ ãè ø9 $# ]אW١٨٥[K

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- ،אאא،א،א،אאאאא،אK

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،אאאא،אא،אא،אאא،אאאאK

- אאאWאא،א،א،אאא،אאא،א

،Kאאא

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א،Wא،אKאא،א@F١EK

אאאW א،אאאאאW

- אאאא،אאK - אאא،אאאאאK

،K - אא،אאא،אא

K

אא

אאא ،אא،

א،،א،אאKאאא،אאאאא،

،אאאאאאW

F١Eאאא،א’א،א،Wא،אאF٢٦٦٤KE

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JאאאW ،אאאאאא

،K،K،אא?א?Kאא،אKא

،אא،א،אא،א،אא،אאאא،

אאא،אKאאאאא،א،א،אK

JאאW א،،אאא

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@F١EK

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F١E،אא،א،אF٦٤٣٥KE

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א،אאא،אא،א

אאK،אא،KKKאKאאFW٧٩٠?WEא

א،אא،אאאאאא،אא

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F١E،אאF٢L٢٧٩KE

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JאאאאW אאא،אאא

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אאאאאא،W،א،אא،אאא@F٢EK

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،،אW

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אאK - אאא،אאאאK - אא،אאאK - אאאאאאK - אאא،אאאאK - אאאאK

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JאאW ،אא،אאאאאאאאא،א،א،،

אK،،אא،א،،،KKK،אא،א

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F١E،אא،אKW،F٣٩٥٦KE

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JאאW אאאא،א،אאא،אא،אאא

אאKאא،אא،אאאKא،אאאאK،אאאא

אאא؛אא،אאאKא،א،،א

אK

א JאאאW א،אאאא،אאW… çμ ¯Ρ Î) uρ

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F١E،אF١٨L٥٢٣KE

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JאאW

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Jא،א،אאאא،K،אאאאא،א

אאאאאKאאאאK

؛אאא،אאאאאאאאא،אאאא،א

אאא،אK

JאאW אאאW

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אא،אK،אאא،אאאאK

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JאאW ،א،א،א،א،א،אא،אאא،א،א

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אאאאאא،אא،

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،،אא،א٤،١٤٠٧ J١٩٨٧K

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،٣K • ،אא،אאF٧٩٠E،W،א،

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אאאK ،אא،אא

אAאאאאא،אא،אאא

אאאK ،אאאאW

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١ Jאאאאא،K

٢ JאאאK ٣ Jאא،،אאאW

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٥ Jאאאאאאא،אא،א،א،א،א

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öΝ ä3 Í← !$ |¡ ÎΣ ãΝ à6 ç6 Í× ¯≈ t/ u‘ uρ © ÉL≈ ©9 $# ’ Îû Ν à2 Í‘θ àf ãm ⎯ ÏiΒ ãΝ ä3 Í← !$ |¡ ÎpΣ © ÉL≈ ©9 $# Ο çF ù= yz yŠ £⎯ Îγ Î/ β Î* sù öΝ ©9 (#θ çΡθ ä3 s? Ο çF ù= yz yŠ  ∅ Îγ Î/

Ÿξ sù yy$ oΨ ã_ öΝ à6 ø‹ n= tæ ã≅ Í× ¯≈ n= ym uρ ãΝ à6 Í← !$ oΨ ö/ r& t⎦⎪ É‹ ©9 $# ô⎯ ÏΒ öΝ à6 Î7≈ n= ô¹ r& β r& uρ (#θ ãè yϑ ôf s? š⎥ ÷⎫ t/ È⎦ ÷⎫ tG ÷z W{ $# ω Î) $ tΒ ô‰ s%

y# n= y™ 3 χ Î) ©! $# tβ% x. # Y‘θ à xî $ VϑŠ Ïm §‘ ∩⊄⊂∪ ]אW٢٢ J٢٣[ אא،אאאא،،א،א

אאאאאאאK

ß¹]ŠËjÖ]»íéÆøfÖ]xÚø¹]JJ ١٩٨

אאאאאW

אאאא،אאאאאFאאאאאEאא

Fאאא،אא،אאאEאאא،Fאא

،EאאF،אאKE

אWאא،אאא،אאF،אאא،،

אאא،WEWχ Î) Ÿ≅ sV tΒ 4© |¤Š Ïã y‰Ζ Ïã «! $# È≅ sV yϑ x.

tΠ yŠ# u™ ( … çμ s) n= yz ⎯ ÏΒ 5># t è? ¢Ο èO tΑ$ s% … çμ s9 ⎯ ä. ãβθ ä3 u‹ sù ]אW٥٩[K אאאF،א

אאWאEWã≅ sV tΒ t⎦⎪ Ï% ©! $#

(#θ è= Ïdϑ ãm sπ1 u‘ öθ −G9 $# §Ν èO öΝ s9 $ yδθ è= Ïϑ øt s† È≅ sV yϑ x. Í‘$ yϑ Ås ø9 $# ã≅ Ïϑ øt s† # I‘$ x ó™ r& ]אW٥[אאא،א،אKW$ yϑ ¯Ρ Î) ã≅ sW tΒ Íο 4θ u‹ ys ø9 $#

$ u‹ ÷Ρ ‘‰9 $# >™ !$ yϑ x. çμ≈ uΖ ø9 t“Ρ r& z⎯ ÏΒ Ï™ !$ yϑ ¡¡9 $# xÝ n= tG ÷z $$ sù ⎯ Ïμ Î/ ßN$ t6 tΡ ÇÚ ö‘ F{ $# $ £ϑ ÏΒ ã≅ ä. ù' tƒ â¨$ ¨Ζ9 $# ÞΟ≈ yè ÷Ρ F{ $# uρ #© ¨L ym !# sŒ Î) ÏN x‹ s{ r&

ÞÚ ö‘ F{ $# $ yγ sù ã ÷z ã— ôM oΨ −ƒ ¨— $# uρ  ∅ sß uρ !$ yγ è= ÷δ r& öΝ åκ ¨Ξ r& šχρ ①ω≈ s% !$ pκ ö n= tæ !$ yγ9 s? r& $ tΡ â öΔ r& ¸ξ ø‹ s9 ÷ρ r& # Y‘$ pκ tΞ $ yγ≈ uΖ ù= yè yf sù # Y‰Š ÅÁ ym

β r( x. öΝ ©9 š∅ øó s? ħ øΒ F{ $$ Î/ 4 ]W٢٤[،א،،אאא،אא،אא،אא،אא،א،אא،א

،א،א،אאא،אK

אW،אאאאאאאWËx ö6 Á9 $# uρ # sŒ Î) }§ ¤ uΖ s? ]אW١٨[Kאאא

J]ĆçÖ]Ñ]‡†Ö]‚fÂàμ_JJ@@١٩٩@

،אאW¨β Î) t⎦⎪ Ï% ©! $# tβθ è= à2 ù' tƒ tΑ≡ uθ øΒ r& 4’ yϑ≈ tG uŠ ø9 $# $ ¸ϑ ù= àß $ yϑ ¯Ρ Î) tβθ è= à2 ù' tƒ

’ Îû öΝ Îγ ÏΡθ äÜ ç/ # Y‘$ tΡ (]אW١٠[א،،אKW ë=≈ tG Å2 çμ≈ oΨ ø9 t“Ρ r& y7 ø‹ s9 Î) yl Ì ÷‚ çG Ï9 } $ ¨Ζ9 $# z⎯ ÏΒ ÏM≈ yϑ è= —à9 $# ’ n< Î) Í‘θ –Ψ9 $# ]אW١[

אא،אאאאאאאאא،אאאא،אא

אאאאK אאW

Wuθ èδ ü“ Ï% ©! $# tΑ t“Ρ r& y7 ø‹ n= tã |=≈ tG Å3 ø9 $# çμ ÷Ζ ÏΒ ×M≈ tƒ# u™ ìM≈ yϑ s3 øt ’Χ £⎯ èδ ‘Π é& É=≈ tG Å3 ø9 $# ]אW٧[ אW،אא،א،א

אK W tβθ ã‚ Å™≡ §9 $# uρ ’ Îû ÉΟ ù= Ïè ø9 $# tβθ ä9θ à) tƒ $ ¨Ζ tΒ# u™ ⎯ Ïμ Î/ ]אW٧[

אאאאאא،אK WŸω y7 ¯Ρ § äó tƒ Ü= = s) s? t⎦⎪ Ï% ©! $# (#ρ ã x x. ’ Îû ω≈ n= Î6 ø9 $# ]אW١٩٦[

אאאאא،אK Wšχ õ‹ yz r& uρ Ν à6Ζ ÏΒ $ ¸)≈ sV‹ ÏiΒ $ Zà‹ Î= xî ]אW٢١[

אאא،אK WøŒ Î) uρ x‹ s{ r& ª! $# t,≈ sVŠ ÏΒ t⎦⎪ Ï% ©! $# (#θ è?ρ é& |=≈ tG Å3 ø9 $# … çμ ¨Ζ ä⊥ ÍhŠ u; çF s9 Ĩ$ ¨Ζ= Ï9 Ÿω uρ … çμ tΡθ ßϑ çG õ3 s? çνρ ä‹ t7 uΖ sù u™ !# u‘ uρ

öΝ Ïδ Í‘θ ßγ àß (# ÷ρ u tI ô© $# uρ ⎯ Ïμ Î/ $ YΨ oÿ sS WξŠ Î= s% ( ]אW١٨٧[ א،אאאאא،אא

א،אאאK W‘≅ ä. <§ ø tΡ èπ s) Í← !# sŒ ÏN öθ pR ùQ $# 3 ]אW١٨٥[

א﴿א﴾א،אאאאK

ß¹]ŠËjÖ]»íéÆøfÖ]xÚø¹]JJ ٢٠٠

WŸω (#ρ ä‹ Ï‚ −G s? Zπ tΡ$ sÜ Î/ ⎯ ÏiΒ öΝ ä3 ÏΡρ ߊ ]אW١١٨[

א،אא،אK W$ yγ tF t7 /Ρ r& uρ $ ·?$ t6 tΡ $ YΖ |¡ ym]אW٣٧[

א،אאאאאאK

W÷Λ ä⎢Ζ ä. uρ 4’ n? tã $ x x© ;ο t ø ãm z⎯ ÏiΒ Í‘$ ¨Ζ9 $# ]אW١٠٣[ ،אאאK

W(#θ ßϑ ÅÁ tG ôã $# uρ È≅ ö7 pt ¿2 «! $# $ Yè‹ Ïϑ y_ ]אW١٠٣[ ،אאאאא،א،א

אK אאאאאא

אW אWאאFא،א

אאא،אאאאא،Eא،אאא،א،א

א،אW ߉ƒ Ì ãƒ β r& Ù s)Ζ tƒ ]אW٧٧[KאWÈ≅ t↔ ó™ uρ sπ tƒ ö s) ø9 $# ]W٨٢[K

אא،א،אאאא،אWŸω uρ ö≅ yè øg rB x8 y‰ tƒ »' s!θ è= øó tΒ 4’ n< Î) y7 É) ãΖ ãã Ÿω uρ $ yγ ôÜ Ý¡ ö6 s? ¨≅ ä. ÅÝ ó¡ t6 ø9 $#

y‰ ãè ø) tF sù $ YΒθ è= tΒ # ·‘θ Ý¡ øt ¤Χ ]אאW٢٩[א،אאאאאאK

אאאאא،אאאW

J]ĆçÖ]Ñ]‡†Ö]‚fÂàμ_JJ@@٢٠١@

W ∅ èδθ ä3 Å¡ øΒ r' sù ’ Îû ÏNθ ã‹ ç6 ø9 $# 4© ®L ym £⎯ ßγ8 ©ù uθ tF tƒ ßN öθ yϑ ø9 $# ]אW١٥[אא،אK

(#θ è?# u™ uρ #’ yϑ≈ tF u‹ ø9 $# öΝ æη s9≡ uθ øΒ r& ( ]אW٢[אאא،K

W(#θ ‘Ò tã ãΝ ä3 ø‹ n= tæ Ÿ≅ ÏΒ$ tΡ F{ $# z⎯ ÏΒ Åá ø‹ tó ø9 $# ]אW١١٩[،אאאאאאאא،אאK

אW،،א ،א،אW(#θ ä9$ s% uρ Ÿω (#ρ ã ÏΖ s? ’ Îû Ìh pt ø: $# 3 ö≅ è% â‘$ tΡ zΟ ¨Ζ yγ y_ ‘‰ x© r& # v ym

]אW٨١[א،א،אאאא،،אא،אאאא

אKאWö≅ t/ … ã& s# yè sù öΝ èδ ç Î7 Ÿ2 # x‹≈ yδ]אW٦٣[،אא،אאא

אא،אK אW??אא،א

،א،אאא،אFאEWöΝ ä. äτ !$ |¡ ÎΣ

Ó^ ö ym öΝ ä3 ©9 (#θ è? ù' sù öΝ ä3 rO ö ym 4’ ¯Τ r& ÷Λ ä⎢ ÷∞ Ï© ]אW٢٢٣[،אאא،،،W£⎯ èδ Ó¨$ t6 Ï9 öΝ ä3 ©9 öΝ çFΡ r& uρ Ó¨$ t6 Ï9 £⎯ ßγ ©9 ]אW

١٨٧[אW÷ρ r& ãΛ ä⎢ ó¡ yϑ≈ s9 u™ !$ |¡ ÏiΨ9 $#]אW٤٣[W¨≅ Ïm é& öΝ à6 s9 s' s# ø‹ s9

ÏΘ$ uŠ Å_Á9 $# ß] sù §9 $# 4’ n< Î) öΝ ä3 Í← !$ |¡ ÎΣ ]אW١٨٧[KאאWy7 t/$ u‹ ÏO uρ

ö Îdγ sÜ sù]אW٤[K

ß¹]ŠËjÖ]»íéÆøfÖ]xÚø¹]JJ ٢٠٢

אאW

אאא?Wא،אא،אא،א،אאא

K? אאאאאאא،

אאKKאאאWאא،אAאא@K

אא،א،אאW

א،אא،א،א،א،אאא،א،

א،אאKKK،אאאאFאKE

אא،אא،א

אאאאאאא،א،אא،א J Jאאאא

א،א،אאאא،אK

٢٠٣@

{{{êe†ÃÖ]p]Ö]t戹]‚ÃÖ]MOT{{MOUÌè†}{{Ìé‘KNLMQ

*

tƒçÛßÖ]êÚø{‰ý]Ý^{{{{¿ßÖì†{{{{‰ù]

ìð]†Î»h^jÒEE솉ù]íÛ׊¹]»^ÃÖ]†‘^ù]DD

íÚøÃ×Ö…çjÒ‚Ö]äfâæê×éuˆÖ]

אאאא،אאאא.א،

،אא אא−א−אא،אא :א

א. *א

אאא)אאאא(א א،אאא ، א،א

،אאא אא:

Gאא JK

솉ù]Ý^¿ßÖêÚø‰ý]tƒçÛßÖ]JJ ٢٠٤

אאW?אאאא? אאWאK אאWאא?אאאא? אאאWאאK אאWאאK

אאK

אא JאW אאF٣٥٠E،אאF٢٠٠٠E،

،٢٠٠٩K אאW

א،אא،אא،אאאאאאא،

،אאאא،אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאK

אאאאא،אא،א،אאאKא،א،אאאא

א،אאא،אאאאא،אאאK

אאאאא ،אאאא،אאאא،א،אאא

אK אאאאא،אאאאא

אאא،אאאK אאאאK

J높¹]ð]‚éÆJJ@@٢٠٥@

אא JאW אאא،אאא

،אאא،אאאאאKאאאא،אאאא،

א Jא JאאאKאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאא،אאא،אאאK

אאאאאאאאא،،אאאאאאאאאאאא ،אא،אאאF١E،אאאאא،אא

אאאאK אWאאאאאאא

،אאKאאאאאאאKאאאאא

אKאאא Jא Jאא،אאא،א،אאא،א

אאאאKאאאאאאאאאאF٢EK

אאא،אא،אאK

F١E،אאאאאאאאא

אFאWאאאאאאEאFEאאK

F٢EאWF٢٢E

솉ù]Ý^¿ßÖêÚø‰ý]tƒçÛßÖ]JJ ٢٠٦

אא JאאW

אאאאW ١ Jאא،א

אאא،אא،אF١EאאאאאK

٢ JאאאWאאא؛אאאאKאאא

אKאאאאאאאאא،אא،אאאאאאא،

אאאK ٣ JאאאאWאאא،א

אא،אאאאKאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאKא

אאאKאאאK ٤ JאאWאא

אאא،אאאF٢E،אאאKאאאאא

אאא،אאאאאאאא،אאאאא

אF٣EK

F١EאFאאEאF١١E،אאאאא

אK F٢EאF٢٧٩EK F٣EWF٦٤EK

J높¹]ð]‚éÆJJ@@٢٠٧@ אאאאא،אKאאאאאאאאאאF١EKאאאאאאאאאא

אאF٢E،אאאאאאF٣EK אWאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאF٤EKאאF٥EKאאF٦EKאאא

אא،א،אF٧EK ٥ Jאאאאאא،אא

אא،א،אא،אKאאאאK

JאאאאאאאאאאW?אאא

אאאא،אאאאKא،אא،

،אאאאא،אא?F٨EK

F١EWF١٣٤KE F٢EWF٢٢٨KE F٣EWF٢٤١KE F٤EWF٥٤،٦٤KE F٥EWF٢٢٧KE F٦EWF٢٤٨E F٧EWF٢٤٥KE F٨EWF٢٥١KE

솉ù]Ý^¿ßÖêÚø‰ý]tƒçÛßÖ]JJ ٢٠٨

Jא،אאא

א،אאKKKאאK

JאאאW אאאא

א،אאאW?א?F١EK JאאאאWא

אאW?אאאאא?F٢EK ٦ JאאאאאאאW אאאא،אאKאאאא ،אאא

אאאא?Wאאאאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאאא،אאאאאאאKאאאאא

אא ،אאאאאאא،?F٣EK

Jאאא?WFאEאאאא?F٤EK?Wא،א

א،א،אאאא،אא?F٥EK

F١EWF٢٦٦KE F٢EWF٢٦٣KE F٣EWF٢٨٥KE F٤EWF٧١KE F٥EWF١٠٠KE

J높¹]ð]‚éÆJJ@@٢٠٩@

٤ JאאאW JאאאאאאאאאWאאא ،א،אאאאKא،אא

אאא،אא،א،אא،אאא،א،אאאK

JאאאאאאWאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאא،אאא،אא

،אאK JאאאאF

אE،אאK Jאאא،،،

א،אאא،אאאK

Jאאאאאאאאא،אאK

–אאאאאאאWא،אאאאא،אF١EK

JאאWאאאאאא،אא،אא

א،אא،א،אאF٢EK

F١EWF٢٦،٢٨٠KE F٢EאאWWF٤٢KE

솉ù]Ý^¿ßÖêÚø‰ý]tƒçÛßÖ]JJ ٢١٠

JאאאאW

אאא،אK אאא،אא

K JאאאאWאאא

א،אאאאאF١EK

אאא JאאW אאאאאאא،

אאא ،אאאאF٢EKאא،א،אK

אא?אא?אאאאאאא،א

Wאא،אאאאאאאKאאאאא??

אאאF٣EKאאאא?אא?F٤EK

אאאאאאא ،אאאאאא ،אא

א،אאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאK

אא?אאאא?אK

F١EWF٣٤KE F٢EאWF٢٣KE F٣EWF١٤٧KE F٤EאאF٢٠٠١EK

J높¹]ð]‚éÆJJ@@٢١١@ JאאאאאW

١ JאאW אא

אאאאא،אאאאאאאאא

،אאאאאF١EK

אEאאאF١٩٩٩EFאאאאא?Wא?אא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אא،אאאאאאאאא

אאאאא?KKKK אאאאאאאאאא

אא ،אאאאאאאאKKK?א?F٢EK Jאאא

אאאאF٣EK ٢ Jאאאאאאא

אאאאא ،אאאא

F١EWF١٨٧EK F٢EWF١٨٣KE F٣EWF١٨٥KE

솉ù]Ý^¿ßÖêÚø‰ý]tƒçÛßÖ]JJ ٢١٢

אאאאאאF٢٠Lא

L١٩٨٩E?אא?،אאאאאאKאא א

אאאאאאאאא،אאאאKKKF١EK

٣ Jאא،،אאאאאאא،אאאאF٢EK

٤ Jאאאאאא،אא،אאאאאא

א ،אאאאאאא،אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאF٣EK

JאאאאאאאאW

١ Jאא،אאא،אאאאאא?א? ،،אאא،אאאK

٢ Jאאאאאאא،אאאאא

אאF٤EK

F١EWF٢٥١KE F٢EWF٢١٧KE F٣EWF٢١٧KE F٤EWF٦٢KE

J높¹]ð]‚éÆJJ@@٢١٣@

٣ JאאאאאאאF١٨אאאאE?W

א?F١EK ٤ Jאאאאא،،

אא،אאא،אאא،

،אא،KKKאאאאאאאאאא?WאאאאאאאאאF١٩٩٦Eא

،אא،אאא،אא،אא?F٢EK

٥ Jאאאאאאאא?Wאאאא،אא

א،אאא،אאאא،א،

،?F٣EKא،א ٦ Jאאאאאאא

אאאאF٤EK

JאאאאאאW JאאאF٥EK JאאאאאאאF٦EK

F١EWF٦٤KE F٢EWF٧٤KE F٣EWF٩٠KE F٤EWF٧٥KE F٥EWF٢٢٧KE F٦EWF٢٤٨KE

솉ù]Ý^¿ßÖêÚø‰ý]tƒçÛßÖ]JJ ٢١٤

Jאא ،אאאאא

،אאאF١EKאאאאאאאא ،אא

،אאאאאאאאF٢EK

א JאאאאאאאאW ١ Jאאאא،א

،אאא،אאא،א?F٣EK

٢ Jאאאא،אא،אאאא ،

אאאא?Wא?F٤EK ٣ Jא?Wא ،אא،

אא?F٥EK ٤ Jאאאאא

א،אאא،אא،אאא،אאאא ،

א?Wאאאאאא ،אאאאאא،אא?F٦EK

F١EWF٢٤٥KE F٢EWF٢٥١KE F٣EWF٦٣KE F٤EWF١٠٢KE F٥EWF١٦٠KE F٦EWF١٠٦KE

J높¹]ð]‚éÆJJ@@٢١٥@

٦ Jאאאאאאאאאאאאא،?Wא

אאאאא?F١EK אאא?Wאא،

אאא،אאא،אאאאא،אא،אא

א?F٢EK Jאאאאאא،אא

אאאא،אאאאאאאא،אאאW

١ JאאאאWWאאאא،א،א،אאאא

،אאאKKKאאאאאא،אאא،א

אא?KKKF٣EK ٢ Jאאאאאא

אא?Wאא،אאא،אא?F٤EK

אאאאאאאאKא

F١EWF٥٦KE F٢EWF٢٤KE F٣EWF١٠٨KE F٤EאאאאWF٨٨KE

솉ù]Ý^¿ßÖêÚø‰ý]tƒçÛßÖ]JJ ٢١٦

אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאF١EK

אא JאאW אאאאאאאאW

JאאאW אאאאאאאW

١ Jאאאאא?Wאאאאא،א

אא?F٢EK ٢ J،א،אאא

א،אא،אאאאא،

אאאK?Wאאא،אא،אא،א،א

،אא،אאאאא?F٣EK

אא?Wאאא،אא،א

אא?F٤EK

F١EWF٢٢٥KE F٢EWF٢٢٧KE F٣EWF١٨٦KE F٤EWF١٨٥KE

J높¹]ð]‚éÆJJ@@٢١٧@

א ،אאאאאאא ،אאF١EKאאאאאאאאאאאF٢EK

אאאאא،אאאאאF١٤EאF٣EK ٣ JאW

Wאאא،א،אאאאKאאאאאאאאאאאא

אF٤EK ٤ JאאאW

אאאא،אא،א?WאאאאאWא،א

א،א،אא،א،אא،אאא،אא،אא

א?KKKאא?W ،אאאא،אKKKא،אאאא?KKKF٥EK

F١EWF١٩١KE F٢EWF١٨٨KE F٣EWF١٩١KE F٤EWF١٨٣KE F٥EWF٢٤KE

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אאאאאאאאאאא؟אאאאאאא

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٤ Jא٢٠٠٠Wאאא،אא،אאK

٥ J١٩٨٩WאאFאאאEאK ٦ J٢٠٠٣W،א،K ٧ J٢٠٠٢Wאאאאא،א١אFא

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١١٢K ١١ Jא١٩٩٧W،א،אK

1-Akazawa Takeru 1979; Preliminary Notes on the Middle Paleolithic Assemblage from the

Shanidar Cave. Sumar. Volum 31. 2 -Alan Thorne Et al 1999; , A New Reconstruction of the Shanidar 5 Cranium. Paléorient.

Vol. 25 N°2.Pp. 143-146 3- Bar - Yosef 1980; Prehistory of the Levant. Anthropol. 9 4 -Bordes Francois1953; Essai de classification des Industries Mousteriennes ; Bulletin de la

Société préhistorique de France,Tome 50.Pp. 457-466.

Üè‚ÏÖ]ë†r£]†’ÃÖ]»íè…çŠÖ]ì†èˆ¢]æÑ]†ÃÖ]Ù^JJ ٢٤٦

5 -Boeda Eric et Muhesen Sultan1993; Umm el tlel (EL Koum Syrie) etude preleminaire

des industries lethique du paleolithique moyen et superieur 1991-1992. Cahiers de L euphrate. Vol 7. Paris.

6 -Copeland.L Hours.F 1983; Le Yabroudien D!EL Kowm( Syrie)et Sa Place Dans Le Paleolithique du Levant; Paleorient 9/1 . Pp. 21-37.

7- Garrod D.1957; Notes sur le Paléolithique Supérieur du Moyen Orient; Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France,Tome 54, N. 7-8 Pp. 439-446.

8- Loroi Gourhan1968; Néanderthalien IV de Shanidar,Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France. Tome 65, N. 3. Pp. 79-83.

9- Malenfant.M 1976; L'Industrie Acheuleene de Chnine (Djezireh Republique Arabe Syrienne) A.A.A.S; Tom 26

10 -Marie-Louis Inizan;1985; Des Indices Acheuleens Sur les Bords du Tigre dans le Nord de L!Iraq. Paleorient. Vol.11/1.Pp.101-102.

11 -. Nishiaki.Y 1992;PreliminaryresultsoftheprehistoricsurveyintheKhaburBasin،SyriaW1990 J91seasons.Pp97-102.

12-Nishiaki.Y 2002; Paleolithic Remains from the Khabur Basin, Syria.IN. Syrian Jezira Cultural Heritage and Interretation; Pp49-59

13 - Passemard.M.E 1927; Mission en Syrie et au Liban; Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France. 1927, tome 24, N. 1-2. Pp. 70-72.

14- Perves.M 1945; Notes Sommaires de Prehistoire Syro – Libanaise; Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France. 1945, Tome 42, N. 10-12. Pp.201-209 .

15- Perves .M1946; La Prehistoire de la Syrie et du Liban; Syria. Tom 25. Pp109-129. 16- Solecki Ralph1952; A Paleolithic site in the Zagros mountains of northern Iraq.Reporton

A Sounding at shanidar cave .Sumer; Vol 8;No2. 17 -Suzuki.H.and Kobori 1970; Report of reconnaissa survey on Paleolithic sites in Lebanon

and Syria. Tokyo 18-Wright.H.E;1951; Preliminary Report on Soundings at Barda Balka.

Sumer.Vol.7.N.2.P107-108.

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