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Dr. Eitan YudilevichExecutive Director

Supporting Technologies for the Hydrogen Economy

The BIRD Foundation:

IEA/IPHE WorkshopParis, FranceJuly 11, 2007

7/6/2007

To stimulate, promote and support joint industrial R&D of

mutual benefit to Israel and the United States

Mission

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Partnering

1977-2007

for Progress

7/6/2007

The BIRD Model

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7/6/2007

BIRD – Performance Summary

~$240M granted during 30 years

743 projects approved

~$80M repayments (royalties from sales)

More than $4B in sales, generated by BIRD sponsored projects

Billions more in sales, indirectly generated by BIRD sponsored activities

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7/6/2007

Examples of Projects

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Partnering

1977-2007

for Progress

7/6/2007

Electro-optics

Opgal Optronic Ind. Ltd. is a leading supplier of highly sensitive cooled and uncooled Thermal Imaging Systems, infrared cameras engines for industrial, R&D, defense, security and paramilitary applications.

Kollsman, Inc. is a leading manufacturer of avionics and electro-optic systems supplying to commercial and military markets as well as a medical instruments systems contractor

EVSView

Project title: Aircraft Enhanced Vision System (EVS)

EYEview

Joint development product: The EVS camera is designed to provide day/night improved orientation. It allows visual landing in reduced visibility conditions, such as fog, haze, dust, smog etc. The system provides a fused, visual and near-IR picture, and displays a video image, superimposed on the pilot's Field-Of-View.

Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain6

7/6/2007

Life Sciences

ACMI (American Cystoscope Makers, Inc.; Now: Gyrus ACMI), founded in 1908 is a leader in the development and production of the world’s finest endoscopy instrumentation for the medical industry.

CByond specialized in designing video-scopes for medical applications.

Joint development product:Flexible endoscope with integrated miniature video camera and LED as a light source.

Project title:

Fox Electronic Video Camera

Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain7

7/6/2007

Renewable Energy/Environment

Algatechnologies Ltd. is a biotechnology company based in the Arava desert, with expertise in algae growth. Its main present product: natural astaxanthin for human applications.

GreenFuel Technlogies, Inc. is a start-up company based in Massachusetts, which has patented technology to capture CO2, grow algae and produce high-energy biomass.

Project title: Emissions to BiofuelsTM

Joint development product: Deployment of 0.3 Acre pilot plant in Arizona

Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain8

7/6/2007

The Future

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Partnering

1977-2007

for Progress

7/6/200710

The Future: Sustainable Development

Renewable Energy and Efficiency

Water

Environment

Enabling Technologies: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and others

7/6/2007

Israel and Renewable Energy

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7/6/2007

Annual solar radiation rates in the Negev

2200-2400 kWh/m2/y

2100-2200 kWh/m2/y

7/6/2007Source: Dr. A. Arbib

7/6/2007

USUS--Israel Cooperation in Israel Cooperation in Alternative/Renewable EnergyAlternative/Renewable Energy

Israeli PM Ehud Olmert, in his speech before the US Congress, on May 24, 2006:

“Both our countries share a desire for energy security and prevention of global warming. Therefore, through the United States- Israel Energy Cooperation Act and other joint frameworks, in collaboration with our U.S. counterparts, Israel will increase its efforts to find advanced scientific and technological solutions designed to develop new energy sources and encourage conservation”

BIRD is uniquely posed to play a major role in this new area of

collaboration

7/6/2007

Examples of Hydrogen

Technologies (which could lead to BIRD projects)

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Partnering

1977-2007

for Progress

7/6/200716

Hydrogen Technologies (Examples)

Solar Driven Hydrogen Production Research at the Weizmann Institute

Hydrogen based, low-cost and high-efficiency electrical energy storage from Tel Aviv University

Hydrogen from Algae (possibly derived from anexisting BIRD project)

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www.birdf.com

Thank You!

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Presentations of Specific Technologies

7/6/200719J. Karni - WIS

Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production Research at the

Weizmann Institute

7/6/200720J. Karni - WIS

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The Weizmann Institute Solar Center

• Only such facility on academic campus; 3,600 m2 reflective area; 5 test levels

• Power level – 1 kW to 1 MW

• Ongoing Projects:High Temperature solar thermal

Thermal storage

Solar derived fuels

7/6/200721J. Karni - WIS

June-07 21

Specializes in Solar Concentration

References:Ries, H., Segal A. and Karni, J. Applied, Vol. 36, No. 13, pp. 2869-2874, 1997.Kribus, A., Zaibel, R., Carey, D., Segal, A., and Karni, J., Solar Energy 62, 121–129, 1998.

Large Scale Imaging and Non-Imaging Optics

7/6/200722J. Karni - WIS

Reforming of Methane

(a) CH4 + H2O → 3H2 + CO ∆H(298K)=206 kJ/mol

(b) CH4 + CO2 → 2H2 + 2CO ∆H(298K)=247

kJ/mol

• Syn-Gas – a high energy gaseous fuel can also be used to produce H2 or Methanol

• Reaction (b) can be reversed, recovering the input solar energy as heat when and where required

Equilibrium at p=1bar

7/6/200723J. Karni - WIS

Solar Reforming of Methane without a Catalyst

7/6/200724J. Karni - WIS

Optical System of the Test System

Heliostat

Sun

Heliostat(tracking the sun in 2 dimensions)

Secondary parabolicconcentrator

Solar receiver

Aperture

Solar towerSun

Heliostat(tracking the sun in 2 dimensions)

Secondary parabolicconcentrator

Solar receiver

Aperture

Solar tower

Venetian Blind

7/6/200725J. Karni - WIS

Particles Seeded Solar Reactors: • Reforming without a metal catalyst

• Non-Combustion Air heating to 2000K

Test data and a photo taken during experiment with a new solar receiver. Exit gas temperatures of about 2000 K are reached with both nitrogen and air. Similar values were also obtained with CO2

7/6/200726J. Karni - WIS

Dry Methane Reforming in Solar Particle Receiver Without Metal Catalyst

CO2/CH4 = 1:1

Mol fractions in the dried exhaust gas after the neutral gas (Argon) has been discounted.

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1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500

Gas exit temperature (¡C)

mol

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exh

aust

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ludi

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rgon

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HydrogenCOMethaneCarbon dioxideSteam

Over 90% yield is obtained at T > 1350°C

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Low-cost high-efficiency electrical energy storage for renewable energy

Prof. E. PeledEnStorage Corp. and

School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University

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The Hydrogen Tribromide (HTB) Energy Storage System (ESS)

• It is based on a novel, unique, high performance and low cost membrane (NP-PCM)

• This NP-PCM was developed at Tel Aviv University (TAU) in Israel and it is protected by patents.

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The Problem:• Today all electric power storage systems

are too expensive for load buffer, load leveling and for large solar and wind generators (in the multi MW range).

• The major problem is the cost of the chemicals used for the electric energy storage.

The Solution:• The EnStorage hydrogen - tribromide

Commercialization of large electric energy storage systems (ESS) based

on electrochemical cells

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Goals• The immediate goals are to develop and

characterize a 0.15 kW (0.45 kW peak) laboratory demonstrator of an advanced, low cost electric energy storage system (ESS) based on novel fuel-cell technology

• Long-term goals are to scale it up to multi MW systems, for load buffer (a fast response system), load leveling and for solar and wind energy storage.

• It will consist of an array of 50 kW regenerative fuel cell (RFC) stacks

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A Fuel Cell Stack

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EnStorage ESS system

Power Generation50kW to 1GW

Proprietary Membrane:3x higher power density

3x lower cost/kW

Energy Storage200kWh to 4GWh

lower cost chemicals3x lower cost/kWh

Hydrogen

Regenerative Fuel Cell

Bromine

Electric Power

Hydrogen

Regenerative Fuel Cell

aqueous hydrogen tribromide solution

Electric Power

Hydrogen

Regenerative Fuel Cell

Aqueous Hydrogen Bromide / Tribromide

solution

Electric Power

Hydrogen

Regenerative Fuel Cell(FC & Electrolizer)

Electric Power

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Experimental Cell Stack

Five 50 cm2 cells stack gives 50 W (150 W peak)

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Scaling Up Production (at IPRC) of NP-PCM - Continuous Coater (15m2/h)

33cm wide 2G NP-PCM(Enough for a 50kW stack)

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HTB

Source: Energy Storage Association

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Multi-MW system

• An array of several 1MW / 6MWh subsystems• Each subsystem consists of:

– Power generation: 20 stacks, 50 kW each.– Energy storage:

• 150m3 electrolyte tank • 20m3 Hydrogen tanks

– Footprint of about 100 m2.

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Summary• The EnStorage hydrogen tribromide ESS is

based on a low cost high performance membrane (NP-PCM) and on low cost energy storage chemicals.

• It is expected to be three time lower cost in comparison with other ESSs (it terms of $/kW and $/kWh).

• Thus it will be an enabling technology (when fully developed) for load buffer (fast response), load leveling and for solar and wind energy storage .

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Hydrogen from AlgaeHydrogen from Algae

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CARBON RECYCLINGCARBON RECYCLING

Algae can use low quality water and non-arable land; does not compete with resources

needed for food production

Photosynthesis - nature’s process for carbon management.

Algae is nature’s champion.

Algae is a single cell plant made up of lipids, starch and proteins. There are more than 17,000 species of algae.

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Emissions-to-Biofuels™ Technology

Patented Algal Biotechnology

Fuel Based On Algae

CO2 Emissions

Fuel production based on algae feed with captured CO2 from the emissions of fossil fuel combustion

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APS RED HAWK GEN 3 ReactorAPS RED HAWK GEN 3 ReactorAugust 2005 to November 2006August 2005 to November 2006

GEN3 – BioSolar Reactor

Algae selected and adapted to Arizona environment using

GreenFuel’s technology.

Growth rates at Red Hawk were the

highest ever recorded for flue gas

feed systems.

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GEN 3 RESULTS AT RED HAWK

• GreenFuel GEN3 Algae BioSolar Reactors and System

• 57 grams/m2-day - ash free (2X best prior record)

• Extrapolated 150 tons/acre-year CO2 absorption

• Algae biofuel characterization (dry):

9,970 btu/lb

Caloric Value

9.5%Ash

53.53%Volatile Matter

36.97%Carbon

5,000 gallons/acre-year

Ethanol

6,000 gallons/acre-year

Biodiesel

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Carbon Capture Rates

NewEngland(Zone C)

Arizona(Zone A)

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GreenFuelmitigation

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/ ac

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APS Algae Farm GEN 5

GreenFuel GEN 5 System

Projected Improved productivity per acre over GEN3 with lower cost and energy consumption per acre.

Performance testing now.

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GreenFuel Pilot at APS Redhawk

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Hydrogen From Algae

• Algae gasification to produce H2 is based on existing technologies

• Carbon rich co-product – flexible feedstock

• Impurities and contamination minimized

• Comparable in cost with steam methane reforming of CH4