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TABLEOFCONTENTS

I. Bac round ................................................................................................................................. 2

2. Summary ofactivities. .................................................................................................................... 3

3. Description ofActivities. ................................................................................................................ 4

3.1 Fieldtriols. .....

3.2 Demonstration. ...

In-country Semin@r. .................................................................................................................. 53.3

4. Conclusion and Follow-on Activities ............................................................................----------------8

,- \

ANNEX I - List of Participants

ANNEX2 -Agenda of the In-country Seminar

ANNEX 3 - Questions and answers at open forums

ANNEX 4 - Highlights of the presentation by Dr. Rikimaru

ANNEX5 - Highlights of thenRS casestmdy in India

ANNEX 6 - Highlights of the FCD-Mapperdemonstration

ANNEX 7 -Itinerary of the Mission and ListofJOFCATeam Members and11RS Associates

I

I. Background

In'O Project FD 60199 Rev. I (F) 'is currently in the process of enhancing

the capabilities of a semi-expert system that was developed under a previous InO

project' for analysis of satellite imagery data. This system (FCD Mapper Version I)was the outcome of technology development, field studies and multi-country

consultation on the use of satellite imagery data to assess the status of forest resources

and monitor change over time in forest conditions. Reliable information on these

parameters provides a basis for planning and decision-making in forest management.

FCD-Mapper Version I makes it possible through remote sensing (RS)

technology to assess forest status and change at the macro-level with a high degree of

accuracy. This facilitates decision-making on the prioritization and/or selection of

forest management and silvicultural options. However, practitioners and a panel of RS

experts have noted certain limitations in the system. For instance, experience in the

use of FCD-Mapper Version I suggested the need to reduce the negative impacts of

topographic shadow and other "noise" factors that hinder analysis and assessment.

Consequently, laboratory experiments have been practiced to increase accuracy and

provide additional information through formulation of new algorithms and procedures

that respond to physical and biological factors that influence the data obtained from

optical sensors, such as topographic shadow and seasonal leaf-fall in deciduous

forests.

\ -.

The activities described in this report are part of the on-going enhancement

process to address the above-mentioned limitations and challenges. These activities

will CUIminate in the production of an enhanced semi expert system (FCD-Mapper

version 2) that improves accuracy and provides a significantly higher degree of

precision in maps illustrating forest coverage situation and in tables that quantify the

number of hectares in each forest canopy density class (e. g. FCD of 10%, 40%, 80%,

etc. ).

1660ptjmum Utilization of RADARSAT-SAR Data in Conjunction withEnhanced FCD Model to Monitor Change in the Status of Forest Resources"

' InO Project FD 13197 Rev. I(F)"Dissemination of New us Methodology throngha Semi-expert System"

2

2. Summaryof activities

Implementation of InO Project FD 60199 Rev. I(F)is an iterative process of

work in RS laboratories to develop new algorithms and procedures for data analysis,

field application trials to test the accuracy of these new developments, adjustment

and/or improvement of the new developments based on the field trials and

consultation with RS experts from participating countries to fine tune the system in

response to country-specific needs, requirements and conditions. Thus far in project

implementation, new developments at the RS laboratory level have been tested in

evergreen tropical forests, followed by appropriate adjustment and fine-tuning of the

system. This report describes the activities carried out in moist and dry deciduous

forests of India during December 2002 following the process just summarized. The

agenda of activities was as follows:

Briefing of system operation of FCD-Mapper Version 2 for11RS engineers.

Dec. 10-11 Field trials in moist deciduous forests to test new algorithmsand procedures, and consultation with RS experts of the Indianinstitute for Remote Sensing (11RS).

Demonstration of system operations for 11RS faculty andofficers of the Indian Forest Service.

In-country Seminar with participants from 11RS, the seniormanagement and field staff of the Indian Forest Service, theInternational Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth

Observation (ITC, Netherlands), representatives of non-government organizations (NGOs), and forest researchagencies.

Field trials in dry deciduous forests.

Compilation of results from the field trials.

Consultations with 11RS management and scientists andconsolidation of data.

As part of the demonstration on Dec. 12 and the in-country seminar on Dec.

13, open forums were conducted during which participants asked questions seeking

clarification and/or to express their opinions and suggestions. The JOFCA team

responded with answers and explanations as appropriate. The list of participants at the

demonstration and the international workshop is presented in Annex I. The agenda of

the international workshop is in Annex 2. Questions and answers at the open forums

are summarized in Annex 3. Members of the 10FCA team and their 11RS colleagues

that implemented project activities are listed in Annex 7.

Dec. 9

Dec. 12

*. I

Dec. 13

Dec. 14

Dec. 15

Dec. 16

3

3. Description of Activities

3.1 Fieldtrials

The field trial(field test) procedure applied in Project FD 60199 Rev. I (F)

consists of the following steps:

(a) acquisition of satellite imagery data covering the area(s) where field testswill be conducted;

(b) preparation of FCD mapsshowing the results of analysis using the FCDMappersoftware;

(c) identification of reference points and determination of geographiccoordinates using GPS equipment to ensure accurate geo-referencing;

(d) examination of field conditions by experienced foresters to assesswhether the FCD maps accurately portray the forest status;

(6) noting of any discrepancies between FCD maps and field examinationsto identify potential items for improvement of the system;

(f) compilation offield test data; and

(g) consultations with in-country RS experts.

The procedures outlined above were followed during three (3) days of field

tests (Dec. 10'', 11'' and 14''). Forest status and conditions were noted and results

were documented covering six (6) locations. Experienced foresters estimated (i)

height of the top layer canopy density, (ii) total canopy density of the top layer, (in)

total canopy density including middle-storey vegetation and (iv) degree of slope. They

also took note of dominant and co-dominant species, and any unique features of the

site (e. g. intrusion by settlers, grazing in the forests, etc. ). Data obtained during the

field tests was compiled and consolidated for use in subsequent enhancement of the

system that will be carried out at the RS laboratory levelin Japan.

I

.

3.2 Demonstration

To familiarize 11RS faculty and potential users of the FCD-Mapper Version 2,

a step-by step demonstration of the system was presented at the 11RS conference room.

The demonstration began with a summary of basic concepts for formulation of the

FCD Mapper.

4

Thereafter, JOFCA team members' operated the FCD-Mapper Version I to

conduct analysis of LANDSAT-TM data covering areas located in Dehradun, India.

Two sets of satellite data were used: December 9, 1999 and October 14, 2002.

Demonstration enabled participants to systematically view system operations

and the maps showing results of the analysis. As the demonstration moved through

the various procedures and methods in the system, 10FCA team members described

the several indices used in the analysis: Thermal Index (Tl), Bare Soil Index (Bl),

Shadow index (SI), Scaled shadow index (SSl), Vegetation Index (Vl) and Advanced

Vegetation Index (AVI). They also explained how the system combines data from

several indices in the analysis.

After completing the demonstration of FCD-Mapper Version I, the 10FCA

team then explained the features of new improvements that will be incorporated in

FCD-Mapper Version 2 and the reasons for inclusion of the same. These new

developments include the following:

I. Automatic geo-referencing capability along with automatic conversion

of data from the standard TIFF format to the format used in FCD

Mapper;

2. A Multi-Vegetation Modelthatimproves on calculation of the VD of

Version I, clustering the target area into different groups according to its

conditions, and;

3. Improved procedures to reduce the negative impacts of topographic

shadow and other "noise" on the analysis.

As mentioned earlier, the demonstration agenda also provided time for

participants to ask questions and offer comments during in an "open forum" setting.

,.\

in-country Seminar

The in-country seminar opened with a welcome address by Dr. P. S. Roy, Dean

of the 11RS. He traced the historical background of the project, based on his

experience as a member of the multi-country group of RS experts involved in

development of the FCD Mapper. Making particular reference to India, Dr. Roy

echoed the concern of indian forestry officers over the quality of forests.

3.3

' Dr. AtsushiRikimaru, Mr. HiToyukiChiba, Mr. Minoru Nakajima, and Mr. Makoto Haneda.'1dentified asthe ^;SI^^^_^!!p (ECG), these RS experts from several Asia/Pacific countriesperiodically reviewed progress in development of the FCD Mapper, provided significantinputs in

5

Dr. Roy underscored the need for a reliable toolthat can be used to conduct

frequent, up-to-date and prompt evaluation of forest quality and changes in the forest

status. He identified the FCD Mapper capability to provide this information as a major

advantage of the system. Dr. Roy urged all participants to take full advantage of this

new tool and to participate in future enhancement of the system after they have

utilized the FCD Mapper in their work.

Mr. Susumu Miyatake, 10FCA team leader for Project FD 60199 Rev. I (F)

then presented Introductory Remarks during which he described the relationship and

interaction between 11RS and 10FCA over the last ten (10) years in development of

the FCD Mapper. Among others, he recalled 11RS cooperation with 10FCA in

conducting a training course for participants from thirteen (13) countries in 1999. Mr.

Miyatake stressed the challenges facing all concerned with sustainable forest

management and conservation, and the need for reliable information on which to base

forest management and rehabilitation decisions. Reiterating key points raised earlier

by Dr. Roy, Mr. Miyatake asked participants to seriously consider how they can best

apply FCD Mapper and whatinitiatives they mighttake to improve the system in the

years ahead.

,-

Mr. M. M. Harbola, the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests for Uttaranchal

State Forest Department followed Mr. Miyatake's message with an Inaugural Address.

Mr. Harbola remarked that the participants came from several sectors including

government forestry officers, the academe, research institutions, RS scientists, NGOs

and the media. He commented that this was a positive indication of broad-based

concern over forestry issues.

Mr. Harbola pointed out the urgent need for temporal analysis of forest

conditions to monitor change and identify threats to forest conservation. He stressed

the problems of forest depletion and degradation, accompanied by the loss of species.

In this context he urged participants to take note of the distinct advantages offered by

the FCD Mapper to conduct frequent and accurate assessment of forest status. Mr.

Harbola commented that RS technology now makes it possible to monitor forest

conditions with greater facility and at considerable cost savings when compared with

.

system development and helped ensure that the system responded to the needs of theirrespectivecountries

6

conventional systems used in the past. He concluded by extending his best wishes for

a successful and productive workshop.

Following the messages summarized above, Dr. Atsushi Rikimaru, who is

JOFCA's lead scientist in RS technology development, repeated his explanation of

FCD conceptsthat were presented during the previous day. On this occasion however,

the information was provided to a much wider audience. Additionally, ,Dr. Rikimaru

described results of a case study previously conducted in Malaysia. He described how

outputs of the study were used to develop new algorithms and procedures that are now

being incorporated in FCD-Mapper Version 2. Dr. Rikimaru also discussed a case

study conducted in Japan that demonstrated how reforestation data compiled by

forestry departments can be utilized effectiveIy in the assessment of man-made forests.

In the open forum that followed, Dr. Rikimaru and Mr. Miyatake responded to

questions and concerns offered by the participants.

A summary of questions and answers is presented in Annex 3. Highlights of

Dr. Rikimaru's presentation are in Annex 4.

I

After a lunch break, the workshop resumed at 1400 hours with presentation by

Mr. MB Chandrashekhar of results from a case study conducted by 11RS using FCD-

Mapper Version 1. ' The study covered areas within the general area of Dehradun and

was conducted in several forest types. Mr. Chandrashekhar reported that 11RS

experience validated reliability of the FCD Mapper in almost all respects. However,

he pointed out certain limitations that need to be overcome. It was noted that the

limitations he identified were precisely the topics currently being addressed in the

development of FCD-Mapper Version 2. Highlights of Mr. Chandrashekhar's

presentation are in Annex 5.

Following the India case study, 10FCA team members demonstrated use of

the FCD Mapper, beginning first with Version I and then the new developments

underway to produce Version 2. This demonstration was essentially a repetition of the

Dec. 12 demonstration for 11RS faculty. However, explanations were provided in

greater detail given the more diverse audience, some of whom were not familiar with

RS technology. Furthermore, the 10FCA team paused more frequently to point out

the details illustrated in FCD maps at each stage of the analysis, as information from

7

new indices and combinations of indices were incorporated in the process. All open

forum followed the demonstration.

During the closing ceremonies, certificates of participation were distributed

and messages were delivered by Professor Karl Harmsen, Director of the Center for

Space Science Technology and Education for Asia/Pacific (CSSTE-AP), Dr. Roy and

Mr. Miyatake.

Professor Harmsen expressed thanks to the 11RS and 10FCA for organizing

and conducting the workshop. He further commented that it was encouraging to note

the attendance of participants from several sectors. Professor Harmsen pointed out

that JOFCA-11RS collaboration was an example of the benefits that can be derived

from development of contacts and participation in international networks. Specifically,

he cited the efforts of Dr. Roy in this regard during development of the FCD-Mapper.

Professor Harmsen urged participants to make use of RS technology in the pursuit of

sustainable forest management and to consider how they may make inputs on further

development of the FCD Mapper.

On behalf of 11RS Dr. Roy thanked all guests and participants for their

attendance. He commented that development of the FCD-Mapper has been interesting

and rewarding for allindividuals and institutions involved in the process. He noted

that with the FCD-Mapper it has now become possible to expedite accurate mapping

of most land use conditions. Reiterating his earlier remarks, Dr. Roy encouraged the

participants to take full advantage of the capabilities inherentin the FCD-Mapper.

Mr. Miyatake also thanked all who participated in the workshop and made

special mention of the cooperation and assistance provided by 11RS. He said he

looked forward to opportunities for additional cooperation in the future. Mr. Miyatake

also encouraged participants to work though and with the 11RS on formulation of

proposals related to utilization of the FCD-Mapper that can be presented to ITTO or

other donors for support.

I

Conclusion and Follow-on Activities

Data from the field tests discussed earlier are now being compiled and will be

used in laboratory exercises and computer software development in Japan to finalize

4.

"Forest Canopy Density Mapping- Indian Experiences" by Mr. M. B. Chandrashekar, Mr. SameerSaran, Mr. PLN Raju and Dr. P. S. Roy

8

FCD-Mapper Version 2. Concurrently, 10FCA has begun preparation for the final

project workshop tentatively scheduled to be held in Jakarta, Indonesia in March 2003.

(-

\ .

9

ANNEX I - List of participants

List of artici ants for Trainin on 12.12.2002

INTERNATIONALWORKSHOPONFORESTCANOPYDENSITY(FCD)ASSESSMENTUSn\IGSATELLITEREMOTESENSING

.FCDMAFPERSEMIEXPERTSYSTEM.

S. No.

I

Name

2

ShriD. P. Singh

3

Sh. Pannalal

4

Sin. Manoj Aggarwal

5

Mr. Yo

6

Mr. Vimod Binatia

7

8

Desi nation

ShriK. K. Das

esh Sin in

Asst. Director

Dr. P. K. 10shi

9

Mr. Vinod. S.

Scientist

10

Mr. S. K. Singh

11

Scientist

Ms. Neeta Hooda

12

DCF

Shri N. I^. Bhatia

De artmemt

DCF

I

13

\

Forest Survey of India,Dehradun

Mr. MB

Chandrashekhar

14

Scientist

15

Wildlife Institute of India,Dehradum

Scientist

Dr. IJ. Sin h

16

Forest RangeOfficer

Dr. D. N. Paint

17

Wildlife Institute of India,Dehradun

Ms. Nun

Sr. Tech. Asst.

Dr. SamamaSin

18

Silva , FEUDehradum

Mr. Ariaz M. A.

19

Resource Survey &Mama ememt(Fin)

CF

DPA

orPrasad

Mr. S. D. Sin h, IFS

11RS, Dehradun

List of artici ants for Worksho on 13.12.2002

Mr. SureshBabu

11RS, Dehradun

RF

Kerala Forest Department,Kerala

INTERNATIONALWORKSHOPONFORESTCANOPYDENSITY(FCD)ASSESSMENTUSINGSATELLITEREMOTESENSD. IG

.FCDMAPPERSEMIEXPERTSYSTEM.

h

Scientist


66

RF

ICERE, Dehradum

Scientist

S. No.

Forest Survey of India,Dehradum

Forest RangeOfficer

I

11RS Dehradun

Name

DFO

2

Sh. Jayaraj

11RS, Dehradum66

Dr. V. B. Mathur

66

66


Dehrad. un

CEMDE

Desi nation

Conservator

Of Forests

Scientist

De artment

Shiwaliks Forest, Dept. ofI. ^ttaramchal


3

4

Sh. Painmalal

5

Sh. Mainoj Aggarwal

6

Sh. Rajesh Thapa

7

Sh. Qinar Qureshi

Mr. Suresh Babu

8

I

Scientist

9

Dr. KuldeepKumar

Scientist

10

Sin. C. K. Shahi

System Manager

11

Dr. B. S. Barphal

Reader

12

Dr. Yogesh Singh

Researcher

13

Wildlife Institute of India,Dehradum

Mr. Vinod Bhatia

14


Mr. Ariaz M. A.

Conservator

Of Forests


15

Mr. Vimod S.

Div. Forest Officer

16


17

Mr. Rakesh Sham

ChiefConservator

Of Forests

Mr. R. C. Sharma

Centrefor Environmental

Management of DegradedECos stem, Univ. of Delhi

18

\

Div. Forest Officer

ShriG. P. Singh

19

Div. Forest Officer

ShriRamesh Chandra

Punjab Forest Dept. ,Chaindi arh

20

21

Forest RangeOfficer

Ka in Kurilar joshi

Punjab Forest Dept.Ialandhar

Shri S. M. 10shi

22

Forest RangeOfficer

Sinn Dharmemder

Sinarma

Forest Dept. , Carhwal,ruttaramchal

23

Cons. of Forests

Dr. S. D. Sin h

Forest Research Institute,Dehradun

24

Div. Forest Officer

Mr. S. K. Singh

Sub. Divisional

Officer

Resource Survey &Mama ement(Fin)

25

ShriN. K. Bhatia

Div. Forest Officer


26

ShriD. P. Singh

Div. Forest Officer


27

Div. Forest Officer

Mr. Vivek Saxema, IFS

Dy. Con. of Forests

Forest De t. , Nanital

28

ShriJ. B. Lall

Toms Forest De t. , Furola

29

D . Con. of Forests

Larusdown Forest Dept. ,Lainsdown

30

Sr. Tech. Asst.

Sh. Harmam Sin in

Ms. Neeta Hooda

Larusdown Forest Dept. ,Larusdown

Data ProcessingAsst.

ShriH. K. Sin h

Forest De t. , ruttarkashi

Asst. Director

Forest De t. Mussoorie

Fulljab Forest Dept. ,Chaindi arh

Dy. Con. of Forests

littaranchalForest De t.

Asst. General

Maria er

Forest Survey of India,Dehradum

President


Cons. Of Forests

Div. Forest Officer


Working Plan Division,Ambala Cit

AFC, Dehradun

Science, Dehrad. urnICERE, DehradunTehriDam ruttarkashi

31

32

33

Sh. S. Ashutosh

34

Sh. lBhiiwan Chandra

35

Sh. Naremder Sin h

36

Sh. S. K. Datta

37

Mr. Susumu Mi aimke

38

Dr. AtsushiRikimru

39

Mr. Minoru Naka'jina

40

Mr. MakotoHaneda

41

Mr. P. C. Du

42

Mr. Hiro ukiChiba

,

43

\

D . Director

Prof. KarlHarmsen

44

Div. Forest officer

Dr. P. S. Ro

45

D . Director

Dr. D. N. Panth

am

46

Cons. Of Forests

Dr. Samam Sin h

47

Forestr Ex erts

Dr. IJ. Sin h

48

RS Ex ert

ShriK. K. Das

Software Ex ert

Dr. lP. K. Joshi

49

Software Expert

Mr. M. B.

Chandrashekhar

50

Forest Ex ert

FSl, Dehradun

51

Forest

Ms. Nu o0r IPrasad

Kalsi

Director

Sin. P. L. N. Ra'un

Ra'a National Park

Dean

Sin. Sameer Saran

Workim Plain, Namital

List of Organisation for Workshop on 13.12.2002

Scientist

JOECA, Ia an

Ex ert

Scientist

JOECA, Ja an

S. No.

Scientist

JOECA, ja an

I

Sciemtist

10FCA, Ja

2

Scientist

\

10FCA, Ia

De artment

3

Research Scholar

10FCA, Ia

Shiwaliks Forest, De t. of ruttaranchal

CSSTE-AP, Dehradun

Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradum

4

Research Scholar

MRS, Dehradun

Center for Environmental Management Degraded Ecosystems, Urniv. ofDelhi

5

an

Inchar e, GID

11RS, Dehradun

6

am

Scientist

11RS, Dehrad. un

Pun'ab Forest De t. , Chaindi arh

7

an

11RS, Dehradum

Pun

8

11RS, Dehradun

Forest De t. , Carhwal

9

'ab Forest De t. Janandhar

11RS, Dehradun

Forest Research Institute, Dehradum

10

11RS, Dehradun

Resource Surve & Maria ement(Fin), Dehradum

11

Kerala Forest De artment, Kerala

12

11RS, Dehradum

Forest De t. , Nanital

13

11RS, Dehradum

Toms Forest De t. , Furola

14

11RS, Dehradum

Forest Surve of India, Dehradun

15

Larusdowm Forest De t. , Larusdown

16

Forest De t. , littarkashi

17

Forest De t. Mussoorie

18

Forest De

19

Workim Plan Division, Armbala Cit

20

AFC, DehradunScience, Dehradum

t. , ruttaranchal

ICFRE, Dehradum

I'

.-\

N t, .

19

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co ^ CD

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^ 33 = -.

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ANNEX 2 - Agenda of the in-country Seninar

11.1TERNATIONALWORKSHOPONFORESTCANOPYDENSITY(FCD)ASSESSMENTUSINGSATELLITEREMOTESENSING

-FCDMAPPERSEMIEXPERTSYST:BM.

Jointly organizedby

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA), Dehradun, Indiaand

Japan Overseas Forest ConsultantAssociation (JOECA), Japan

Date : 13.12.2002

I

09:00 - 10:00 hrs Registration

10:00 - 10-20 hrsWelcomeAddress and Opening RemarksDr. P. S. Roy, Dean of Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (11RS)

10:20 - 10:40 hrslntroductory RemarksMr. Susum" Miyatake, Leader of ITTO Project FD 60199 Rev. I(F)

10:40 - 11:00 hrslnauguralAddressMr. M. M. Harbola, FCCF, UttaranchalState Forest Department, Government ofUttaranchal

11:00-11:30hrs TeaBreak

11.1:30+.!3:00hrs TeenjjiicalSessibi!1:1 ;.' ; , . ,...,\<.,

Analysis of Landsat TM data to monitor change in the status offorestresources

Dr. AtsushiRikimaru, Remote Sensing Expert, ITTO Project FD 60199 Rev. I(F)

. Basic concept of Forest Canopy Density Mapping Model

. Upgraded features of the FCD Model

. Casestudies

Application of Radarsat SAR data analysis to monitor change in the statusofforest resources by Dr. AtsushiRikimaru

. analyzing Radarsat SAR data to classify the forest conditions

. CasestudyofTerengganu, Malaysia

12:30 - 13:00 hrsQuestions/Answers

Technical Pro

11:30 - 12:00 hrs

.,,,

am

,

,. ,

12:00 - 12:30 hrs

13:00 - 14:00 hrsLunch

114:00 -\!5:00 bysTeChiii6itSesSi6iin '-;; """'*:':' -.;:*I

14:00 - 14:30 hrsForest canopy density mapping- Indian experiencesMr. MB Chandrashekhar, Mr. Sameer Saran, Mr. PLN Raju & Dr. P. S. Roy

Demonstration of operating the FCD-Mapper ver. 2(beta version)Mr. Minoru Nakajima/I'll. Makoto Haneda, Computer Software

14:30 - 15:30 hrs

P. T. 0.

" I':\\ .\

I* .

Experts, ITTO Project FD 60199 Re, . I (F)

15:30- 15:55 hrs Closing Ceremonyamd Distribution of certificates

Prof. Kan Harmsen, Director, CSSTE-APDr. P. S. Roy, Dean, Indian Institute of Remote SensingMr. Susumu Miyatake, Forest Expert, 10FCA

15:55 - 16:10 hrs Sum up session and vote of thanks

Mr. Patrick C. Dugan, Senior Forestry Expert, JOFCA

16:10-16:30 hrs Tea

\

I

\ .

ANNEX 3 - Questions andAiiswers at open forums

Q. 1sthe FCD Mapper applicable using data from the indian satellite?

A. Yes. However, some of the data provided by LANDSAT-TM is not availablefrom the Indian satellite. Thus, the analysis will not be as thorough.

Q. You indicated that it is possible to tenthe age of forests using the FCDMapper. What criteria did you use?

A. Perhaps the presentation was not sufficiently clear on this point. The casestudy referred to in Japan was on man-made forests. Since there were accuraterecords available on the planting date, this data was used. FCD Mapper wasused to identify values related to age that can be assessed from satellitesensors. Age was already known. The analysis examined correlation of ageand results of the analysis.

Q. When operating the FCD Mapper it is difficult to setthe threshold. A slightchange in the threshold can create problems. Is there any reliable way to setthe threshold?

A. Setting the threshold is a decision that has to be made by the operator.Consequently, some knowledge of field conditions is necessary. The systemcannot provide a foolproofmethodology for setting the threshold.

Q. How can you test mapping accuracy? How accurate is mapping using the FCDMapper?

A. The most reliable way to test accuracy is through conduct offield correlationtests or trials. This is the process that has been followed in projectimplementation. Based on these tests, correlation ranges from 0.83 to 0.93. Byway of comment, it should be noted that field work is not always accurate andRS analysis at present still has some degree of error. Both approaches shouldbe used, and adjustments made accordingly as needed.

Q. How the FCD-Mapper can be used for agro-forestry systems like HaryanaState where the popular trees are grown in rows along the bunds/roads in thefield?

A. It is difficult to assess the status of ago-forestry; it is especially so for treesplanted in single row due to spatial resolution limitations of Landsat TM dataused by FCD analysis. If the FCD-Mapper is developed to support high-resolution data, it can help monitoring the forest status in such conditions.

Q. How the predictive analysis was done for changing pattern of forest in thisstudy?

A. Detection of change in the status of forests and non-forests was taken intoconsideration using regression analysis based on the trend of the forest andnon-forest status in 1996, 1999 and 2002.

There is high correlation coefficient between dielectric constant and texture invegetation. How you can differentiate vegetation types.

Microwave remote sensing is sensitive to moisture content due to its dielectricproperties; therefore, it is possible to differentiate vegetation types due todifferent moisture content.

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in linage Segment

Internation

5

o> 80

orksho

. FCDMapp

60/080%

Forest c n

40,060% 20,040%

Density Class

densl

+ To plan Afforestation and Reforestation activities

^. Identification offorest canopy gaps for enrichment planting

.^. Rehabilitation of encroached and logged over areas

+ Planning of operational silvicultural systems

^. Preparation of Working Plans (Maps at beet/ coupe level)

+ Regeneration or Gap filling

^. Wildlife habitat management

.>. Planned timber extraction

, .

a In -I dia e eiences

<20%

I .

Norrfores,

. *:

,, rS

.

Internal'o a

... .. ,...... .

r

. ... ,

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Forest ca densi ina i' -Indiane erences ,, rS

20

^. Can be used as a base line data for scientific work

.I> Detection of disease affected areas

^. Change detection in forest and nori-forest

^. Predictive analysis of change in forest canopy density

International Works o Forest can

., .. . , ... ,.,..,, . .

dens'

Advantages of FCD Mapper

, NO RS & GIS expert required to rum the model. Takes less time to generate the density maps as compared to other

conventional methods 0:7), Generate density class with very small class interval(, 0)

a in - Indianex eriences

. ~. . ... ,,.,..

Limitations

* Season and Sensorspecific* Loss of projection information (Ver. 1.5)* Limited data import/export options* Need some idea aboutthe ground condition to define threshold* Difficultto extractinformation in complete shadow area

. . . .,,. *, - ,.'-.. .. ,

11rS

riternationalWorks o

:. '..',;..' ,.. L

Forestc no densl ina in -India ex eriences ,, rS

21

* In comparison with other methodology, FCD Mapper shown good resultswith respect to class interval, time taken for analysis and mapping accuracy

* Cluster analysis of forest canopy density map derived from FCD Mapperand Conventional methods have shown similar trend with respect to percent area offorest and non-forest.

* Gregarious occurrence of bushy vegetation like Lantana poses problem indelineation of forest canopy density as their reflectance is similar to that ofthe forest

.\

^ .

S .

\.~

riternat'o alWorks

t

,.

Forest cano

... ... .

,

ensi

., t ; . ...

I express my utmostregards and sincere thanks toDr. P. S. Roy, Dean, 11RS for Providing this opportunityand his constant moral support and scientific guidance.

My special thanks are due to Shri P. L. N. Raju and ShriSameer Saran for their benevolent guidance andconstant encouragement to complete the projectsuccessfully

in - In 'an ex erience

*,

*..',. . " , I. '.. '.: "

ITTO IJOFCA Team for providing digitalLandsat 7 ETM+ data sets and FCD Mapper,., 5 to concede the present study

,, rS

ternation IWor sh

~ .. ... ., ., . .... .",

Fores ca o densi a in - IndianaX eri rices I, rS

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Table of Contents

I Aboutthisreport

2 Demonstration of operating the FCD-MAPPBR. ............................................ I

ystem ow """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" I

inporting ...................................................................... 2

2.3 AnalysisbyFCD-MAPPERVer. I ................................................................................. 3

2.4 AnalysisbyFCD-MAPPERVer. 2. ................................................................................ 5

3 Problems of FCD-MAPPER(betaversion)

..............................................................

\

................................................. 8

,

About this report

This report describes demonstration of operating the FCD. Mapper ver. 2 given at the seminar for ITTO

project FD 60/99 Rev. I (F) that was held at Indian Institute of Remote Sensing located in Dehradun,

India. This report also addresses problems necessary to be solved to complete development of the beta

version of the FCD. Mapper ver. 2.

2 Demonstration of operating the FCD-MAFFER

The contents of the demonstration of o eration the FCD-MAFFER

2.1 System flow

I. Systemflowoutlines

^

.

^^

2.

^^

^

^

System flow details of the Pass I

.

3. System flow details of the Pass 2

^^

^

.

^

^

^^

^

I

2.2 Importing

4. Conversion of the TIFF format data to FCD system format

The contents of the demonstration of o eration the FCD-MAPPER

."^

\

*

IJ;\!\*-.r. h; ,

.*\*,' .V;**:,,,. **;*a

5. Operation for geometric correction

I

TIFF format

;^!;. ., a--. tv*,*:'.,.*.. E. g. !,::egg;,~".

*&^^'"~P,

^,.

"I'm^

..

Dragging one set of data over the other set

\

^ ^,,"""a, ,~,

~

,

6. Sub. setting image

;.*.:;**' ->::*:-!.....,.., . .,*

,%.:. J::,,,.<.\,,:..,..

,'-, .,,*

.,, .J. ,L* .. ,.

,.,

$1*

-~,~,......

I

i. ..

;$;*\

:!^51^=I':^!I

FCD system format

->

"...,. .

,

B" .-~ -,--~

=;=; Is=:: S 8 ,~ by "^,.

.,.". ~~

t^t;\*

",~- .".,, mm ~

..,..". ."- ..". ..~..

^$:;;;-.*,!.';-^

^

Subset linage

$3\341**V:^'^a^

~ . ,.-. ...,

it

I

.-- ..... .

&. it$

Setting of GCP

^

*$ it**;I. * 1'<\I. ,.,', .*,*

2

2.3 Analysis by FCD-MAPPER Ver. I

I. Noisereduction

...,.." ,~. .-...

;. ,*,,*e*;:*:.

tar. -'*I*;\;;.\.'.~* ,...,".:".. j .

, . * . ..*.. *.., .

, ..:., *. V""'"J* *

.,,,,~P*-.*.~

' 4, ...t,


Masking for water-body

r,

I

~\

2.

..

*

Normalization

* *::**'::*!:*!

;:'$;*$-'j*;!*\AM

, ,.,,, .,*.,.-.,", \

-..,,-,-. .

-~,

*

~,

,

Masking for cloud areas

,

d

3.

.

Normalized image

J

IN. *,,",,, QIN"aFL

Synthesizing the index data

,- a

. ,

*

,,;^-*-*-,;,:^

;**nam&"*39", s^.*,*^.

,

,,

I$3e:,.

%."

%. .

I

*t**.,,; at,,........ .,, .....,.".. *.,.;.,*..*J*. *,

Masking for cloud shadow areas

.f. ,

AVI

it, ,*

1<'5f:\'*;;;**;\, A. :. I, ,\*-..;,.

. . .,.... . ....". -...,,*.- ,-J",,,. , .. . ,

". .~f' \.

I'D. ,,,"', '10. ,..,.'.*.:,;.' ,

b . ., U. ' ~l"b "LSD . a

4

.*.*,

+

","""~.."~tv*;?, rin-,..'.'..,\.:r~ , .. ,.' ...*. -.

.--.. -.

. . ,

U. '25ripZ

E;, t. ' "",'. ; ",,..,. I* .I;* . "'

. ~ ,....

, .ant . ,... .... '*.~"". ,'.

' in'...: ;.

. .*123, B , .

Computing the Vlfrom AVI, NDVl, and ANVl

S. I. CG An uz rin. .r'", Z COE'V,

^^LJ

,*

NDVl

^a'

^,.

J~

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ANVl

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Bl

A\4/6^

\

$63*

*

5.


Computation of the VD

;,",.,,,,,,."*,\"."*',' " '

II'd';,;; ";.\*I. .~'~

''nt*,' ,,,':'*!;';,!\^.\***$;::. 3,1<1q, $'"*!*$*,*. *I~ $4*** air, ini, "Self; *

," *,

If

d

I R**,*' ' I^35.63, a

,

~ A*,""a @33", A, *** t

**. I:> *- a. .*$*E*. . . ........ -,... .... ,.. ~

Setting the Vegetation area

'49, *

gala:$4^32a. *aR", b**. ars*!*:*S!*$,,***,,

a.

,",

ian;;,;^:I^.,";* .. - . ,.., ,

. ;**:"** Gaga"g* ';

SI

,. t

at

I

,, 4 *,'

\$1- ;$#t-it*t*-*, fit;!;,,:1"*":'.'r*:$*\I** ; ':. *.,

, 13.61',"

,.

I, a, ," Rung, ;,^;"* IIW. *L8 a@*,\"g"'*;*an Bet*.;**, ti, *

.; ",, at"*.,

. ... J\..~.,.".*~,..,'"..'

gaga;?\,

Setting the bare soil area

, . ,.,,'.. 'I, .:., '~' '~* '.;. I, '

.".',^\, ..,.'-"' <1'.*,

i. t{;-;*!'11:9!--&,;41n';;. hath1'11*.,," *.","I :,," *...~..~,. ...,". .

:**.;;, jib"* ."*,;At-,.,*.". 'itt, ,',!, .I*";, "*SLt, *,,*.!,I~ Waaaa. ,,. I a~""* ^;;$!

'. 3"In:*:aji;^!;

6. Development of the SSl

Tl

.

EU

VD

,

Setting O% level of VD

*

'I. ,*:';. ~., .-'-;., '.,. .' In .:; ,I' "*"".,;';;,,!,%"',! ;, ;, 4 I"'....;. I. ^*.; \!,,,;!.

;:;*{'it;*,.," 21.41;*It's$;;^$Fi'-:;:

. ,,,,:!*;,.,"' ", 31 .,,, .... **,,, ,. it:, ,t~ *,.-a "

. 'in*t\ ..\:!*:,; I'iai' *.., a ;;:. If, ,":.*a. ,; E, '~' *t, '*!;!

11^^'-^^;

""",

Selecting the classes that are considered to contain forest cover

,, ah~';,,

","

^

. . ..

., ..

am ."" ..

mm". .'.'.."",.. ...~. ,".,.-.

~ ....,-.

Setting 100% level of VD

", I. *:IJ

... ,

Setting O% level of SSl

IF a. r -. _, _,.:I:!^=I~ mm - ..,. " .~..,,~.

,..... . ...

... .. ..

^IE... L!*- " ,21,

a

Setting 100% level of SSl

t -.. --

;.. ~.. - ",. .. "."..~..

4

*.. *t,

SSl

*

7. Development of FCD map


2.4 Analysis by FCD-MAPPER Ver. 2

I. Noise reduction forthe cloud area and cloud shadow area

FCD map

Original data

2. Noise reduction forthe slope shadow

I

,.

,*a*,,..~,.".

,,"

^

"

"

S

Selecting different-dated data

"

~-F^34*.*:*tf;:!;I:^Eiji^:::a

Original data

I' ! ^..

\:,

'^A%*'I::^:;;,'. a!jab*:iai;i@"a. ,* ,.,*

Noise-reduced data

Noise-reduced data

".

Setting the number of TSlfilters

A

a *^.~

,

I

. ~ ,~""+*\* .,,." ,

: .,.,,..,, . -,*. ,.- .

- !>.*4, ?,;*\:!*. I

. ...,.. ,.,.....*. .

. ~ ..,.., ,,,. ..

>.*.. ._.~.,...,..

t

42^;"

^..

" "'e. .' , ' ^!.',:- ,;" $4'- <4-. .'- *;-<,,- .,^,"z. -" ^, ^;I. .b';

I -' .' ' % .'..--,' ,

.,*./. -. I.. r. ,, ., ., g... , ,"? ... . ...:..,,

..~,. .,

..,, ,

Selecting the slope shadow area

5

,,

. ,, ".

3. Development of the multimodelVD

a\{C^;$5 a^:It, t

I*t$*: *.!a$\4\!\.^, .i~,~fiat:;*$ 1451*;?&&!$ 132^;%it*;7 Ls7i3:15;:;f:a L4S,it*%*'$L39 ,

L43

L3s ILS2 ^


3:<;@i

I':"'.':'?:: t;;t ; "'; "t, aji, t*\' I\CutCE'L , t ""'*,'*':.,,,lief, 6, *C*69^jd, licee, e:, by;61u, :<, t, =, g?req!,'*:It:**I

LS2

.X

G

I I

^

.

I .*,,*..,..;:*\; 44;,;,

I--!$**;*-;:*$-;;$$1$*',{'!

I^j~ ,"......*.~.",

Grouping the vegetation area into classes

..;!>:;-.;;34%*; *

' ,",',,*,,,' firs. a, .

;by%^

Setting 100% level of multi model VD for every group

.

4.

tic^83'?^

Development of the FCD using MultimodelVD

in$;$43}t .,$;;\;,..-,-tit?*\^;fj;'%;, ...,-*-,!?\\;;,~:,

Sai

Multi model VD map

4

Multi model FCD map

,..*#

6

5. Displaying multi model FCD map and single model FCD map

*q, ' ,,*,*.^,;"by41, *!,,!*, I"*, a, **;**:***t, t*,*'*.*L';,,*a\*,^*$' of*"**^*'*****",

I'M9&:a, ;

,.. .," ...

53,831,437,gagaisa,

*&:.*4:9a

****,," , I*, T*., ,, L, $9\\^, Igv,

,

,~.. .

,,;*\*t, ,, art ;

E%b"*\36,635'aa, ,

,I'd, ' "',. b;5,563'""X, : :.

.",~., ,

"",.".--- ,

^"--- 11

The contents of the demonstration of o eration the FCD-}IAPPER

."_ ., a. . ."gill, IU"nam, ,@"21_ _ @11"

6.

Multi model FCD map compared with single model FCD map

Displaying a scatter diagram to compare multi model FCD with single model FCD

:, P. . ..,., 11. :

I ;^. it'*<;;44I;, -I - *, I

:66,186i*' '11.1;^^^\&':1*..*.,*;!;11, ,,*,,,,;, .*,*,',' F.

I-: .. ,"-I. *.,\TIt. *.. ,.!: .,\ i'~ .,.,....

-, A ,...* -,

,,.!:*:'*

;:,. I Airif:I. .;: *

***1:1';. I,i, l'*'"'*"

11

4:4- ,,,

.,,,***.,*'..

at^i\,"

t:'*

..

*

,*;*

..

.

",*,",.,*,"", "",~""***

t:;,-;1:4*\' Iff!nil;;;-I;;-!;e; $#*':tjif;tit*i!!\' tnnt\

. "",, fi'"', ... '.,\t. ,," *

UV, ", kg 5*at. ***:340

Vin$^,:,,.^sin$^;$?;;:

Qin

k

,.

- -*..

; ;it\,. -,.

,

,:-.;,.':,-! it. *:. I!.**.,;--,'.-,*Lean;16n^:!Aguee;^;;I"' t"C6rt6j. ,;,.%a' Ib'9561"; 'he ' .. i'!" ," 11',!"""" :- "" ';I".:.- h'-..,. :, .; ^?^;34^^14, -\*,;I;:'- ."";:!::

^

"I

a, :,"^@^;;r

. . .

2

., it55n'

Scatter diagram

7

3 Problems of FCD-MAPPER var. 2 (beta version)I. To display a sign to inform that automatic support for recognition of pixels with high correlation,

computation of Affine Coefficient, etc. is not working appropriateIy while selecting the GOP for

geo. correction.

2. To separate the haze. reduction processing.

3. To adjust the level of shadow area based on the forest area designated by SST while reducing the

effect of topographic shadow.

4. To display information on in/Bl/SIITl as wellas SSlfor indicating the groups of multimodel.

5. To modify file. selection procedure for exporting data similar to that for scatter diagram.

6. To set passwords access a function to revise the expert. sheet.

7. To revise the expert'sbeetto comply with the FCD. Mapper Ver. 2.


8

annex 7. Itinerary of the Mission and List of 10FCATeam Members and 11RSAssociates

Itinerary of JOECA mission for application test and in. country seminarin India

Date

Dec. 8 '02

2 Dec. 9 '02

Team Leader, Asst. Team Leade

3

Sun

Dec. 10 '02

Depart Tokyo and arrive in Delhi

4

Mon

,. -

Dec. 11 '02

\

Move to Dehradun, visit 11RS to discuss seminar programme anddemonstrate FCD Mapper ver. 2

5

Tue

Dec. 12 '02

Conduct field test to verify the FCD values. Visit Sal forest onsteep slope area to check shadow effect.

6

Wed

Dec. 13 '02

Conduct field test at Sal forest and moist deciduous forest in the

study area.

RS Expert, Software Engineers

Thu

7

Demonstrate operation system of the FCD-Mapper beta versionat 11RS.

Dec. 14 '02

Fri

8

Organize an in-country seminarjointly with the 11RS at theauditorium room.

Dec. 15 '02

Sat

9

Discuss AP test among the teaVisit Sal forest and drydeciduous forest, cordinateGPS points.

Dec. 16 '02

10

Sun

Dec. 17 '02

Prepare proceedings of the

Senior Forestry Expt.

11

seminar.

Mon

Dec. 18 '02

Compile field data and reportsat 11RS. Depart Dehradun.

12

Tue

Dec. 19 '02

Leave Delhi

13

Wed

Same as left

Depart Manila andarrive in Delhi

Dec. 20 '02

Leave for Delhi

Arrive in Manila.

Thu

Move to Dehradun

andjoin JOFCA team

Disseminate new RS

technology in DENR.

Leave for Narita

Fri

same as team leader

Arrive in Tokyo.

Arrive in Tokyo

Arrive in

Tokyo

same as team leader

same as left

same as team leader

same as team leader

same as team leader

same as team leader

same as team leader

same as team leader

List of 10FCA Team Members and 11RS Associates

Mr. SusumuMiyatake ProjectTeamLeaderMr. HiroyukiChiba AssistantProjectTeamLeaderDr. Atsushi Rikimaru Remote Sensing SpecialistMr. MinoruNakajima ComputersoftwareSpecialistMr. Makoto Haneda Computer ProgrammerMr. PatrickC. Dugan SeniorForestryExpertDr. P. S. Roy Dean, 11RSMr. P. L. N. Raju Member, Extension Core Group (ECG), 11RSMr. M. B. Chandrasekar Research Scientist, 11RS

Research Scientist, 11RSMr. Sameer Saran

,,

^, c, a ^, q-. -^ ^. ff- -.. p^ >. -.. ff. p^ e< c,...implementation of ino project fd 60199...

Documents