Slide 1

Mabo: a catalyst for social changeDeclaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Art. 12 right to protect arts and restitution of intellectual property taken in violation of traditions and customsArt. 29 recognition of intellectual propertyBerne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works moral rights re tangible media-Copyright Amendment (Moral Rights) Act 2000 attribution integrity of authorshipInternational Law Protections

Presenting evidence of traditional law and custom on country

3Gove peninsula Nabalco mine 1970Aboriginal Tent Embassy 1972Aurukun 1977-78Ranger Uranium mine 1978-80Noonkanbah 1978-80Framlingham Regional Park blockade 1979Alcoa Aluminum Smelter at Portland 1980Pitjantjatjara Land Rights campaign 1978-81Uluru land claim 1979

Pre-Mabo strugglesMilurrpum v Nabalco (1970)Peinkinna (1977)Coe v Commonwealth (1978)Onus v Alcoa (1980)Wacando (1981)Koowarta v Bjelke Petersen (1982)Gerhardy v Brown (1983)Bropho v WA (1990)Tickner v Bropho (1992)Pre-Mabo litigationAboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 1976 (Cth)Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Self Management )Act 1978 (Cth)Pitjantjatjarra Land Rights Act 1981 (SA)Maralinga Tjaruatja Land Rights Act 1984 (SA)Land Rights Act 1984 (SA)Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 (Cth)Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 (NSW)Aboriginal Land Act 1991 (Qld); Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991 (Qld)Pre-Mabo legislative historyHolding Cabinet submission 1984 Claims based on traditional entitlement, historical association, long-term occupation and use, and specific purposes such as town campsno veto on mining or explorationindependent tribunal resolve disputes

Seaman Inquiry WA 1983-4WA Aboriginal Land Billclaims only to UCL and reservesno veto on miningfour year time limit on lodging claims

Mining company oppositionQueensland oppositionNational Land Rights legislationAboriginal Legal Services 1973-4Northern Land Council 1974Central Land Council 1974Pitjantjatjara Council 1977Kimberley Land Council 1978North Queensland Land Council 1978 Native Title Representative Bodies 1993/94Land Councils & Legal Aid National Aboriginal Consultative CouncilNational Aboriginal ConferenceAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander CouncilAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice CommissionerReconciliation CouncilCongressPolitical representationRoyal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths on Custody 1987-91Stolen Generations 1997InquiriesWard 2002 bundle of rights & partial extinguishmentYarmirr 2001 offshore rights but no exclusivity offshoreYorta Yorta 2002 continuing viable normative societyHigh Court of Australia and Native Title after MaboBulun Bulun v R &T Textiles Pty Ltd (1998) 41 IPR 513Milpurrurru v Indofurn Pty Ltd (1994) 130 ALR 65911Registration: LaneClaim group genealogyAuthorisationRight to Negotiate ILUAsProof Yorta Yortalaws and customscontinuing viable societyNative Title Representative BodiesRegistered Native Title Bodies Corporate (PBCs)

Native Title Act 1993/98

Preservation evidence13Aboriginal Land Fund CommissionAboriginal Development CommissionAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander CommisionIndigenous Land CommissionIndigenous Land Use AgreementsEconomic Development

Certainty of access to resourcesEconomic and social development of native title holdersEducation and employmentCultural heritage protectionCultural AwarenessDirect benefits, trusts and tax

Native title holders negotiating with resource companies

Conclusion

Many battlesSeveral heroesIncremental change