18.1 EARLY DEMANDS FOR

EQUALITY

OBJECTIVES Describe efforts to end segregation in

the 40’s and 50’s Explain the importance of Brown v. BOE Describe the controversy over school

segregation in Little Rock, Arkansas Describe the Montgomery Bus Boycott

and its impact

SEGREGATION DIVIDES AMERICA Jim Crow Laws= de jure segregation

Segregation by law De facto segregation=by unwritten

custom or tradition

Jackie Robinson Trailer

Identify an example of de jure and de facto segregation from the trailer

BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION Thurgood Marshall: NAACP lawyer Brown v. BOE

Challenged Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court agreed with Brown (Earl

Warren) Reaction

Brown II: called for desegregation “with all deliberate speed”

Most southerners hated this!KKK revival

LITTLE ROCK NINE 1957 Little Rock, Arkansas 9 African Americans volunteered to

enroll in Central High Gov. Orval Faubus called in the National

Guard to block the school Federal Troops called in to protect

studentsStayed entire year!

Civil Rights Act 1957: established U.S. Civil Rights Commission

MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT Rosa Parks Dec. 1955

Wouldn’t give up seat on the bus for a white person

Sparked protest of bus system in Montgomery, AL

MLKCalled for protest to be nonviolentLasted more than a yearSupreme Court ruled bus segregation was

unconstitutional

SCLC MLK established Southern Christian

Leadership Conference after boycott Advocated nonviolent resistance