KNITTING TECHNOLOGY

DIVYANKA U. DHANURKAR 084051010 VAIBHAV V. GAIKWAD 084050113 DIPALI C. DHOLE 084051011

INTRODUCTION Knitting is a process of

manufacturing a fabric by the intermeshing of loops of yarns.

The two main forms of knitting technology are

Warp knitting Weft knitting

KNITTING TERMINOLOGIES COURSES: Rows of loops across the

width of the fabric produced by adjacent needles during the same knitting cycle. (measured in courses/cm).

WALES: Vertical column of needle loops. Determines the width of the fabric (measured in Wales/cm).

STITCH DENSITY: Represents the total number of needle loops in a given area.

STITCH LENGTH: is the length of yarn in knitted loop.

WEFT KNITTING

Direction- horizontal

WARP KNITTING

Direction-vertical

KNITTING NEEDLE TYPES

CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE

KNITTING CAMS

Clearing cam/Rising cam

Stitch cam Running cam/

upthrow cam Guard cams

GENERAL LOOP FORMATION OF WEFT NEEDLE

New yarn is taken

Previous loop formed goes below the latch

Needle goes to a maximum height

The hook pulls the new yarn & loop is formed

WARP KNITTING MACHINE

LOOP FORMATION OF WARP KNITTING MACHINE

Start of new course Start of overlap Guide bar swinging

motion Return swing after

overlap Old loop closing

latch Knock over &

underlap movements

WARP KNITTED STRUCTURESFULL TRICOT LOCKNIT

THREE NEEDLE SHARKSKIN THREE NEEDLE QUEENSCORD

BASIC WEFT KNITTED STRUCTURES

Simplest & most widely used weft knit structure

Fabric unroved from end

Fabric tends to curl at the edges

Production rate is high

RIB KNIT STRUCTURE

It is reversible structure

It gives a balanced structure

Fabric does not curl Maximum

extensibility in widthwise direction

Rib structure can not unroved

PURL KNIT STRUCTURE

Consists of reverse & face courses

Very little commercial & apparel end use

Extensibility in length wise direction

Fabric does not curl Suitable for socks &

sportswear

INTERLOCK FABRIC

It gives a reversible appearance

Fabric is firm It does not curl at

edges Production rate is

reduced to half Structure is thicker,

stronger & less elastic

Cost of fabric is high

COMPARISON OF WEFT & WARP KNITTING

Weft knitting Warp knitting

Yarn are fed course wise direction Yarns are fed wale wise direction

Yarn supply is usually in the form of a cone or cheese

Yarn is in one long beam or small warp beams

Staple fibre & continuous filament yarns used

Filament yarns can be successfully worked

Usually latch needles are used Latch, beard or compound needles are used

Only one class of goods can be knitted

Variety of goods can be knitted

Extensibility in widthwise & lengthwise direction

It stretch in widthwise direction

FACTORS AFFECTING ON DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES

Fabric structure Fibres type Stitch length Relaxation Yarn linear density

COMPARISON BETWEEN WOVEN, KNITTING AND NON-WOVEN

WOVEN KNITTING NON-WOVENIs the process in which two sets of yarns or threads are interlaced together to form a fabric or cloth.

Fabrics are created by looped yarns.

 Is a material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment.

WOVEN KNITTING NON-WOVEN

The threads are always straight and perpendicular to each other

The yarn follows a course, or a path, forming well-proportioned loops over and under the yarn’s path.

The fibres are parallel bonded together.

Made of two sets of individual strands.

Made of one continuous thread.

No thread or yarn required as it is made directly from fibres.

Has the ability to be more versatile in its construction.

Is tougher and better able to withstand wear

WOVEN KNITTING NON-WOVEN

Have fast colors and are more durable than knitted fabrics that shrink easily.

Preferred for comfort and wrinkle resistance

Used for technical purpose.

Two types of threads run in different directions, with the warp threads running lengthwise, and the weft threads running crosswise or has a horizontal direction.

It consists of stitches, or loops of the material consecutively run together.

Fibre laps are placed over other.

Include satin, twill, plain weave.

Include jersey, Berber, mesh, toweling, felt and fleece

No weave requires.

WOVEN KNITTING NON-WOVENFabrics feel less soft than knit fabric

Fabrics are smooth, flexible and move with the body

Feel is good, soft.

Less stretch and does not shrink.

It is stretch and shrinks.

Does not stretches.

Has high strength

Has less strength

Has lack of strength.

Has less elasticity

Has more elasticity.

Has no elasticity.

Products have more flow and much thinner.

Products are more elastic and bulkier

Products are thicker, thinner and bulkier.

Involves a bigger and heavier piece of equipment the loom.

Requires smaller materials, like knitting needles.

Also involves a bigger and heavier piece of equipment the machine.

WOVEN KNITTING NON-WOVENe.g. suiting, shirting, sari, dhoti, bed sheets etc.

e.g. t-shirts, socks, bandages, sweaters, jersey and terrycloth etc.

e.g. filters, felts, blankets, interlings, disposable material, geo-textile, cement bags, coating cloth etc.

APPLICATIONS OF KNITTED FABRIC

Geotextiles Coverings Safety textile Industrial textile Medical textile Composites sportswear Nets

MARKETS FOR TECHNICAL TEXTILES

The world produces over 17 tons of knitted textiles and apparel - representing one third of the global textile market.

Moreover, output is forecast to grow by 25% over the next ten years, reaching more than 21 tons.

COST OF FABRICFabrics Cost(US$)

100% polyster grey towel cloth knit fabrics for track suits.

US $1-5 / Kilogram

Sportswear/ shoes polyester knit mesh fabric.

US $0.1-2.9 / Meter

100%polyster knitting fabric for sportswear.

US $9.5-10 / Kilogram

Flame Resistant Knitted Fabric for Safety Clothing.

US $12.5-16 / Kilogram

Knitted mattress fabric. US $1.99-3 / Meter

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