dr paula mcqueennew cons in paed allergy dr ozan hancinew cons in paed gastro 3 new cons posts to...
TRANSCRIPT
Dr Paula McQueen New Cons in Paed Allergy
Dr Ozan Hanci New Cons in Paed Gastro 3 new cons posts To be interviewed on 5/11/15 New CDC consultant BC in preparation Merger with ASPHSummer / autumn 2016
New Developments in Paediatrics at the Royal Surrey since 1st April 2014
Constipation Recurrent abdominal pain Gastro-oesophageal reflux Cow’s milk protein allergy Eczema Immunisations Urinary tract infections Nocturnal enuresis
Common paediatric conditions which seldom require hospital referral
Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders Atopic Eczema Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Autism diagnosis in children & young people Bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis) Bronchiolitis Children & young people with cancer Constipation Diabetes (types 1 & 2) in children
NICE Guidelines for Children
Diarrhoea & vomiting Drug allergy Epilepsy diagnosis & management Feverish illness Food allergy Gastro-oesophageal reflux Immunisations Looked after children Managing overweight & obesity in children
Neonatal Jaundice Preventing injuries among the under-15s Promoting physical activity for children Reducing substance misuse Social & emotional wellbeing Spasticity in children Surgical management of CSOM Urinary tract infection When to suspect child maltreatment
NICE Guidelines for Children
Common problem in children (5-30%) Usually functional, rarely due to an organic cause Can usually be managed in General Practice NICE Guidelines available (QS62) Use oral macrogols as first line treatment May need disimpaction followed by maintenance
Rx Treat for 3 months before specialist referral Watch out for Red Flag signs needing referral
Chronic Constipation
Which children require referral for specialist advice ?
Delayed passage of meconium (> 48 hours) Symptoms starting in the first 4 weeks of life Ribbon-like stools (more likely in infants) Abdominal distension with vomiting or FTT New onset of weakness in lower limbs Disclosure suggesting Child Abuse Poor response to Rx for > than 3 months
Chronic Constipation
Unusual organic causes
Coeliac Disease Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy Hypothyroidism Hypokalaemia Hypercalcaemia Neurological problems Peri-anal Streptococcal Infection
Chronic Constipation
Investigations that can be done in General Practice
FBC & Film U&E’s TFT’s Bone profile Coeliac serology IgE and RAST to food mix Peri-anal Swab
Chronic Constipation
Common problem in children (25%) Usually functional, rarely due to an organic
cause Can usually be managed in General Practice NICE Guidelines not yet available Reassurance is the main management May need to exclude an underlying organic
cause Watch out for Red Flag signs needing referral
Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Which children require referral for specialist advice ?
Pain associated with weight loss or chronic diarrhoea
Pain associated with significant rectal bleeding Pain associated with bile-stained vomiting Abnormal investigation results Chronic symptoms lasting for > 3 months Children who are missing a lot of school
Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Investigations that can be done in General Practice
FBC & Film ESR & CRP U&E’s, LFT’s, bone profile, amylase Coeliac serology, IgE & RAST to mixed foods MSU & Stool for m/c/s, H pylori Ag & faecal
calprotectin Plain abdominal x-ray Abdominal / pelvic ultrasound scan
Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Treatment of RAP in General Practice
Reassurance +++ (if no Red Flags) Basic investigations as discussed previously Movicol if constipation suspected or proven on AXR Pizotifen 1 – 1.5 mg OD if abdominal migraine
suspected Omeprazole 10 – 20 mg OD if acid reflux suspected CAMHS referral if psychological factors suspected Paediatric referral if symptoms > 3 months
Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Common problem in infants & children Can usually be managed in General Practice Often a self-limiting condition resolving by 4
yrs Prescribing guidelines for milks widely
available May need to exclude an alternative organic
cause Watch out for Red Flag signs needing referral
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
CMP Allergy affects 2 – 8 % of all babies Gastro-intestinal symptoms occur in 60 – 80
% Can also present with skin & respiratory
symptoms Sometimes presents with pr bleeding in
infants Often resolves spontaneously by 3 – 4 years
of age Hydrolysates should be used as 1st line
treatment Amino-acid formulas should reserved for
severe cases
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
Treatment of CMPA
Many different types of ‘special milks’ Note new prescribing guidelines on the G & W web-site Start with a hydrolysate such as Aptamil Pepti 1 or 2 Only use amino-acid based formulas if above
ineffective Do not use soya / goat’s milk / sheep’s milk, etc Coconut milk or oat milk can be used > 12 months Do not use rice milk < 4 years (contains arsenic)
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
Which children need referral for specialist advice ?
Babies with ‘failure-to-thrive’ (weight loss > 2 centiles) All infants on a CMP-free diet should have dietetic input Rectal bleeding in infants unresponsive to 1st line Rx Any children not responding to Rx with hydrolysates Children with CMPA as part of multiple food allergies CMP complicating Coeliac disease in older children Children requiring a CMP challenge under supervision
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
Useful References
Guildford & Waverley Prescribing Web-Site NICE Guidelines on Food Allergy in Children
(2011) MAP Guidelines for Rx CMPA in General
Practice (2013) Venter et al - Clinical & Transitional Allergy
2013 3:23
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
Common problem in infants & children Usually functional, rarely due to an organic
cause Can usually be managed in General Practice NICE Guidelines now available (published Jan
2015) Reassurance is the main management May need to exclude an underlying organic
cause Watch out for Red Flag signs needing referral
GO Reflux in Children
Which children need referral for specialist advice ?
Projectile vomiting in the early weeks of life Bile-stained vomiting at any age Vomiting associated with significant
haematemesis Vomiting with ‘failure to thrive’ or chronic
diarrhoea Symptoms unresponsive to conventional anti-
reflux Rx Late onset or persisting beyond 12 months of
age
GO Reflux in Children
Treatment of GO Reflux in Infants
Review the feeding history and advise as appropriate Use a feed thickening agent or Infant Gaviscon 4 week trial of H2RA (ranitidine) at 2 mg / kg / tds OR 4 week trial of PPI (omeprazole) at 1-2 mg / kg / od Domperidone and erythromycin not recommended Consider using a hydrolysate in case of CMP allergy
GO Reflux in Children
Bronchiolitis – new NICE guidelines (June 2015)
Dr Mark EvansConsultant Paediatrician
Royal Surrey County Hospital
1.1 Assessment and diagnosis 1.2 When to refer 1.3 When to admit 1.4 Management of bronchiolitis 1.5 When to discharge 1.6 Key safety info for home management
Bronchiolitis – new NICE guidelines
Consider urgent referral if any of the following :-
apnoeic episodes (observed or reported) child looks seriously unwell to HC professional severe respiratory distress (respiratory rate > 60) child is centrally cyanosed O2 saturations are < 92 % breathing room air inadequate feeding or clinical dehydration secondary risk factors (prematurity, CLD, CHD)
Bronchiolitis – new NICE guidelines When to refer to hospital
Tell parents & others not to smoke in the family home
Ask parents to seek urgent help if any ‘red flag’ signs
Ensure parents can recognise red flag signs:- apnoea or cyanosis (phone 999) worsening work of breathing (rate, grunting,
recession) fluid intake < 75 % of normal or no wet nappy
for 12 hrs exhaustion (poor interaction, not waking for
feeds)
Bronchiolitis – new NICE guidelines Key safety info for managing at home
Check the Tissue Transglutaminase (TTG) antibody
If TTG ab < 10 on a gluten-containing diet - watch & wait
If TTG ab > 10 but < 200 - refer for HLA typing & biopsy
If TTG ab > 200 (and HLA DQ2 or DQ8 positive) - treat
Diagnosing Coeliac Disease – ESPGHAN criteria (2012)