Chapter 23 Section 1 & Not in Textbook

Bell Ringer#1Identify the nations in the following alliances:

Triple Alliance

Triple Entente

Use Chapter 23 Section 1!Chapter 23 Section 1 & Not in TextbookThe Road to WarWorld War I1914-1918

The Great WarThe War to End All Wars

Involved powerful industrial nations and weaker unindustrialized countries

Causes of World War IM.A.N.I.A.

MilitarismAlliancesNationalismImperialismAssassination

M.A.N.I.AMilitarismAggressive building of an army

Preparing for war

Extensive planning

Conscription- forcing civilians to serve in the military

Mobilization- getting troops and supplies ready for war

M.A.N.I.AMilitarismAfter 1900Huge increase in size of European armiesRussia- 1.3 millionFrance- 900,000 Germany- 900,000250,000-500,000Great BritainItalyAustrian-Hungary

M.A.N.I.AAlliancesAgreements between two countries

Increased security

1914:

Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, & Italy

Triple Entente: Russia, France, & Great Britain

Led to world war

M.A.N.I.ANationalismActing in countrys best interest

Extreme pride in ones country

Self-DeterminationSelf-governmentAnti-imperialist

M.A.N.I.AImperialismDesire to gain more land (power!!)

European nations wanted Africa and China

Created rivalries

M.A.N.I.AAssassinationGavrilo Princip (Serbian) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife (Austro-Hungarian)

Austria-Hungary govt thought Serbian govt planned assassination

M.A.N.I.AAssassinationSerbia is located in the Balkans

20th c. CrisisBalkans (1908-1913)Alliances had tensionEuropeans wanted their own national states

TimelineJune 28, 1914: Assassination

July 28, 1914: AH declares war on Serbia

July 29, 1914: Russia mobilizes to aid Serbia

August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia (bc Russia is a Serbian ally)

August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France (bc France is a Russian ally)

Bell Ringer #2Describe trench warfare.

Use Chapter 23 Section 2!Chapter 23 Section 2The WarSummer of 1914Schlieffen Plan2 front (areas of fighting) warDivided the German army in half3 Steps:1st German army would hold Russian border 2nd German army would rush to France through Belgium to defeat ParisAfter France had fallen, the 2 German armies would work together to defeat Russia Violated Belgiums neutralityFAILED!!!!!!!!!

1914-1915: Western FrontSchlieffen Plan

Sept. 6-10, 1914- Germany was stopped in France at the First Battle of the MarneFrench loaded two thousand Parisian taxicabs with troopsSent them to the front line

1914-1915: Western FrontFirst Battle of the MarneStalemate (tie)Neither France nor Germany could advanceHad to dig for shelter

Trench Warfare- fighting from ditches protected by barbed wireStretched from English Channel to SwitzerlandHuge loss of lifeTerrible conditions

1914-1915: Eastern FrontMobile (moved)

Huge loss of life

Sept. 15, 1914-Battle of Masurian LakesGermany defeated Russia

Russia defeated A-HFreed Serbia

1914-1915: Eastern FrontItaly betrayed Triple AllianceMay 1915- Attacked A-HJoined France, G.B., Russia

Triple Entente Allied Powers

Germany and A-H defeated Russia2.5 million killed, captured, or wounded

1914-1915Italy, France, Great Britain, Russia = Allied Powers

Russia was almost out of the war

Ottoman Empire joined Germany and Austria-Hungary = Central Powers

Both sides now could concentrate on the Western Front

Western v. Eastern FrontsWestern FrontEastern Front Stalemate- Kept both sides in the same place for 4 yearsTrench warfare- fighting from ditchesWar was more mobile Russia was driven out of GermanyRussia defeated Austria- HungarySerbia became freeItaly broke alliance and attacked AHBell Ringer #3What is Total War?

Use Chapter 23 Section 2!Chapter 23 Section 2The War

Continued1916-1917Trench Warfare:

Trenches didnt allow advancement

War of Attrition- each side tried to wear down the otherHeavy attacksHuge loss of life

1916-1917War in the Air

1st airplanes Spotted enemy positionsAttacked ground targets

Machine gun would be later mounted for air combat

Germans used Zeppelins- Giant hydrogen filled airships/exploded when hit

1916-1917Both sides wanted new allies

Middle EastLawrence of Arabia-1917-18Arab princes revolted against Ottoman EmpireWon with British

Great BritainAustralia, India, New Zealand

JapanSeized German islands

1916-1917: United StatesU.S.= Neutral

British set up naval blockades Prevented Germany from getting supplies by sea

Unrestricted submarine warfareGerman subs sank military and civilian ships

1916-1917: United StatesMay 7,1915- Germans sank the British ship LusitaniaKilling 1100 civilians 100 AmericansAmerican Govt protested

January 1917-Zimmerman TelegramGermany to MexicoIntercepted by BritishEncouraged Mexico to declare war on U.S.

April 1917- US declared war on GermanySent money and suppliesTroops arrived in 1918

1918: War at Home (US)Total War- complete mobilization of resources and peopleAffected all civilians

Govts set up drafts- Increase troops

Planned EconomiesEcon Controls, Food Rations, Imports/Exports

Pres. Woodrow Wilson- everyone is apart of the effort

1918: War at Home (US)Propaganda- Ideas spread to influence public opinion (for or against)

Stirred up national hatred

Every country was faced with fleeting support

Increased propaganda and used guilt to build support

Exaggerated acts of enemies

Censorship- Newspapers, radio

1918: War at Home (US)New roles for womenChimney Sweeps, Truck Drivers, Farm Laborers, Factory Workers

Women took over mens jobsTemporary (Ended after War)

Women's Suffrage (right to vote)U.S., Germany, Austria, G.B.

Bell Ringer#4What are reparations?

Use Chapter 23 Section 4!Chapter 23 Section 4End of the War1917-1918Russia dropped out of the war due to their revolutionEnded the Eastern Front

United States joined the warPsychological boost for Allied Powers

1918March-Germany launched a major attack Headed towards ParisJuly 18-2nd Battle of the MarneFrench, Moroccan, and American troops stopped the GermansSeptember 29-Germany knew the war had been lost

End of the WarNovember 11, 1918Armistice- a truce agreement to end the fighting during war

Magic 1111th hour of the11th day of the 11th month(11am Nov. 11, 1918)

Peace SettlementBig FourUS, GB, France, ItalyWoodrow Wilson- United StatesDavid Lloyd George- Great BritainGeorges Clemenceau- FranceRussia and Germany were not invited

Peace SettlementJanuary 191927 Allied nations met in ParisPresident Wilsons PlanFourteen PointsOpen diplomacyDisarmamentSelf-determinationLeague of Nations

Peace SettlementLeague of NationsJan. 25, 1919Prevent WarReparationsMonetary payments from Germany to France and GBNeutral ZoneBetween Germany and France

Treaty of VersaillesJune 28, 1919War Guilt ClauseGermany was responsible for starting the warReparations to AlliesDemilitarizationGermany lost all weaponsLand returned to France by Germany

New Map of EuropeEastern European lines were redrawnEthnic groups were dividedMandates- nation governed by another nation on behalf of the League of NationsGB Iraq and PalestineFrance Lebanon and Syria

Bell Ringer #5