industrialization urbanization population of cities grows rapidly › why? › where did people...
TRANSCRIPT
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Urban Life in the Gilded Age
America’s Social Coming of Age Time Period
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Reshaping American Society
Industrialization Urbanization
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Urbanization
Population of cities grows rapidly› Why?› Where did people
come from? Cities expand outward
› Technological change› Before 1850: “walking
cities”› Gilded Age: public
transportation Consequences?
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Urbanization
Cities expand upward› Birth of the skyscraper› Height no longer
restricted Expansion without
master plan› City Beautiful
Movement› Zoning Laws
Environment and Public Health› Filth, pollution,
overcrowding
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Classes
Upper Class› Conspicuous consumption
Display wealth to prove you are wealthy to others Parties, mansions, philanthropy
› Followed by the press Middle Class
› Professionals had been there, now welcomed new jobs
› WASPS (White, Anglo-Saxon, Protestants)› Lived in suburbs; gender roles strict› Role of children changes
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Classes
Working Class (poor)› Dumbbell tenements in inner city› Overcrowded› Everyone works› Lack of family time› Immigrants
Catholic/Jewish Escape persecution or poverty Ethnic neighborhoods Leads to re-birth of nativism (Chinese Exclusion Act 1882)
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Gilded Age
Mark Twain novel› Satire of greed of era› Looked past national prosperity to the
poverty and corruption in society
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Urban Leisure
Electric Lights› Revolutionizes
“free time” Spectator Sports Yellow Journalism Changes in behavior
of young people
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Education
Public education expands› Why?› birth of k-12 education› Colleges & Graduate schools
Most children don’t attend› Why?
Women gain education opportunities› 40% of college students
African-Americans› Black colleges founded (Why?)› Booker T. Washington
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New Woman
Doctrine of separate spheres› More college graduates stayed single› More use of contraceptives
Work outside home Less restrictive clothing
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Cult of Masculinity
Men worried modern life made them effeminate› Loss of autonomy› Growth of sports,
exercise, reading Age of the bachelor
› Acceptable not to marry
› Restaurants, personal services, bars