令 和 2 年 度（ 前期日程）

入学者選抜学力検査問題

注　 意　 事　 項

1． 試験開始の合図があるまで， こ の冊子を 開いてはいけません。

2． 各解答紙に志望学部・ 受験番号を 必ず記入し なさ い。

なお， 解答紙には， 必要事項以外は記入し てはいけません。

3． 試験開始後， こ の冊子又は解答紙に落丁・ 乱丁及び印刷の不鮮明な箇所などがあれば， 手を

挙げて監督者に知ら せなさ い。

4． こ の冊子の白紙と 余白部分は， 適宜下書き に使用し ても かまいません。

5． 解答は， 必ず解答紙の指定さ れた場所に記入し なさ い。

6． 試験終了後， 解答紙は持ち帰っ てはいけません。

7． 試験終了後， こ の冊子は持ち帰り なさ い。

※こ の冊子の中に解答紙が挟み込んであり ます。

英　 　 　 語

試 験 時 間　 120 分

文学部， 教育学部， 法学部， 理学部， 医学部， 工学部

（ コ ミ ュ ニケーショ ン英語Ⅰ・ コ ミ ュ ニケーショ ン英語Ⅱ・

コ ミ ュ ニケーショ ン英語Ⅲ・ 英語表現Ⅰ・ 英語表現Ⅱ）

問　 題 ページ

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1

次の英文を読んで問 1～問 5 に答えなさ い。

Gram my A w ard-w inning musician and Oscar-nom inated actor W ill Sm ith has thought a

lot about talent, effort, sk ill, and achievement. “I’ve never really v iew ed myself as particular ly

talented,” he once observed. “W here I excel is in hav ing a r idiculous and sickening w ork

ethic.”

A ccom plishment, in W ill’s eyes, is very much about going the distance. A sked to explain

his ascendancy to the entertainment elite, W ill said:

T he only thing that I see that is distinctly different about me is: I ’m not afraid to

die on a treadm ill. I w ill not be outw orked, per iod. Y ou m ight have more talent

than me, you m ight be smarter than me, you m ight be sex ier than me. Y ou

m ight be all of those things. But if w e get on the treadm ill together , there’s tw o

things: . I t’s just that simple.

I n 1940, researchers at Harvard University designed a study to understand the

“character istics of healthy young men” in order to “help people live happier , m ore successful

lives.” One hundred thirty second-year students w ere asked to run on a treadm ill for up to

five m inutes. T he treadm ill w as set at such a steep ang le and turned up to such a fast speed

that the average m an held on for only four m inutes. Som e lasted for only a m inute and a half.

By design, the T readm ill T est w as exhausting ; not just physically but m entally . By

m easur ing and then adjusting for baseline physical fitness, the researchers designed the

T readm ill T est to gauge “stam ina and strength of w ill.” I n particular , Harvard researchers

knew that running hard w as not just a function of aerobic capacity and muscle strength but

also the ex tent to w hich “a subject is w illing to push himself or has a tendency to quit before

the punishment becom es too severe.”

Decades later , a psychiatr ist named George Vaillant follow ed up on the young men in the

or ig inal T readm ill T est. T hen in their sixties, these men had been contacted by researchers

every tw o years since g raduating from college, and for each there w as a corresponding file

folder at Harvard bursting w ith questionnaires, correspondence, and notes from in-depth

interview s. F or instance, researchers noted for each m an: his incom e, career advancement,

sick days, social activ ities, self-reported satisfaction w ith w ork and m arr iage, v isits to

psychiatr ists, and use of mood-alter ing drugs like tranquilizers. A ll this inform ation w ent into

estim ates of the men’s overall psycholog ical adjustment in adulthood.

I t turned out that run time in the T readm ill T est at age tw enty w as a surpr ising ly

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reliable predictor of psycholog ical adjustment throughout adulthood. George and his team

considered that staying on the treadm ill w as a function of how physically fit these m en w ere

in their youth, and that this finding merely indicated that physical health predicted later

psycholog ical w ell-being . How ever , they found that adjusting for baseline physical fitness “had

little effect on the correlation of running tim e w ith mental health.”

In other w ords, W ill Sm ith is on to som ething . W hen it com es to how w e get along in the

m arathon of life, effort counts trem endously .

I told George Vaillant that if I ’d been on the Harvard research team in 1940, I w ould have

m ade a suggestion. I w ould have allow ed the young m en to com e back the next day , if they

w anted, and try the T readm ill T est again. I suspected that som e w ould have come back to

see if they could stay on longer , w hile others w ould have been content w ith their first tim ed

effort. M aybe some w ould ask the researchers w hether they knew of any strateg ies, physical

or mental, in order to last longer . A nd maybe these fellow s w ould even be interested in a

third try , and a fourth…. T hen I w ould create a gr it score based on how many times m en

voluntar ily returned to see if they could improve.

Stay ing on the treadm ill is one thing , and I do think it’s related to staying true to our

com m itm ents even w hen w e’re not com fortable. But getting back on the treadm ill the next

day , eager to try again, is in my view even more reflective of g r it. Because w hen you don’t

com e back the next day ―w hen you permanently turn your back on a com m itment―your

effort drops to zero. A s a consequence, your sk ills stop improv ing , and at the same time, you

stop producing anything w ith w hatever sk ills you have.

T he treadm ill is, in fact, an appropr iate m etaphor . By some estimates, about 40 percent

of people w ho buy hom e exercise equipment later say they ended up using it less than they’d

expected. How hard w e push ourselves in a g iven w orkout m atters, of course, but I think the

bigger obstacle to prog ress is that sometim es w e stop w ork ing out altogether . A s any coach

or athlete w ill tell you, consistency of effort over the long run is everything .

M any of us, it seems, quit w hat w e start far too ear ly and far too often. Even more than

the effort a g r itty person puts in on a sing le day , w hat matters is that they w ake up the next

day , and the next, ready to get on that treadm ill and keep going .

I f I have the m ath approx imately r ight, then someone tw ice as talented but half as

hardw ork ing as another person m ight reach the same level of sk ill but still produce

dramatically less over time. T his is because as str ivers, people w ho w ork hard day after day,

are im proving in sk ill, they are also em ploying that sk ill ―to make pots, w r ite books, direct

m ovies, g ive concerts. I f the quality and quantity of those pots, books, movies, and concerts

are w hat count, then the str iver w ho equals the person w ho is a natural in sk ill, by w ork ing

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harder , w ill accom plish m ore in the long run.

“T he separation of talent and sk ill,” W ill Sm ith points out, “is one of the greatest

m isunderstood concepts for people w ho are trying to excel, w ho have dreams, w ho w ant to do

things. T alent, you have naturally . Sk ill is only developed by hours and hours and hours of

beating on your craft.”

I w ould add that sk ill is not the same thing as achievem ent, either . W ithout effort, your

talent is nothing m ore than your unm et potential. W ithout effort, your sk ill is nothing more

than w hat you could have done, but didn’t. W ith effort, talent becomes sk ill and, at the very

same time, effort makes sk ill productive.

注： treadm ill ト レッ ド ミ ル（ 健康維持やト レーニングのために使う ， その上を 歩いたり 走っ たり

する器具の名称）

（ 問 1）　 に入る最も 適切なも のを A ～D から 選び記号で答えなさ い。

A 　 I’ll run first and you can run afterw ard

B 　 I’m getting off first, or you’ll die

C 　 Y ou’ll keep running and I ’ll get off

D 　 Y ou’re getting off first, or I ’m going to die

（ 問 2）　 下線部⑴を日本語に直し なさ い。

（ 問 3）　 下線部⑵を日本語に直し なさ い。

（ 問 4）　 下線部⑶の内容と 目的を それぞれ 20 字以内の日本語で述べなさ い。（ ただし ， 句読点も

字数に含む。）

（ 問 5）　 下線部⑷の指す具体的な内容を 70 字程度の日本語で説明し なさ い。（ ただし ， 句読点も

字数に含む。）

著作権保護の観点から，問題文は掲載していません。

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Read the follow ing passage. A nsw er Questions 1― 9 in Eng lish according to the tex t.

Richard Green, the w orld’s top expert on Sher lock Holm es, believed that he had finally

solved the case of the m issing papers. Over the past tw o decades, he had been look ing for a

collection of letters, diary entr ies, and manuscr ipts w ritten by Sir A rthur Conan Doyle, the

creator of Sher lock Holmes. T he archive w as estimated to be w orth near ly four m illion dollars,

and w as said by som e to carry a deadly curse, like the one in the most famous Holmes story

“T he Hound of the Baskerv illes.” T he papers had disappeared after Conan Doyle died in 1930,

and w ithout them no one had been able to w rite a definitive biography ―a task that Green

w as determ ined to complete. M any scholars feared that the archive had been discarded or

destroyed.

Not long after Green launched his investigation, he discovered that one of Conan Doyle’s

five children, A dr ian, had, w ith the other heirs’ ag reement, hidden the papers in a locked room

of a mansion that he ow ned in Sw itzer land. Green then learned that A dr ian had taken some

of the papers out of the mansion w ithout his siblings’ know ledge, hoping to sell them to

collectors. I n the m idst of this schem e, he died of a heart attack ―giving r ise to the legend of

the curse. A fter A dr ian’s death, the papers apparently vanished. A nd w henever Green tr ied

to investigate further he found himself caught in a confusing w eb of heirs w ho seemed to

have deceived each other in their efforts to control the archive.

F or years, Green continued to sort through ev idence and interview relatives, until one

day the tw isted trail led to London ―and the doorstep of Jean Doyle, the youngest of the

author’s children. T all and elegant, w ith silver hair , she w as an im posing w oman in her late

sixties. “Som ething very strong and forceful seem s to be at the back of that little body ,” her

father had w ritten of Jean w hen she w as five. “ .” W hile her brother

A dr ian had been k icked out of the British Navy for bad behavior , and her elder brother Denis

w as a playboy w ho had sat out the Second W orld W ar in A merica, she had become an officer

in the Royal A ir F orce, and w as honored for her service.

She invited Green into her flat, w here a portrait of her father , w ith his famous mustache,

hung near the fireplace. Green had almost as great an interest in her father as she did, and

she began shar ing her memories, as w ell as fam ily photog raphs. She asked him to return, and

one day, Green later told fr iends, she show ed him some boxes that had been stored in a London

law yer’s office. Look ing inside them , he said he had seen part of the archive. Jean informed

him that, because of an ongoing fam ily dispute, she couldn’t yet allow him to read the papers,

but she said that she intended to donate near ly all of them to , so that

scholars could finally exam ine them . A fter she died, in 1997, Green eager ly aw aited their

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transfer ―but nothing happened.

T hen, last M arch, Green opened the London Sunday T im es and w as shocked to read that

the lost archive had “turned up” at Christie’s auction house and w as to be sold, in M ay, for

m illions of dollars by three of Conan Doyle’s distant relatives; instead of follow ing Jean’s

intention, the contents w ould be scattered among pr ivate around the

w or ld, w ho m ight keep them inaccessible to scholars. Green w as sure that a m istake had

been made, and hurr ied to Christie’s to inspect the m ater ials. Upon his return, he told fr iends

that he w as certain that many of the papers w ere the same as those he had uncovered. W hat’s

m ore, he claimed, they had been stolen ―and he had proof.

Over the next few days, he approached m embers of the Sher lock Holm es Society of

London, one of hundreds of fan clubs devoted to the detective. Green had once been the chair

of the club. He alerted other so-called Sher lock ians. Green also contacted the m ore orthodox

scholars of Conan Doyle, or Doyleans, about the sale. Unlike Green, w ho m oved betw een the

tw o cam ps, m any Doyleans distanced themselves from the Sher lock ians, w ho often treated

Holm es as if he w ere a real detective. T hey even refused to mention Conan Doyle by nam e.

Green shared w ith these scholars w hat he knew about the prev ious ow ner of the archive,

revealing w hat he considered the most im pressive piece of evidence: a copy of Jean’s w ill,

w hich stated, “I g ive to the British Library all m y late father’s or ig inal papers, personal

m anuscr ipts, diar ies, engagem ent books, and w ritings.” Determ ined to block the auction, the

g roup of am ateur detectives presented its case to M embers of Par liament. T ow ard the end of

the m onth, as the g roup’s campaign grew louder and its objections appeared in the press,

Green hinted to his sister , Pr iscilla W est, that someone w as threatening him . Later , he sent

her a m yster ious note containing three phone numbers and the message “Please keep these

numbers safe.” He also called a reporter from the London T im es, w arning that “something”

m ight happen to him . On the night of F r iday , M arch 26th, he had dinner w ith a long time

fr iend, Law rence K een, w ho later said that Green had confided in him that “an A m erican w as

trying to br ing him dow n.” A fter the tw o men left the restaurant, Green told K een that they

w ere being follow ed, and pointed to a car behind them .

T he same evening , Pr iscilla W est phoned her brother , and got his answ er ing machine.

She called repeatedly the next morning , but he still didn’t pick up. A larmed, she w ent to his

house and knocked on the door ; there w as no response. A fter several more attem pts, she

called the police, w ho came and broke open the entrance. Dow nstairs, the police found the

body of Green ly ing on his bed, surrounded by Sher lock Holm es books and posters, w ith a

cord w rapped around his neck . He had been garroted.

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6

1． W hy did Richard Green think that he could at last uncover the m issing papers?

A 　 Because he discovered that heirs of Conan Doyle had deceived each other to

control the archive.

B 　 Because he found that the m issing papers w ere included in an unpublished

collection of stor ies by Conan Doyle.

C 　 Because he learned that the papers w ere hidden in A dr ian Doyle’s m ansion in

Sw itzer land.

D 　 Because he w as unexpectedly invited to see the papers stored in London by one of

Conan Doyle’s children.

2． W hich statement is true about the passage?

A 　 I t took Green about 20 years to discover that som e documents from the archive

disappeared from A drian’s m ansion after his death.

B 　 One of Conan Doyle’s children, w ho got throw n out of the navy, stole som e of the

papers that w ere stored in his m ansion.

C 　 Some pieces of inform ation in “T he Hound of the Baskervilles” w ere necessary for

Green to complete a biography of Conan Doyle.

D 　 T he or ig inal copy of “T he Hound of the Baskerv illes” is w orth m illions of dollars.

3． W hich of the follow ing is best suited to Under line ⑴ ?

A 　 Her appearance is unexceptional

B 　 Her physical strength is undistinguished

C 　 Her spir it is liberal

D 　 Her w ill is tremendous

4． W hich of the follow ing is closest in meaning to “sat out” in Under line ⑵ ?

A 　 avoided

B 　 criticized

C 　 fought

D 　 promoted

5． F ill in Under line ⑶ by using less than four w ords from the passage.

6． F ill in Under line ⑷ by using one w ord from the passage.

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7． W ith reference to Under line ⑸ , w hat did Green have in order to show these papers had

been stolen?

8． Explain w hy some fans of Sher lock Holmes did not w ant to use Conan Doyle’s nam e. Y ou

may w rite up to 15 w ords. Do not count punctuation such as per iods and comm as as

w ords.

9． On w hat date w as Green found dead?

8

Read the follow ing short new s story and w rite your ow n ideas follow ing the introductory

parag raph on the answ er sheet. Y ou may w rite up to 80 w ords. Count the num ber of your

ow n w ords and put the num ber in the box provided. Do not count punctuation such as

per iods and comm as as w ords.

FEW T EENA GERS VOT I NG I N EL ECT I ONS

In June 2016, the first election in Japan w hen eighteen-

and nineteen-year-olds w ere elig ible to vote, only 46.8%

of qualified teens w ent to the polls. I n contrast, 70.1%

of elig ible voters in their sixties participated in the

2016 election. I n the June 2019 election, teen voter

turnout w as only 31% , dow n about 15 points from

2016. I f this trend continues, then voters w ill m ost

likely elect candidates w ho pr imar ily support policies

aimed at the elder ly , and younger people’s concerns

m ay not be addressed.

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著作権保護の観点から，問題文は掲載していません。

9

T he follow ing is an interview w ith a female new spaper editor and columnist. W rite the

m ost appropr iate w ord for each blank using the first letter prov ided. A sample answ er （ ＊） is

g iven on the answ er sheet.

Q : W hat i s your job ti tl e and w hat industr y do you w or k in? H ow many year s of

exper ience do you have in this f ield?

A : I ’m a features editor and columnist for a large daily new spaper and have been for the

p eight years.

Q : H ow has being a w oman hur t or helped you? I f you ever exper ienced discr im ination,

how have you r esponded and w hat w or k ed best?

A : I feel that it has b helped and hurt me in my profession. T he field of journalism

is mainly a “boys club” if you w ill, and sometimes it’s hard to make my voice h in

a new s meeting w here I am the only w oman. Some of the men in their 60’s tend to

over look w hat I say , or say it is too “sympathetic” and that I ’m blinded by my compassion

for others. I think it’s unfair that my o and thoughts are easily rejected because

men consider females to be the w eaker sex . I n one particular new s meeting , there w as a

story about a homeless man and w or not our paper should cover it. W hen I

chimed in that w e absolutely should, the manag ing editor remarked, “Never send a w oman

to do a man’s job,” in front of the w hole new sroom . I w as angry and felt hum iliated, but

decided to not show my feelings because it w ould reinforce w hat he w as implying about

me and my emotions as a w oman. I don’t know if I should’ve handled it differently , but I

felt the b w ay w as to not engage the comment and make the situation w orse.

Q : H ow w ould you descr ibe w hat you do? W hat does your w or k cal l f or ? A r e ther e

any com mon m isunder standings you w ant to cor r ect about w hat you do?

A : I ’d descr ibe w hat I do as digg ing around in my community for interesting human-interest

stor ies. I generate and w rite these stor ies as w ell as assign other features to the w riters in

my features’ section, as w ell as w rite tw o w eek ly columns. T here is a m isunderstanding

that it’s an easy job to slap som e w ords on paper and call it a s . W e research

our articles and columns tirelessly , come across w riter’s block , and although it’s not rocket

science, it’s not as e as som e w ould think .

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Q : On a scale of 1 to 10 how w ould you r ate your job sati sf action? W hat m ight need to

change about your job to unleash your f ul l enthusiasm ?

A : On a scale of 1 to 10, I ’d say m y job satisfaction is around an 8. I love w hat I do, but the

hours and the p could be better . So, if I w as paid like a rock star and could w ork

w hatever hours I w anted, I ’d be the most enthusiastic journalist on planet Earth.

Q : H ow did you get star ted in this l ine of w or k ? I f you could go back and do i t

di f f er entl y , w hat w ould you change?

A : I got started in journalism because I love to w rite, and have been doing it as long as I can

r and I w ouldn’t change a thing .

Q : W hat i s the sing le most impor tant thing you have lear ned outside of school about the

w or k ing w or ld?

A : T he sing le most important thing I ’ve learned about the w ork ing w orld is that you have to

develop thick sk in. No one is going to h your hand and w alk you through your

job, and you have to be self-sufficient and able to t cr iticism .

Q : W hy do you get up and go to w or k each day? Can you g ive an example of something

that r ea l l y made you pr oud?

A : I get out of bed for w ork every day because of the amazing people I get to interact w ith

on a d basis. W hen I do a features story on a person w ho w ould otherw ise go

unnoticed and they send m e a thank-you card or express gratitude, that makes m e

f like I ’ve accomplished som ething and changed the w orld a tiny bit.

Q : H ow str essf ul is your job? A r e you able to maintain a comfor table or healthy wor k -l i f e

balance? H ow ?

A : M y job can be very stressful at t , as the new spaper business is a deadline-dr iven

profession. A lthough I enjoy the pressure （ m ost journalists do）, som etimes it can be a bit

overw helm ing , but it’s part of the job.

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著作権保護の観点から，問題文は掲載していません。

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Q : H ow much vacation do you tak e? I s i t enough?

A : Vacation is a tr icky thing in journalism , and it is h to find an opportunity to take

time off. F or an editor to take any vacation tim e, you have to p your section for

the time you’ll be aw ay , and that’s sometimes more w ork than it’s w orth. I get to take

long w eekends here and there, and my bosses have no problem w ith me tak ing m y

deserved vacation time, but it’s more my decision to not be aw ay from my job for a w hole

w at a time. I feel guilty and w orry that m y section w ill fall apart if I ’m not

there, w hich is not the case, but I ’m a bit of a control freak and w ant to oversee it at all

times. M aybe one day I’ll loosen the reigns and relax .

Q : W hat education and sk i l l s do you need to get hi r ed and succeed in thi s f ield?

A : T he education and sk ills you need to get hired in the journalism field are a Bachelor’s

degree in Journalism , or Eng lish and inherent w riting sk ills. T o succeed, you need to be

able to p sentences together ―you need a talent for sm elling a good story , and

be able to br ing it to life on the page for readers. I f you can’t draw the readers in, no one

w ill be interested in r w hat you have to say and you becom e lost in the shuffle.

Q : I f you could w r i te your ow n tick et, w hat w ould you l ik e to be doing in f ive year s?

A : I f I could w rite m y ow n ticket, I ’d w r ite the great A m er ican novel, w in the Pulitzer Pr ize,

retire in the South of F rance and w rite for the rest of my l on the beaches of the

F rench Riviera.

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著作権保護の観点から，問題文は掲載していません。

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A ngela Duckw orth. G r i t: T he Power of Passion and Perseverance, 2016. Scr ibner .（ 一部変更）

David Grann. T he Devi l and Sher lock H olm es: T ales of M urder , M adness, and Obsession,

2010. Doubleday.（ 一部変更）

Orig inal text based on the follow ing articles.

Less than Half of E lig ible T eenagers Plan to Vote in Upcom ing Japanese E lection, N ippon.com ,

2019. https://w w w .nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00488/less-than-half-of-elig ible-teenagers-plan-

to-vote-in-upcom ing-japanese-election.htm l

T een Voter T urnout at 31% in Upper House E lection, Dow n 14 Points from 2016, Japan T imes

Online, 2019. https://w w w .japantimes.co.jp/new s/2019/07/24/national/politics-diplomacy/teen-

voter-turnout-31-upper-house-election-14-points-2016/# .X T vkT i2B08c

I nterv iew w ith a New spaper Editor , W eH ireW omen.com , 2019. https://w ehirew omen.com /

n/new spaper-editor（ 一部変更）

SOURCES

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