Obtain a white sheet of paper from the front of the class and complete a foldable on the following words.

When done complete the previous day’s foldable◦ Council of Trent◦ Jesuits◦ Henry VIII◦ Elizabeth I◦ Gutenberg

Chapter 17

SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation.

d. Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation; include the ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin.

People begin to change intellectual thought

1450’s: Italian Renaissance spreads to Northern Europe

Movement becomes known as Northern Renaissance OR Christian humanism

Major goal of movement was to reform Catholic Church

1. Ability of human beings to reason & improve themselves

2. People will become more religious if they read the classics & the works of Christianity◦Inward religious feeling would bring about

Church reform

3. In order to change society, people must change

Best known Christian humanist

Calls his view of religion “the philosophy of Christ”

Believes Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis rather than provide a system of beliefs people have to practice to be saved

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Spreads his philosophy of Christ

Provides education in the works of Christianity

Criticizes Church’s abuses◦Ex: corruption◦ Indulgencies

Wants to reform the Church from within◦He did not want to break away from the Church

Catholic Church full of corruption◦People want reform

1450-1520: popes fail to meet spiritual needs of the Church◦Called Renaissance popes

Popes more concerned with Italian politics & worldly interests

Church officials concerned with money ◦Use church offices to advance careers & wealth

Priests and Catholic Church begin to sell indulgences

Indulgences: release from all or part of the punishment for sin

Monk and professor at German University

Lectures on the Bible

Troubled with way church is promoting salvation

Catholic teaching stressed both faith & good works were necessary to obtain salvation

video

People not saved through good works but through their faith in God◦ Humans were powerless in the eyes of God &

that they could never do enough good works to earn salvation

If a person has faith in God, then God makes that person worthy of salvation◦ God will grant salvation because he is merciful

Salvation will not come by just doing good works

Idea known as “justification by faith alone”◦Becomes chief teaching of Protestant

Reformation

Luther arrives at his conclusions by studying the Bible

Bible becomes the only source of religious truth for many of Luther’s followers

Luther upset with selling of indulgences

Especially upset with the monk Johann Tetzel◦ Needs money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in

Rome

Tetzel exclaimed, “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”

Luther believes people harming their chances at salvation by selling indulgences

October 31, 1517

Luther sends 95 Theses to Catholic Church superiors

Criticizes Church’s abuse of selling indulgences◦ It was said Luther had nailed the theses to the

church door in Wittenberg Later said to be legend

Pope Leo X says Luther is drunk & he would amend his ways when he sobered up

Thousands of copies were printed & distributed all over Germany

1520: Luther starts to break from the Church

Luther’s 4 calls for change:

1. German princes overthrow papacy2. Attack Church’s system of sacraments3.Only keep sacraments of baptism &

communion4. Clergy can marry

Catholic Church excommunicates Luther at Edict of Worms

Edict of Worms:

Luther excommunicated

Luther’s works burned

Luther captured but escaped ◦Returns to Wittenberg at beginning of 1522◦(video)

Educated in France

Converts to Protestantism

Forced to flee to Switzerland

1536: writes Institutes of the Christian Religion a summary of Protestant thought

Faith is only way to salvation (same as Luther)

Places emphasis on powerful nature of God◦Calls it the “power, grace, and glory of

God”

Predestination: God determines in advance who will be saved & who will be damned

What are indulgences?

Who wrote 95 Theses and was excommunicated at the Edict of Worms?

Who wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion and believed in Predestination?

After going over Martin Luther’s 95 theses and the church’s selling of Indulgences rethink Mrs. McNeal’s policy.

Should this be allowed?◦ Why or why not?

Write a short explanation on your choice.

Read and study Luther’s 95 Theses Create 10-12 of your own theses that you

have dealing with RHHS.◦ These should be school appropriate and written in

Old EnglishMake sure that you dye the paper. This is due on Monday the 22nd

Dying the paper will take a few days so start TODAY