“ pavement markings can enhance safety since centerlines have been shown to cut crash frequency by...
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PAVEMENT AND CURB MARKINGS
Done by:Abdullah Eawada
Mohammed Habboub
Presented to: Dr. Esam Almasri
Why Using Pavement Markings?
“Pavement markings can enhance safety since centerlines
have been shown to cut crash frequency by 29% compared to
roads without them”Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin • No. 9
Limitation VS. Advantages
Limitations:1. Obliterated by snow 2. Not clearly visible when wet3. Not very durable under heavy traffic 4. Need refreshment every year or more
Advantages: 5. conveying information to drivers without
diverting their attention from the road.6. Inexpensive
Markings Standards:
Markings that must be visible at night shall be retroreflective In any case, all markings on Interstate highways shall be retroreflective.Markings must be clear
Markings Colors:
White
Yellow
Red:Raised pavement markings
Blue
Purple : For toll plaza
Markings Categories:LongitudinalTransverse
I) Longitudinal Lines:A. YellowB. White
A. Yellow Lines: Center Line No-Passing Zone Other
Yellow Center Line Pavement Markings Warrants
It used to delineate the separation of traffic lanes that have opposite directions of travel on a roadway
Yellow center Line could be:
A normal broken yellow line … crossing the center line markings is permitted.
A broken line is formed of segments and gaps, usually in the ratio of 1:3.
Yellow center Line could be:
One-direction no-passing zone … crossing the center line markings for passing with care is permitted for the traffic traveling adjacent to the broken line, but is prohibited for traffic traveling adjacent to the solid
Yellow center Line could be:
Two-direction no-passing zone… crossing the center line markings for passing is prohibited for traffic traveling in either directions.
Yellow center Line should be placed in:
Urban arterials and collectors that is: 20 feet or more in width and ADT of 6,000 vehicles per day or greater.
All rural arterials and collectors that is: 18 feet or more in width and ADT of 3,000 vehicles per day or greater.
All two-way streets or highways that have three or more lanes.
Other Yellow Line Type:
If reversible lanes :consist of a normal broken double yellow line to delineate the edge of a lane in which the direction of travel is reversed from time to time.
B. White Lines:
White normal broken line
Used on all roadways that are intended to operate with two or more adjacent traffic lanes in the same direction of travel
White dotted line
Used to separate a through lane that is :1. A deceleration or acceleration lane.2. A through lane that becomes a mandatory
exit or turn lane.
They have noticeably shorter segments: for example, a 2’ line and a 2’ to 6’ gap.
Dotted Deceleration
A. ParallelB. Tapered
Dotted deceleration
C. Parallel with multilane
Dotted Acceleration
A. ParallelB. Tapered
Dotted Acceleration
C. Tapered
Wide dotted white lane line
It is used:1. As a lane drop marking in advance of lane
drops at exit ramps to distinguish a lane drop from a normal exit ramp.
Lane drop as a single lane exit ramp
Lane drop as a Multi- lane exit ramp
Two-Lane drop at an exit ramp
Wide dotted white lane line
It is used:2. In advance of freeway route splits with
dedicated lanes
Rout split with dedicated lanes
Wide dotted white lane line
It is used:3. To separate a through lane that continues
beyond an interchange from an adjacent.Or An Auxiliary lane between an entrance ramp
and an exit ramp
Cloverleaf interchange
Wide dotted white lane line
It is used:4. As a lane drop marking in advance of lane
drops at intersections to distinguish a lane drop from an intersection through lane
Lane drop at intersection
Wide dotted white lane line
It is used:5. To separate a through lane that continues
beyond an intersection from an adjacent auxiliary lane between two intersections
Auxiliary lane between intersections
Through Intersections MarkingsA. WhiteB. Yellow
Wide dotted white lane line
It may be used:6. Through intersections. Where greater
restriction is required, solid lane lines or channelizing lines should be extended into or continued through intersections or major driveways.
Lane-Reduction Transition Markings
A. WhiteB. Yellow
Lane-Reduction Transition Markings
Used to guide traffic through transition areas where the number of through lanes is reduced
Approach Markings for ObstructionsA. WhiteB. Yellow
Approach Markings for Obstructions
Used to guide traffic away from fixed obstructions within a paved roadway.
A. Center of two-Lane Road
B. Center of a four road
C. Through the same direction lane
II) Transverse Markings
Stop and Yield Lines Crosswalk Markings Parking Space Markings Pavement Word, Symbol, and
Arrow Markings
Because of the low approach angle at which pavement markings are viewed, transverse lines should be proportioned to provide visibility at least equal to that of longitudinal lines.
Yield Lines
Used to indicate the point behind which vehicles are required to yield in compliance with a traffic control signal, as a YIELD sign.
Cross Walking style
Staggered stop lines and staggered yield lines provide better sight distance for turning vehicles
Cross Walking in One-Way Road
Parking Space Markings
In general, Parking space markings shall be white but Blue lines may supplement white parking space markings of each parking space designated for use only by persons with disabilities.
Disabilities Parking
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
Are used for the purpose of guiding, warning, or regulating traffic.
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
A. Regulatory:STOPYIELD(LEFT) TURN 25 MPH
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
B. Warning:STOP AHEADYIELD AHEADLane-reduction arrows
C. Guide:Route numbersCardinal directions
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings