» please take out your periodic table. - weebly
TRANSCRIPT
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» Please take out your periodic table.
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Ionic Compounds
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Before we begin… What are ions? How are they made?
(Hint: Remember what happens to VALENCE electrons.)
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(Put a line down the middle of the white board.) On one half draw a Bohr diagram for sodium. Make it stable (that is, make it into an ION.) What charge does it have?
On the other half, draw a Bohr diagram for chloride. Make it stable (that is, make it into an ION.) What charge does it have?
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Ionic Compounds• Ionic compounds form when metals (+) combine with
non-metals (-) to make a NEW ionic compound • eg., sodium + chlorine —> sodium chloride • All ionic compounds have similar physical
properties… What are they? • It’s up to you to find out!!!
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• What are examples of physical properties?
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Conductivity is a physical property. How do we test for conductivity?
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Purpose - A. To test ionic compounds to find out the common properties
Part B: (You will be given two “Mystery Chemicals” to determine if they are ionic or not!)
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• are all white crystals • are formed between metals and non-metals • conduct electricity • are malleable • dissolve in water • are all toxic • have high melting points • are fragile and can shatter • are all crystals
Ionic Compounds:
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• . • are formed between metals and non-metals • conduct electricity • . • dissolve in water • . • have high melting points • are fragile and can shatter • are all crystals
Ionic Compounds:
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• Examine the table below. Which compound is an example of an ionic compound? Explain how you know.
Description Melting Point Solubility Conductivity
A- white square crystals 186 oC Yes No
B- white powder
175 oC No No
C - yellow crystals
1176 oC Yes Yes
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What are Ionic Compounds?
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Remember…• Metals ions have a ( + ) charge = CATIONS
-2
• Non metals ions have a ( - ) charge = ANIONS
+2Mg
O
X
X
X X
XX
X
X
X
XX X
Mg
X
XX
XX
XX X
X
X
+2 -2
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Ionic Compounds
- are made by the combination of a metal (positive ion) and
a non- metal (negative ion).
eg., sodium + chlorine —> sodium chloride
magnesium + oxygen —-> magnesium oxide
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General properties of Ionic Compounds
• are usually solids and form crystals.
• known as salts
• have High melting point
• are brittle and shatter under pressure
• When dissolved in water they conduct electricity
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How do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
• Salt crystal has even patterns of the metal and non-metal in a crystal
• When dissolved, the ions separate in water
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Let’s Make Ionic Compounds!
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Metal Non-Metal Formula Name
magnesium oxygen MgO magnesium oxide
calcium chlorine CaCl2 calcium chloride
Lithium sulfur Li2S lithium sulfide
Lithium nitrogen Li3N lithium nitride
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Metal Non-Metal Formula Name
calcium oxygen
Lithium sulfur
calcium nitrogen
magnesium oxygen
Magnesium nitrogen
CaO
Li2S
Ca3N2
MgO
Mg3N2
calcium oxide
lithium sulfide
calcium nitride
magnesium oxide
magnesium nitride
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Forming Ionic Compounds• (Using pencil & paper and getting the same answer!)
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To make the formula follow three easy steps 1. Write the symbols for each element with the metal first. 2. Write the ionic charge above each symbol 3. Crisscross the numbers, drop the (+,-) signs and write the
them as subscript
Lithium + Oxygen
Li O2-1+
Li O2 1Li2O
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2
3-
Magnesium and Nitrogen
3
2+
1. Write the symbols for each element with the metal first. 2. Write the ionic charge above each symbol 3. Crisscross the numbers, drop the (+,-) signs and write the
them as subscript
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Naming Ionic Compounds
1. Name the metal first 2. Name the non metal second. Change
the ending of its name to ‘ide’.
Mg3N2 Li2O Al Cl3Magnesium Nitride Lithium Oxide Aluminum Chloride
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3
3+
1. Write the symbols for each element with the metal first.2. Write the ionic charge above each symbol 3. Crisscross the numbers, drop the (+,-) signs and write the
them as subscript
Chlorine and Aluminum
1
1-Al Cl
Al Cl AlCl3
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2
2+
1. Write the symbols for each element with the metal first.2. Write the ionic charge above each symbol 3. Crisscross the numbers, drop the (+,-) signs and write the
them as subscript
Calcium and Oxygen
2
2-Ca O
Ca O CaO
The formula reduces to lowest terms whenever possible since the subscripts have a common factor
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potassium & sulfer potassium sulfide K2S
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magnesium & oxygen magnesium oxide MgO
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calcium & nitrogen calcium nitride Ca3N2
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Classwork
» Complete page 1 of the handout & keep in your notebook.
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1. magnesium & oxygen 2. Lithium & sulfur 3. calcium & nitrogen