Revolution movement of a planet or other body around another body All planets revolve around the Sun

Earth revolves around the Sun every 365 ¼ days or 1 year

Rotation spinning of a planet or other body on its axis Earth rotates west to east Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours or 1 day

Axis imaginary line through the center of a planet or other body around which it spins Earth is tilted 23 ½ ° on its axis

Solar Noon time of day when the sun is highest in the sky

There are 24 times zones in the world Each time zone is 15° wide

U.S. has 8 time zones total

4 for the continental U.S. Pacific, Mountain, Central, & Eastern

As you go west, you lose timeAs you go east, you gain timeInternational Date Line boundary where each new day starts

Seasons are caused by Tilt of the Earth Movement around the Sun

Angle which the Sun’s rays strike Earth’s surface

Summer = tilted towards Sun; more direct rays

Winter = tilted away from Sun; more indirect rays Winter in N. Hemisphere = Summer in S. Hemisphere

Distance btw Earth & Sun change throughout the year

Seasons do not depend on distance from Sun

Perihelion closest point to Sun (happens in January) Earth is 147 million km from Sun

aphelion farthest point to Sun (happens in July) Earth is 152 million km from Sun

Solstice the beginning of summer and winter

1 Pole has 24 hours of daylight, the other Pole has 24 hours of darkness

Summer Solstice is on or about June 21; N. Pole light, S. Pole dark

Winter Solstice is on or about December 21; N. Pole dark, S. Pole light

Equinox the Sun is directly over the equator at solar noon; the beginning of spring & fall

12 hrs. of light/12 hrs. of dark Vernal (spring) equinox is around March 21

Autumnal (fall) equinox is around September 21

Moon revolves around Earth every 27 1/3 days Moon revolves @ 3,500 km/hr

Moon rotates on its axis every 27 1/3 days

Apogee moon farthest from Earth

Perigee moon closest to Earth

When Earth, Moon, Sun line up in their orbits & all 3 gravities are working together = really high tides and really low tides. This is a Spring Tide. Happens twice a month

When Moon & Sun at right angles & gravities working against each other = no high or low tides. This is a Neap Tide. Happens twice a month

Moon appears to rise in east and set in west

Moon comes into view at moonrise 50 minutes later each day

Moon appears to change shape because of the way it reflects light from the Sun

Phases depend on the position of the Sun, Moon, & Earth

Moon takes 29 ½ days to go through all phases

Waxing increasing in light New Moon no light Waxing Crescent1/4 right side lit

1st Quarter right 1/2 lit Waxing Gibbous 3/4 right side lit

Waning decreasing in light Full Moon all light Waning Gibbous 3/4 left side lit

3rd Quarter left 1/2 lit Waning Crescent left 1/4 lit

Umbra center, dark part of a shadow

Penumbra outside, lighter part of a shadow

Lunar Eclipse when the moon passes directly through Earth’s shadow Can only occur during a full moon

Total Lunar Eclipse when the moon moves entirely into Earth’s umbra; all sunlight is blocked = moon entirely dark Total lunar eclipse is rare & don’t happen regularly

Partial Lunar Eclipse only part of the moon moves into Earth’s umbra; some sunlight is blocked = part of moon dark

Solar Eclipse when the moon passes directly btw Earth & Sun

Most of Sun’s surface is blacked out & we see the corona

Total Solar Eclipse entire face of Sun blocked by moon seen in small area of world

Partial Solar Eclipse only part of the face of the Sun is blocked seen over a larger area