Similarities Both are symbolic Both are rule-guided Can be intentional or unintentional Are cultural-bound Differences NV communication is "more believable" Nonverbal can be multi-channeled Nonverbal is continuous

Supplements or replaces verbal communication

Regulates interaction Establishes relationship-level meanings (responsiveness, liking, power) Reflects & expresses cultural value Deception

Eye Communication Functions

◦ Monitor Feedback ◦ Maintain Interest and Attention ◦ Regulate the Conversation ◦ Signal the Nature of the Relationship ◦ Compensate for Physical Distance

Facial Commnication Management Techniques Intensifying Deintensifying Neutralizing Universal facial expressions

Kinesics - body position & motion Emblems: Nonverbal movements that substitute

for words and phrases. Illustrators: Nonverbal movements that

accompany or reinforce verbal messages. Affect Displays: Nonverbal movements of the

face and body used to show emotion. Regulators: Nonverbal movements that control

the flow or pace of communication. Adaptors: Nonverbal movements that you might

perform fully in private but only partially in public. Used to reduce tension or satisfy a need.

Physical characteristics Clothing Artificats

Paralanguage: not what you say but how you say it.

Tone Rate Volume Pitch Vocalizations

Spatial Messages Personal Space Space that surrounds a person in which they are

made comfortable or uncomfortable. It is a personal bubble of space that moves with you. ◦ Distances

Intimate distance: 0-18 inches Personal Distance: 18-48 inches Social Distance: 4-12 feet Public Distance: beyond 12 feet

Territoriality◦ our need to establish and maintain certain spaces as our

own. (non-verbal indicators that signal ownership) ◦ In a dorm room- items on the common desk mark

territory.

Many meanings Touch more in intermediate stages than in

initial or established relationships Facilitates self-disclosure Playfulness Power and Control Ritualistic (shake hands, etc.) Task-related

◦ interesting -- more touch, more tips

Touch Avoidance Avoidance & Communication Apprehension Low self-disclosers tend to avoid touch Gender Issues With Touch Men avoid touching other men; Women are less

likely to avoid same-sex touch Women have higher avoidance of opposite-sex

touch. As we age we avoid opposite sex touch Women initiate opposite sex touch more often

than men. Especially in married relationships. Opposite sex friends touch more than same-sex

friends.

Monochronic and Polychronic Monochronic

◦ Does one thing at a time. ◦ Time is very serious! ◦ Job tends to be more important than family even. ◦ Privacy is extremely important.

Seldom borrows or lends Works independentl

Polychronic ◦ Does several things at a time. ◦ Time is important but not sacred. ◦ Family and interpersonal relationships are more important than work. ◦ Actively involved with others.

Cultures... Monochronic

◦ United States, Germany, Scandinavia and Switzerland. Polychronic

◦ Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, Arabians.