…...to get more marks in chemistry, refer gem material. for copies contact 9080228421

To get more marks in chemistry, Refer GEM material. For copies contact 9080228421

1 of 20

khh;r; 2015/+2 Ntjpapay;/tpilf;Fwpg;Gfs; (Tentative)

tpdhj;jhs; thpirtpdhj;jhs; thpirtpdhj;jhs; thpirtpdhj;jhs; thpir A tpdhj;jhs; thpirtpdhj;jhs; thpirtpdhj;jhs; thpirtpdhj;jhs; thpir B

1. m 3 1. < mlh; HNO3

2. , ∆ H > 0, ∆ S < 0 2. MERE ATTEMPT

3. M mNahNlh /ghh;k; Nrhjid 3. , ief;Nuhk;

4. M ghh;kpf; mkpyk; 4. m P-ngd;NrhFapNdhd;

5. m ntg;gepiy caUk; 5. < fpsh;TW Mw;wy;

6. m P-ngd;NrhFapNdhd; 6. m 0.529×10-8cm

7. M ,uz;L ePh;kq;fs; 7. M ,uz;L

8. < mdpNrhy; 8. < ngd;rPd;

9. < FNshNuhgpf;hpd; 9. , tpsf;F fhp

10. < MERE ATTEMPT 10. , g+[;[pak;

11. M (mol.dm-3) 11. , vyf;l;uhd; khw;wk;

12. , 5f vyf;l;uhdpd; rPuw;w kiwg;gpdhy; 12. < mdpNrhy;

13. < mlh; HNO3 13. m ntg;gepiy caUk;

14. < N2 14. < N2

15. < ngd;rPd; 15 M Kp > Kc

16. , tpsf;F fhp 16 , js rJuk;

17. , g+[;[pak; 17 M /ghh;kpf; mkpyk;

18. , js rJuk; 18 M nry;YNyh];

19. , ief;Nuhk; 19 MERE ATTEMPT

20. M nry;YNyh]; 20. < ke;jj;jd;ikAilaJ

21. M 2 21 M 2

22. MERE ATTEMPT 22 M vj;jpyhkpd;

23. , vyf;l;uhd; khw;wk; 23. m 3

24. M vj;jpyhkPd; 24. , ∆H>0, ∆S<o

25. M CeO2 25. < C6 H5 Cl

26. m 0.529 × 10-8 cm 26 , 5f vyf;l;uhdpd; rPuw;w kiwg;gpdhy;

27 < C6 H5 Cl 27 M (mol.dm-3)

28. < ke;jj; jd;ikAilaJ 28 M mNahNlh/ghh;k; Nrhjid

29. < fpsh;TW Mw;wy; 29 < FNshNuhgpf;hpd;

30. M KP > Kc 30 M CeO2

(* Note: Utmost care is taken to prepare this answer key. If any mistake or correction, compare with Government answer key)

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tp.tp.tp.tp. vz;vz;vz;vz;

tpilfs;tpilfs;tpilfs;tpilfs; kjpg;kjpg;kjpg;kjpg; ngz;ngz;ngz;ngz;

31 ,df;fyg;ig tiuaW.,df;fyg;ig tiuaW.,df;fyg;ig tiuaW.,df;fyg;ig tiuaW. ,df;fyg;G vd;gJ Vwf;Fiwa rkkhd Mw;wy; nfhz;l mZtpd; Mh;gpl;lhy;fs; xd;Wld; xd;W fye;J rkkhd Mw;wYila. xj;j tbtKila Mh;gpl;lhy;fis jUtjhFk;. cUthd rkkhd Gjpa Mh;gpl;lhy;fs; ,df;fyg;G Mh;gpl;lhy;fs; vdg;gLk;.

3

32 Nrhjid %yk; ngwg;gl;lNrhjid %yk; ngwg;gl;lNrhjid %yk; ngwg;gl;lNrhjid %yk; ngwg;gl;l d(Si – C)d; kjpg;Gd; kjpg;Gd; kjpg;Gd; kjpg;G 1.93Å fhHgdpd; mZ Muk;fhHgdpd; mZ Muk;fhHgdpd; mZ Muk;fhHgdpd; mZ Muk; 0.770.770.770.77Å vdpy; rpypf;fdpd; mZ Muj;ij fzf;fpLf.vdpy; rpypf;fdpd; mZ Muj;ij fzf;fpLf.vdpy; rpypf;fdpd; mZ Muj;ij fzf;fpLf.vdpy; rpypf;fdpd; mZ Muj;ij fzf;fpLf.

rsi + rc = dsi−c

rsi = dsi−c - rc = 1.93 – 0.77 = 1.16 Å

1+1+1

33 `hhhhy[d; ,ilr;Nrh;kq;fs; vd;why; vd;d?y[d; ,ilr;Nrh;kq;fs; vd;why; vd;d?y[d; ,ilr;Nrh;kq;fs; vd;why; vd;d?y[d; ,ilr;Nrh;kq;fs; vd;why; vd;d? mtw;wpd; xU jahhpg;Gmtw;wpd; xU jahhpg;Gmtw;wpd; xU jahhpg;Gmtw;wpd; xU jahhpg;G Kiwia jUf.Kiwia jUf.Kiwia jUf.Kiwia jUf. xU N`y[d; kw;nwhU N`y[Dld; Nrh;j;J gy Nrh;kq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F N`y[d; ,ilr;Nrh;kq;fs; vd;W ngah;.

Cl2 + F2 (rk fd msT) 473K 2ClF→

Cl2 + 3F2 (mjpf msT) 573K3 2ClF→

IF5 + F2 (mjpf fd msT) 573K7 IF→

my;yJ Gj;jfg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xU jahhpj;jy; Kiwmy;yJ Gj;jfg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xU jahhpj;jy; Kiwmy;yJ Gj;jfg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xU jahhpj;jy; Kiwmy;yJ Gj;jfg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xU jahhpj;jy; Kiw

2+1

34 H3PO4 – Kf;fhuj;Jtk;Kf;fhuj;Jtk;Kf;fhuj;Jtk;Kf;fhuj;Jtk; mkpyk; rkd;ghLfSld; ep&gp.mkpyk; rkd;ghLfSld; ep&gp.mkpyk; rkd;ghLfSld; ep&gp.mkpyk; rkd;ghLfSld; ep&gp. gh];ghhpf; mkpyk;> NaOH Nghd;w fhuq;fSld; tpidGhpe;J %d;W tifahd cg;Gfisj; jUfpwJ.

H3PO4 + NaOH → NaH2PO4 + H2O Nrhbak; ili`l;u[d; gh];Ngl;

H3PO4 + 2NaOH → Na2HPO4 + 2H2O il Nrhbak; i`l;u[d; gh];Ngl;

H3PO4 + 3NaOH → Na3PO4 + 3H2O biu Nrhbak; gh];Ngl;

3

35 ,ilepiyj; jdpkq;fs; mizTr; Nrh;kq;fis,ilepiyj; jdpkq;fs; mizTr; Nrh;kq;fis,ilepiyj; jdpkq;fs; mizTr; Nrh;kq;fis,ilepiyj; jdpkq;fs; mizTr; Nrh;kq;fis cUthf;FtJ Vd;?cUthf;FtJ Vd;?cUthf;FtJ Vd;?cUthf;FtJ Vd;? 1. rpwpa cUtsT kw;Wk; mjpf Neh;kpd; mlh;j;jp 2. fhypahd (n-1) d Mh;gpl;lhy;fis ngw;wjhy;> ,ilepiyj; jdpkq;fs;>

<dpfspy; cs;s jdpj;j kw;Wk; gpizg;gpy; <Lglhj ,iz vyf;l;uhd;fis ngw;W gpizg;ig Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. (v.fh) [Cu(NH3)4]

2+

3

36 rpy;tH ckpo;jy; vd;whyrpy;tH ckpo;jy; vd;whyrpy;tH ckpo;jy; vd;whyrpy;tH ckpo;jy; vd;why; vd;d? mJ vt;thW jLf;fg;gLfpwJ?; vd;d? mJ vt;thW jLf;fg;gLfpwJ?; vd;d? mJ vt;thW jLf;fg;gLfpwJ?; vd;d? mJ vt;thW jLf;fg;gLfpwJ? cUfpa epiyapy; cs;s rpy;tuhdJ mjd; fd msitg; Nghy; 20 klq;F Mf;rp[id cl;nfhs;Sk; jd;ikAilajhFk;. ,jid Fsph;tpf;Fk; NghJ cwpQ;rpa Mf;rp[d; ntspNaWfpwJ. ,jw;F ‘rpy;tH ckpo;jy;’ vd;W ngah;. ,r;nraiy cUfpa rpy;thpd; kPJ fhpglyj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jLf;fyhk;.

2+1


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37

i`l;u[d; Fz;L nra;tjpYs;s mwptpay; fUj;ij vOJf.i`l;u[d; Fz;L nra;tjpYs;s mwptpay; fUj;ij vOJf.i`l;u[d; Fz;L nra;tjpYs;s mwptpay; fUj;ij vOJf.i`l;u[d; Fz;L nra;tjpYs;s mwptpay; fUj;ij vOJf. i`l;u[d; Fz;L mZf;fU gpizg;G tpidfshy; cUthfpwJ. i`l;u[d; cl;fUf;fs; gpize;J Pypak; cl;fU cUthFk; NghJ kpFe;j Mw;wy; ntsptUfpwJ. i`l;u[d; Fz;Lfspy; i`l;u[d; gpizg;G tpid ikaj;jpy; epfo;fpwJ. ,k;ikaj;ij Rw;wp> 1H

2 kw;Wk; 3Li 6 gq;F ngWk; cl;fU gpsg;G tpid epfo;e;J cl;fU gpizg;G tpidf;Fj; Njitahd ntg;gepiyia cUthf;FfpwJ.

(i) mZf;fU gpsg;G tpid → ntg;gk; + epa+l;uhd;

(ii) 3Li 6 + 0n1 → 1H

3 + 2He4 + 4.78Mev (iii) 1H

2 + 1H3 → 2He4 + 0n

1 +17.6Mev

3

38 fz;zhb vt;thW cUthfpwJ?fz;zhb vt;thW cUthfpwJ?fz;zhb vt;thW cUthfpwJ?fz;zhb vt;thW cUthfpwJ? rpy ePh;kq;fis tpiuthf Fsph;tpf;Fk; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;l ntg;gepiyapy; gbfq;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;iy. Mdhy; nkJthf Fspuitf;Fk; NghJ> mtw;wpd; ghfpay; jd;ik rPuhf mjpfhpj;J ,Wjpapy; fz;zhbr; Nrh;kk; cUthfpwJ.

3

39 vd;l;Nvd;l;Nvd;l;Nvd;l;Nuhgp vd;why; vd;d? mjd; myFfisuhgp vd;why; vd;d? mjd; myFfisuhgp vd;why; vd;d? mjd; myFfisuhgp vd;why; vd;d? mjd; myFfis $W.$W.$W.$W. vd;l;Nuhgp vd;gJ xOq;fw;w jd;ikia mstpLk; gz;G my;yJ Xh; mikg;gpy; %yf;$Wfspd; xOq;fw;w jd;ikia Fwpg;gjhFk;. ,J xU epiyr; rhh;ghFk;.

vd;l;Nuhgpapd; myF = i) fNyhhp / bfphp (my;yJ) eu ii ) SI myfpy; JK-1 (m) EU

2+½ + ½

40 yPrhl;ypahpd; jj;Jtj;ij vOJf.yPrhl;ypahpd; jj;Jtj;ij vOJf.yPrhl;ypahpd; jj;Jtj;ij vOJf.yPrhl;ypahpd; jj;Jtj;ij vOJf. rkepiyapy; cs;s Xh; mikg;gpd; kPJ ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpdhy; rkepiyahdJ me;j ghjpg;gpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisit rkd; nra;Ak; jpiria Nehf;fp efUk;.

3

41 vspa kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd tpidfs; vd;why; vd;d?vspa kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd tpidfs; vd;why; vd;d?vspa kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd tpidfs; vd;why; vd;d?vspa kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd tpidfs; vd;why; vd;d? Xh; vspa tpid xNunahU gbapy; kl;Lk; eilngWfpwJ.

(v.fh) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O tpidfs; xU gbapy; epfohky; thpirahd gy vz;zpf;ifapyhd mbg;gil gbfSld; eilngWtJ rpf;fyhd tpidfs; vdg;gLk;.

R′OOC – (CH2)n – COOR 1k→ R′OOC – (CH2)n – COOH 2k→ HOOC – (CH2)n – COOH

my;yJmy;yJmy;yJmy;yJ ghlg;ghlg;ghlg;ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUgFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUgFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUgFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xU v.fhv.fhv.fhv.fh

1+2

42 Kjy; tif tpidapd; tpidNtf khwpypapd; kjpg;G 1.54Kjy; tif tpidapd; tpidNtf khwpypapd; kjpg;G 1.54Kjy; tif tpidapd; tpidNtf khwpypapd; kjpg;G 1.54Kjy; tif tpidapd; tpidNtf khwpypapd; kjpg;G 1.54 ×××× 10101010−−−−3333 Sec−−−−1

vdpy; miutho;T fhyj;ij fzf;fpLf.vdpy; miutho;T fhyj;ij fzf;fpLf.vdpy; miutho;T fhyj;ij fzf;fpLf.vdpy; miutho;T fhyj;ij fzf;fpLf.

1 312

0.693 0.693t

k 1.54 10−= =×

= 0.45 × 103 secs (or) 450 secs

1+1+1


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43 tpid Ntf khw;wp vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf?tpid Ntf khw;wp vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf?tpid Ntf khw;wp vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf?tpid Ntf khw;wp vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf? xU NrHkk; vj;jifa Ntjp khw;wj;jpw;Fk; cl;glhky; xU Ntjptpidapd; Ntfj;ij khw;wpdhy; mjw;F tpidNtf khw;wp vd;W ngaH.

2KClO3 2MnO→ 2KCl + 3O2 Nkw;fz;l tpidapy; MnO2 tpidNtf khw;wpahf nray;gLfpwJ

my;yJmy;yJmy;yJmy;yJ ghlghlghlghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xU v.fhv.fhv.fhv.fh

2+1

44 M];thy;bd; ePh;j;jy; tpjpia $WfM];thy;bd; ePh;j;jy; tpjpia $WfM];thy;bd; ePh;j;jy; tpjpia $WfM];thy;bd; ePh;j;jy; tpjpia $Wf.... M];thy;bd; ePh;j;jy; tpjp> typik Fiwe;j kpd; gFspapd; gphpif khwpypia gphpif tPjk; kw;Wk; mjd; nrwpTld; njhlh;GgLj;JfpwJ.

Ka = 2Cα

1-α

Ka = typik Fiwe;j mkpyj;jpd; gphpif khwpyp α = gphpifahjy; tPjk; C = nrwpT

2+1

45

rpd;dkpf; mkpyj;jpd;rpd;dkpf; mkpyj;jpd;rpd;dkpf; mkpyj;jpd;rpd;dkpf; mkpyj;jpd; Z kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk; E mikg;Gfismikg;Gfismikg;Gfismikg;Gfis fhl;Lf.fhl;Lf.fhl;Lf.fhl;Lf.

CH3HC

CH COOH

2 1

12

Z E

HH3C

C

CH COOH

2 1

21

1½+1½

46 Gug;Ngd;Gug;Ngd;Gug;Ngd;Gug;Ngd; ----2222----My; kw;Wk; 2My; kw;Wk; 2My; kw;Wk; 2My; kw;Wk; 2----nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;----2222----My; Mfpatw;iwMy; Mfpatw;iwMy; Mfpatw;iwMy; Mfpatw;iw NtWgLj;Jk; ,U Ntjpay; Nrhjidfis jUf.NtWgLj;Jk; ,U Ntjpay; Nrhjidfis jUf.NtWgLj;Jk; ,U Ntjpay; Nrhjidfis jUf.NtWgLj;Jk; ,U Ntjpay; Nrhjidfis jUf.

Gug;Ngd;Gug;Ngd;Gug;Ngd;Gug;Ngd; ----2222----My;My;My;My; 2222----nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;nkj;jpy; Gug;Ngd;----2222----My;My;My;My; (1) CH3

CHOHCH3

H+ K2Cr2O7

CH3

CO

CH3

CH3

C OH

CH3

CH3

H+ H2Cr2O7

CH3

C = CH2

CH3

1½+1½


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(2) CH3

CHOHCH3

Cu 573 K

CH3

CO

CH3

CH3

C OH

CH3

CH3

Cu 573 K

CH3

C

CH3

CH2

(my;yJ) ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s VNjDk; ,uz;L NtWgLj;Jjy;.(my;yJ) ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s VNjDk; ,uz;L NtWgLj;Jjy;.(my;yJ) ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s VNjDk; ,uz;L NtWgLj;Jjy;.(my;yJ) ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s VNjDk; ,uz;L NtWgLj;Jjy;.

47 nnnngd;iry; My;f`hy;> gpidy; nkf;dPrpak; Ggd;iry; My;f`hy;> gpidy; nkf;dPrpak; Ggd;iry; My;f`hy;> gpidy; nkf;dPrpak; Ggd;iry; My;f`hy;> gpidy; nkf;dPrpak; GNuhikbypUe;J vt;thWNuhikbypUe;J vt;thWNuhikbypUe;J vt;thWNuhikbypUe;J vt;thW ngwg;gLfpwJ?ngwg;gLfpwJ?ngwg;gLfpwJ?ngwg;gLfpwJ?

C6H5MgBr + HCHO<jH

C6H5CH2OMgBr C6H5CH2OH + MgBr

OH

H3O+

ngd;iry; My;f`hy;ngd;iry; My;f`hy;ngd;iry; My;f`hy;ngd;iry; My;f`hy;

3

48 ngHfpd;]; tpidia vOJfngHfpd;]; tpidia vOJfngHfpd;]; tpidia vOJfngHfpd;]; tpidia vOJf....

( ) 3CH COONa6 5 3 6 5 32

C H CHO CH CO O C H CH CHCOOH CH COOH+ → = +

3

49 yhf;ily; FNshiuL> yhf;ilL ,tw;wpd; mikg;ig vOJf.yhf;ily; FNshiuL> yhf;ilL ,tw;wpd; mikg;ig vOJf.yhf;ily; FNshiuL> yhf;ilL ,tw;wpd; mikg;ig vOJf.yhf;ily; FNshiuL> yhf;ilL ,tw;wpd; mikg;ig vOJf. yhf;ily; FNshiuL>yhf;ily; FNshiuL>yhf;ily; FNshiuL>yhf;ily; FNshiuL> yhf;ilLyhf;ilLyhf;ilLyhf;ilL

CH3 CH COCl

Cl

CH

C

O

C−CH3

C=O

O

O =

CH3

H

1+2

50 C6H5CONH2 → → →2 2 2+

Br HNO NaNOKOH HCl Cu

X Y Z. X, Y kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk; Z Mfpatw;iwMfpatw;iwMfpatw;iwMfpatw;iw

fz;lwpfz;lwpfz;lwpfz;lwp.... X ⇒ C6H5NH2 (or) mdpyPd; Y ⇒ C6H5N2Cl (or) ngd;rPd; ilaNrhdpak; FNshiuL

Z ⇒ C6H5NO2 (or) iel;Nuh ngd;rPd;

1+1+1

51 czT ghJfhg;ghd;fs; vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhlczT ghJfhg;ghd;fs; vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhlczT ghJfhg;ghd;fs; vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhlczT ghJfhg;ghd;fs; vd;why; vd;d? XH vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.;L jUf.;L jUf.;L jUf. czTg;nghUl;fis nfl;Lg;Nghfr; nra;Ak; Ez;ZapHfis mopj;J> czit ghJfhg;git. v.fh. Nrhbak; ngd;NrhNal; (m) nghl;lhrpak; nkl;lh ig ry;igl;

2+1


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gFjpgFjpgFjpgFjp – II ((((gphpTgphpTgphpTgphpT – mmmm)))) 52 JJJJÈÈÈÈ¬¬¬¬ÌÌÌÌÆÆÆÆ ggggÏÏÏÏ∏∏∏∏‚‚‚‚¶¶¶¶VVVV____ ÿÿÿÿÔÔÔÔVVVV^ÁÁÁÁÔÔÔÔÁÁÁÁBBBB ssss····¬¬¬¬zzzzÔÔÔÔ....\\\\VVVVÏÏÏÏflflflflääää00008888,,,, …………[[[[ 11112222,,,, ÿÿÿÿƒƒƒƒ©©©© 11112222

1. JÈ¬ÌÆÔπ_ ®È¬‚´V[ ∂Á\Õm^· A]B gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^. ÷Ák zkVı¶D ®ıÔ·V_ kÁ´BÆ¬Ô©√|˛≈m.

2. JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ ƒ\ gu≈KÁ¶B ∂b gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ ÷Á6k>ºÈV ∂_Èm ∞≈¬zÁ≈B ƒ\ gu≈KÁ¶B ∂b gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ ÷Á6k>V_ cÚkV˛≈m

3. JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ cÚkVzD ®ıË¬ÁÔ•D, ∂b gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ ÷Á6•D ®ıË¬ÁÔ•D ƒ\\VÔ ÷Ú¬zD.

4. ÷Ú ∂b gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ ÷Á6Õm ÷Ú JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_ÔÁ·› >Ú˛≈m.

zÁ≈Õ> gu≈_ ÿÔVı¶ ∏Á6©A JÈ¬ÌÆ JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_ - gÏ∏‚¶V_ ∂]Ô gu≈_ ÿÔVı¶ ®]Ï ∏Á6©A JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_ - JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_ 5. JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_Ôπ[ kΩk∫Ô^ ÷Á6•D

∂b gÏ∏‚¶V_Ôπ[ kΩk›Á>ºB ÿ√uÆ^·m.

6. ∏Á6©A JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ σ(E¬\V), π(Á√), δ (ÿ¶_¶V) \uÆD

®]Ï∏Á6©A JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ σ∗, π∗, δ∗ ®™ z§¬Ô©√|˛≈m. 7. JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_Ô^ gu≈o[ ∞ÆkˆÁƒl_ W´©√©√|˛≈m.

(g‡√V >›mkD) 8. ŒÚ JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶Vo_ ÷Ú ®È¬‚´V[ÔÁ· \‚|D W´©√ ÷BKD.

∂Õ> ÷Ú ®È¬‚´V[Ô”D ®]ÿ´]Ï ∑wuE•Á¶BÁk. (√Vol[ >sÏ¬ÁÔ >›mkD)

9. ÷´ı| ƒ\ gu≈_ cÁ¶B JÈ¬ÌÆ gÏ∏‚¶V_ÔÁ· W´©AD º√Vm, x>o_ ∂ku§_ ®È¬‚´V[Ô·V_ ŒuÁ≈ W´°>ÁÈ ØÏ›] ÿƒF>∏≈ºÔ ÷Ú ®È¬‚´V[ ÷Á6ÁB W´©√ ºkı|D. (¯[‚ s])

VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;

5

53 jq;fjq;fjq;fjq;fk; mjd; jhJtpypUe;J vt;thW gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ?k; mjd; jhJtpypUe;J vt;thW gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ?k; mjd; jhJtpypUe;J vt;thW gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ?k; mjd; jhJtpypUe;J vt;thW gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ? ∏∏∏∏ˆ››››ÿÿÿÿ>>>>||||¬¬¬¬zzzzDDDD xxxxÁÁÁÁ≈≈≈≈ :::: \V¬ gÏ>Ï √V´¸| ƒBÁ™| xÁ≈ 1111.... >>>>VVVVmmmm :::: ƒ_Á√| (or) ÿ¶_KÁ´| >Vm. 2222.... ∂∂∂∂¶¶¶¶ÏÏÏÏ∏∏∏∏››››>>>>____ :::: OÁ´t>©A xÁ≈ 3333.... kkkkÆÆÆÆ››››>>>>____ :::: >VmkV™m ∂]Ô ∂·° ÔVuÆ (∂) g¬E¤M_ kÆ¬zD º√Vm, ƒ_√Ï, gÏƒM¬ \uÆD ÿ¶_ŸˆBD g¬E¤º™u≈\Á¶Õm, gsBVÔ¬ÌΩB g¬Áƒ|Ô·VÔ ÿkπºBÆD.

½+½+0 +1½+1 +1½


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4444.... KCN ººººƒƒƒƒÏÏÏÏ››››>>>>____ :::: >Vm°¶[ 0.5 % KCN ºƒÏ¬Ô©√‚| ÔVu§_ Ák¬zD º√Vm KCNä_ ÔÁ´Õm ÿ√V‚¶VEBD gº´VƒBÁ™Á¶› >Ú˛≈m.

4Au + 8KCN + 2H2O + O2 → 4K[Au(CN)2] + 4KOH ÿ√V‚¶VEBD gº´VƒBÁ™| 5555.... ººººÔÔÔÔVVVV____ÁÁÁÁ¶¶¶¶ TTTTµµµµ√√√√ΩΩΩΩkkkkVVVV¬¬¬¬ÔÔÔÔ____ :::: ÿ√V‚¶VEBD gº´V ƒBÁ™|¶[, ˜∫¬ mÔ^ ºƒÏ¬Ô©√‚|, ºÔV_| Tµ√ΩkV¬Ô©√|˛≈m.

2K[Au(CN)2] + Zn → K2 [Zn(CN)4] + 2Au↓

6666.... tttt[[[[™™™™VVVVuuuu ####FFFFÁÁÁÁ\\\\BBBBVVVV¬¬¬¬ÔÔÔÔ____:::: ºÂÏt[kVF ä \V∑ ÔÈÕ> ºÔV_| ®]Ït[ kVF ä #B ºÔV_| t[√zπ ä gˆ¬ zº·VÁ´| + 10 to 12% HCl t[ƒV´D ÿƒK›mD º√Vm, #B ºÔV_| ®]Ït[kVl_ √Ω˛≈m.

54

ÈÈÈÈVVVVÕÕÕÕ>>>>ÁÁÁÁ™™™™||||ÔÔÔÔππππ[[[[ √√√√BBBB[[[[ÔÔÔÔ^ BBBBVVVVÁÁÁÁkkkk????ÿÿÿÿƒƒƒƒ©©©©ääää00008888,,,, 00009999,,,, hhhh[[[[ääää00009999 ÈVÕ>Á™|Ô^ÈVÕ>Á™|Ô^ÈVÕ>Á™|Ô^ÈVÕ>Á™|Ô^

1. ÈVÕ>Á™|ÔÁ· ÿÔVı| >BVˆ¬Ô©√|D Á√º´V º√Vˆ¬ cºÈVÔ¬ÔÈÁk EÔÿ´‚ √u≈ Ák©√V[, ÿ√VDÁ\Ô^, y©ÿ√V§ ctøD ÿ>V‚ΩÔ^ \uÆD kaB§zı|Ô^ g˛Bku§_ √B[√|˛≈m.

2. ÊˆBV (CeO2) \uÆD º>VˆBV (ThO2) g˛BÁk kV•

s·¬zÔπ_ √B[√|˛≈m 3. √Ú›]ÁB ƒVBt¶°D, t[ºƒt©A ÿÈ‚ t[ ÔÈ[ÔπKD,

sÁ™R¬˛Ô·VÔ°D ÊˆBD c©AÔ^ √B[√|˛≈m. 4. ÈVÕ>Mº¶Väÿk©√ Œ|¬Ô xÁ≈Ôπ[ JÈD #FÁ\BV™

cºÈVÔD (Fe, Co, Ni) ÿ√≈ÈVD. 5. ÈVÕ>Á™| cºÈVÔ ÔÈÁkBV™ ti cºÈVÔD ÿk©√D

>V∫zD ]≈–^· >´x^· ®‡˛Á™ >BVˆ¬Ô© √B[√|˛≈m. 30% ti cºÈVÔD +1% Zr ÔÈÕ> ÿ\¬ÃEB ÔÈÁk ÿ¤‚ ®Õ]´∫Ôπ[

√VÔ∫Ô^ >BVˆ¬Ô© √B[√|˛≈m.

5

55 >>>>¬¬¬¬ÔÔÔÔ ƒƒƒƒVVVV[[[[ÆÆÆÆÔÔÔÔ””””¶¶¶¶[[[[ ∂∂∂∂ÁÁÁÁ6666°°°° \\\\VVVVuuuu§§§§BBBBDDDD \\\\uuuuÆÆÆÆDDDD ∂∂∂∂BBBBMMMMBBBBVVVV>>>>____ \\\\VVVVuuuu§§§§BBBB∫∫∫∫ÔÔÔÔÁÁÁÁ···· ssss····¬¬¬¬zzzzÔÔÔÔ????

1111.... ∂∂∂∂ÁÁÁÁ6666°°°° \\\\VVVVuuuu§§§§BBBBDDDD:::: ∂Á6° ºÂÏt[ ∂BM•D, ∂Á6° ®]Ït[ ∂BM•D c^· ÷Ú cºÈVÔ ∂Á6°fl ºƒÏ\›]_, ÷Ú ∂Á6° ºÔV·∫ÔπKD ~MÔπ[ √∫ˇ| ºkÆ√|k>V_ ∂Á6° \Vu§BD cı¶V˛≈m.

2½+2½


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( ) ( )III III3 66

Co NH Cr CN \uÆD ( ) ( )III III

3 66Cr NH Co CN

ÿ«¬ƒV ∂DÁ\[ ºÔV√V_‚ (III) ÿ«¬ƒV ∂DÁ\[ zº´VtBD (III) ÿ«¬ƒV ƒBº™V zº´Vº\‚ (III) ÿ«¬ƒV ƒBº™V ºÔV√V_º¶‚ (III)

2222.... ∂∂∂∂BBBBMMMMBBBBVVVV>>>>____ \\\\VVVVuuuu§§§§BBBBDDDD:::: Œº´ JÈ¬ÌÆ kVF©√V‚Á¶•D ÔÁ´ƒK^ ºkÆ√‚¶ ∂BMBVzD >[Á\•D ÿÔVı¶ ºƒÏ\∫Ô^ ∂BM \Vu§B∫Ô^ ®™©√|D. ( )3 45

Co NH Br SO \uÆD ( )3 45Co NH SO Br

ÿ√[¶V ∂DÁ\[ Aº´Vº\V ÿ√[¶V ∂DÁ\[ ƒ_º√‚º¶V ºÔV√V_‚ (III) ƒ_º√‚ ºÔV√V_‚ (III) Aº´VÁ\| (Ek©A ª>V \Vu§BD) (Ek©A \Vu§BD) ÔÁ´ƒo_ ƒ_º√‚ ∂BM ÿÔV|¬zD ÔÁ´ƒo_ Aº´VÁ\| ∂BM ÿÔV|¬zD

my;yJmy;yJmy;yJmy;yJ ghlg;ghlg;ghlg;ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUgFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUgFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xUgFjpapy; cs;s NtW VNjDk; xU v.fhv.fhv.fhv.fh

gphpTgphpTgphpTgphpT – MMMM

56 ÔÔÔÔ‚‚‚‚ΩΩΩΩ____ÈÈÈÈVVVV gggguuuu≈≈≈≈____ EEEE≈≈≈≈©©©©∏∏∏∏BBBB____AAAAÔÔÔÔ^ BBBBVVVVÁÁÁÁkkkk???? 1. Ô‚Ω_ÈV gu≈_ G = H – TS gzD. G g™m WÁÈflƒVÏA. H - ∂Á\©∏[ ®[>V_∏ S - ∂Á\©∏[ ®[‚º´V∏ T - ÿk©√WÁÈ H, S - WÁÈflƒVÏAÔ^ 2. G ä ÿ√VÚıÁ\ ƒVÏ √ı√VzD.

∆G äÿ√VÚıÁ\ƒV´V© √ı√VzD. ∂Á\©√V™m JΩB ∂Á\©√VÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. 3. G-g™m ∂Á\©∏[ ŒuÁ≈ \]©AÁ¶B ÿk©√ ÷B¬ÔsB_ √ı√VzD.

4. ÿƒB_xÁ≈l[ >[Á\ÁB ∂§B ∆G-[ J[Æ kÁÔÔ^ ∆G ®]Ïz§ ÿƒB_xÁ≈ >[MflÁƒBV™m,

WÔw¬ ÌΩBm. ∆G ØÎ˜BD ÿƒB_xÁ≈ ƒ\WÁÈ•Á¶Bm.

∆G ºÂÏz§ ÿƒB_xÁ≈ >[MflÁƒBu≈m, WÔwV>>VzD.

5. ∆G = ∆H – T∆S ∆G = ∆E + P∆V – T∆S [∆H = ∆E + P∆V] ∆G = q – w + P∆V – T∆S [∆E = q – w] ∆G = q – w + P∆V – q [T∆S = q] ∆G = –w + P∆V ÿ\V›> ºkÁÈ –∆G = w – P∆V

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57 PCl5 EEEEÁÁÁÁ>>>>••••DDDD ssssÁÁÁÁ™™™™¬¬¬¬zzzz Kc \\\\uuuuÆÆÆÆDDDD Kp \\\\VVVV§§§§ooooÔÔÔÔ””””¬¬¬¬zzzzÔÔÔÔVVVV™™™™

ƒƒƒƒ\\\\[[[[√√√√VVVV||||ÔÔÔÔÁÁÁÁ···· kkkkÚÚÚÚssss???? PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

PCl5 PCl3 Cl2

g´D√ º\V_Ôπ[ ®ıË¬ÁÔ a 0 0

sÁ™√‚¶ º\V_Ôπ[ ®ıË¬ÁÔ x − −

ƒ\WÁÈl_ º\V_Ôπ[ ®ıË¬ÁÔ a – x x x

ƒ\WÁÈl_ º\VÈVÏ ÿƒ§° a-x

V

x

V

x

V

K c = [ ][ ][ ]

3 2

5

PCl Cl

PCl= ( ) ( )

2

2

x/V×x/V x V= ×

a-x / V V a-x =

( )2x

a-x V sÁ™√| ÿ√VÚ‚Ôπ[ ŒÚ √z] ∏[™D EÁ>kÁ¶kº> ∏ˆÁÔ T>D (x) ®™©√|˛≈m.

x = EÁ>kÁ¶Õ> º\V_Ôπ[ ®ıË¬ÁÔ

ÿ>V¶¬Ô›]_ c^· º\V_Ôπ[ ®ıË¬ÁÔ ÿ>V¶¬Ô›]_ 1 º\V_ PCl5 ÷Ú©√>VÔ ®|›m¬ÿÔVı¶V_

Kc = ( ) ( )

2 2x x P =

1-x V 1-x RT \uÆD g˛BÁk √z] ∂ø›>∫Ô^ ®M_, ∂ku§[ kVlÈVÔ,

Kp = 3 2

5

PCl Cl

PCl

p .patm

p \uÆD Kp = ( )

2

2

x Patm

1-x

5

58 xxxx>>>>____ kkkkÁÁÁÁÔÔÔÔ ssssÁÁÁÁ™™™™llll[[[[ EEEE≈≈≈≈©©©©∏∏∏∏BBBB____AAAAÔÔÔÔÁÁÁÁ···· sssskkkkˆ.... ((((ÿÿÿÿƒƒƒƒ©©©©.... 00006666)))) (i) sÁ™√| ÿ√VÚ^Ôπ[ ÿƒ§Ák ‘n’ \¶∫z ∂]Ôˆ¬zD º√Vm, sÁ™ºkÔD ‘n’ \¶∫z ∂]Ôˆ¬zD. (ii) sÁ™√| ÿ√VÚ^Ôπ[ ÿƒ§Ák ÷Ú \¶∫z ∂]Ôˆ¬zD º√Vm sÁ™ºkÔxD ÷Ú \¶∫z ∂]Ôˆ¬zD.

(iii) x>_ kÁÔ sÁ™l[ sÁ™ºkÔ \V§ol[ ∂Èz s™VΩ–1

. (iv) sÁ™l[ z§©∏‚¶ ∏[™ ∂·° WÁ≈° ÿ√Æk>uz º>Ák©√|D ºÂ´\V™m sÁ™√| ÿ√VÚ^Ôπ[ ÿ>V¶¬Ô

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ÿƒ§Ák ÿ√VÚ›m ∂Á\BVm.

1u

1

2.303 at = log

ak au

− ( )1

u1

2.303 ut = log

k u–1 k1 = tpidNtf khwpyp>tpidNtf khwpyp>tpidNtf khwpyp>tpidNtf khwpyp> t1/u MdJ njhlf;fr; nrwpTMdJ njhlf;fr; nrwpTMdJ njhlf;fr; nrwpTMdJ njhlf;fr; nrwpT a-ia nghUj;Jia nghUj;Jia nghUj;Jia nghUj;J miktjpy;iy.miktjpy;iy.miktjpy;iy.miktjpy;iy.

59 25°°°°C----y;y;y;y; Zn-Ag kpd;fyj;jpd; If;kpd;fyj;jpd; If;kpd;fyj;jpd; If;kpd;fyj;jpd; If; e.m.f fz;Lgpb.fz;Lgpb.fz;Lgpb.fz;Lgpb.

[Zn2+] = 0.001 M [Ag+] = 0.1 M ( )o oE 25 C - = 1.56Vkp.fkp.fkp.fkp.f y;y;y;y;

yÏ°:yÏ°:yÏ°:yÏ°: Zn + 2Ag+ Zn2+ + 2Ag

° ° °R LE = E - Et.Ô

( )0.80 0.76= − − 0.80 0.76= +

°E =1.56Vt.Ô ÿÂÏ[¸‚ ƒ\[√V|

2+

°2+

Zn0.0591E = E log

n Ag

−

t.Ô t.Ô

n = 2; [Zn2+] = 0.001M; [Ag+] = 0.1M;

°E =1.56Vt.Ô ®™ ∏´]l¶

( )( )2

0.0010.0591E =1.56 log

2 0.1−t.Ô

3

2

0.0591 1×10=1.56 log

2 1×10

−

−−

( )-3 210 ×10

10= 1.56 0.02955× log −

( )11010=1.56 0.02955×log

−

−

( )1.56 0.02955 1= − ×−

( )1.56 0.02955= − − 1.56 0.02955= +

E =1.58955Vt.Ô

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gphpTgphpTgphpTgphpT ---- ,,,,

60 ilvj;jpy; <jH gpd;tUk; fuzpfSld; vt;thW tpidGhpfpilvj;jpy; <jH gpd;tUk; fuzpfSld; vt;thW tpidGhpfpilvj;jpy; <jH gpd;tUk; fuzpfSld; vt;thW tpidGhpfpilvj;jpy; <jH gpd;tUk; fuzpfSld; vt;thW tpidGhpfpwJ?wJ?wJ?wJ? (m)(m)(m)(m) O2 / ePz;l njhlHGePz;l njhlHGePz;l njhlHGePz;l njhlHG (M)(M)(M)(M) HI (mjpf msT)(mjpf msT)(mjpf msT)(mjpf msT) (,)(,)(,)(,) PCl5

(m)(m)(m)(m) O2 cccc¶¶¶¶[[[[ :::: ~>ÏÔ^ ÔVu§_ c^· g¬E¤–¶[ sÁ™√‚| ÿkΩ¬zD >[Á\ c^· ÿ√´V¬Áƒ| cı¶V˛≈m. ®™ºk ~>ÏÔÁ· cÈÚD kÁ´ gsBV¬Ô Ì¶Vm. C2H5 – O – C2H5 [O]→ (C2H5)2 O2 Á¶®›]_ ÿ√´V¬Áƒ| ((((MMMM)))) ∂∂∂∂]]]]ÔÔÔÔ ∂∂∂∂····°°°° HI:::: Á¶®›]_ ~>Ï ∂]Ô ∂·° HI c¶[ ÿk©√©√|›> ®›]_ ∂ºBVÁ¶| >Ú˛≈m. C2H5 – O – C2H5

2HI→ 2C2H5I + H2O ®›]_ ∂ºBVÁ¶| ((((,,,,)))) PCl5: Á¶®›]_ ~>Ï PCl5 c¶[ sÁ™√‚| ®›]_ zº·VÁ´Á¶ >Ú˛≈m.

Cl

C2H5OC2H5

+PCl3 Cl

→ 2C2H5Cl + POCl3

®›]_ zº·VÁ´|

2+1½ +1½

61 mrpl;lhy;bi`L <Lgl;Ls;s FWfmrpl;lhy;bi`L <Lgl;Ls;s FWfmrpl;lhy;bi`L <Lgl;Ls;s FWfmrpl;lhy;bi`L <Lgl;Ls;s FWf;F My;lhy; FWf;f tpidapd; tpid;F My;lhy; FWf;f tpidapd; tpid;F My;lhy; FWf;f tpidapd; tpid;F My;lhy; FWf;f tpidapd; tpid topKiwia tpthp.topKiwia tpthp.topKiwia tpthp.topKiwia tpthp.

√√√√ΩΩΩΩ :::: 1111 ∂E‚¶V_ΩÁ«Ω[ αäÁ«‚´¤[ ¿¬Ô©√‚| ÔVÏ√[ ®]´BM cÚkV˛≈m.

H CH2 CHOOH

CH2CHO + H2O( )

√√√√ΩΩΩΩ :::: 2222 ÷¬ÔVÏ√[ ®]´BM \uÿ≈VÚ ∂BM•≈V ∂E‚º¶VM[

ÔVÏ√Á™_ ÔVÏ√Á™› >V¬z˛≈m.

CH3 + CH2CHOC

O

CH3

CH3 C

O

CH3

CH2CHO( )

( )

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√√√√ΩΩΩΩ :::: 3333 cÚkV™ g_ÔV¬Áƒ| ∂BM ¿ˆ™V_ Aº´V‚º¶Vº™u≈D ÿ√Æ˛≈m.

CH3 C

O

CH3

H OHCH3 C

OH

CH3

CH2CHO

g_¶V_

CH2CHO

( )

62 gpgpgpgpd;tUk; NrHkq;fs; ngd;rhapf; mkpyj;jpypUe;J vt;thW ngwg;gLfpwJ.d;tUk; NrHkq;fs; ngd;rhapf; mkpyj;jpypUe;J vt;thW ngwg;gLfpwJ.d;tUk; NrHkq;fs; ngd;rhapf; mkpyj;jpypUe;J vt;thW ngwg;gLfpwJ.d;tUk; NrHkq;fs; ngd;rhapf; mkpyj;jpypUe;J vt;thW ngwg;gLfpwJ. (m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal;(m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal;(m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal;(m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal; (M) ngd;iry; My;f`hy;(M) ngd;iry; My;f`hy;(M) ngd;iry; My;f`hy;(M) ngd;iry; My;f`hy; (,) ngd;rPd;(,) ngd;rPd;(,) ngd;rPd;(,) ngd;rPd; (m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal;(m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal;(m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal;(m) vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal;

C6H5COOH + C2H5OH H+

→ C6H5COOC2H5 + H2O vj;jpy; ngd;NrhNal; (M) ngd;iry; My(M) ngd;iry; My(M) ngd;iry; My(M) ngd;iry; My;f`hy;;f`hy;;f`hy;;f`hy; C6H5COOH 4LiAlH→ C6H5CHO 4LiAlH→ C6H5CH2OH (,) ngd;rPd;(,) ngd;rPd;(,) ngd;rPd;(,) ngd;rPd; C6H5COOH NaOH CaO+

∆→ C6H6 +CO2

2+2+1

63 Ez;ZapH vjphpfisg; gw;wpa vOJf. jir ,Wf;f typ epthuzpfspd; gad;Ez;ZapH vjphpfisg; gw;wpa vOJf. jir ,Wf;f typ epthuzpfspd; gad;Ez;ZapH vjphpfisg; gw;wpa vOJf. jir ,Wf;f typ epthuzpfspd; gad;Ez;ZapH vjphpfisg; gw;wpa vOJf. jir ,Wf;f typ epthuzpfspd; gad; ahJ?ahJ?ahJ?ahJ? ghf;bhpah> G+Q;ir Nghd;w Ez;Zaph;fs; rpy Ntjpg;nghUl;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,t;NtjpnghUl;fs; kw;w Ez;Zaph;fs; tsh;r;rpiaAk; tsh;rpij khw;wj;ijAk; jLf;Fk; jd;ikngw;wit. ngdprpypak; nehNllk; vd;w G+Q;irapypUe;J ngd;rpypd; gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ. gad;:gad;:gad;:gad;: Kf;fpakhf Rth;gFjpia RWq;fr; nra;aTk;> Rthr cWg;Gfspd; Neha;fs;> epNkhdpah Ruk; Mfpatw;wpw;F gad;gLfpwJ. ,it ,aw;ifapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; ngy;yNlhdh My;fyha;Lfs;. ,k;kUe;J nghUl;fs; tapW> Fly;fs; rpWePufk; Mfpatw;wpy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fSf;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. (v.fh): mdpNrhbNuhgpd;> ml;Nuhgpd;

2½+2½

gFjpgFjpgFjpgFjp ---- IV

64 (m)

®®®®ÈÈÈÈ¬¬¬¬‚‚‚‚´VVVV[[[[ ÔÔÔÔkkkkÏÏÏÏ]]]]≈≈≈≈[[[[ ÔÔÔÔ6666¬¬¬¬˛||||DDDD √√√√VVVVoooo∫∫∫∫∂∂∂∂····TTTT‚‚‚‚ÁÁÁÁ¶¶¶¶ ssss····¬¬¬¬zzzzÔÔÔÔ???? ÷Õ> ∂·T¶V™m ∏Á6©∏[ gu≈K¬zD, ∏Á6©∏_ c^·

∂b¬Ôπ[ ®È¬‚´V[ ÔkÏ]≈–¬zD c^· ÿ>V¶ÏÁ√ ∂Ω©√Á¶BVÔ ÿÔVı¶m. JÈ¬ÌÆ A – B_ c^· ∏Á6©Á√ ®|›m¬ ÿÔVı¶V_,

A B A A B BE E E− − −> ×

EA–B = A – B ∏Á6©A ∏·° gu≈_

EA–A = A – A ∏Á6©A ∏·° gu≈_

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EB–B = B – B ∏Á6©A ∏·° gu≈_

∆ = A B A A B BE E E− − −− ×

= (XB – XA)2 ˛ºÈV ÔºÈVˆ (∂_Èm)

0.208 ∆ = XB – XA ®È¬‚´V[ ºkV_‚

XA = 'A'ä[ ®È¬‚´V[ ÔkÏ]≈[

XB = 'B'ä[ ®È¬‚´V[ ÔkÏ]≈[

√Vo∫ Á«‚´¤M[ ®È¬‚´V[ ÔkÏ]≈Á™ 2.1 ®™¬ ÿÔVı| \u≈ >M\∫Ôπ[ ®È¬‚´V[ ÔkÏ]≈Á™ ÷flƒ\[√V| JÈD Ô6¬˛‚¶VÏ. zÁ≈√V|zÁ≈√V|zÁ≈√V|zÁ≈√V| √È ]ı\ >M\∫Ôπ[ ∏Á6©A gu≈_Ô^ m_oB\VÔ ÿ>ˆBV>>V_ ÷Õ> ∂·T‚Á¶ ∂Á™›]uzD √B[√|›> ÷BÈVm.

64 (M)

/GNshiuLfspypUe;J /GNshhpd; vt;thW gphpj;njL/GNshiuLfspypUe;J /GNshhpd; vt;thW gphpj;njL/GNshiuLfspypUe;J /GNshhpd; vt;thW gphpj;njL/GNshiuLfspypUe;J /GNshhpd; vt;thW gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ?f;fg;gLfpwJ?f;fg;gLfpwJ?f;fg;gLfpwJ?

(1) ºƒVΩBD ∂_Èm ÿ√V‚¶VEBD Á«‚´¤[ A”Á´Á¶ t[™Vu√z›m ©”ˆ[ >BVˆ¬Ô©√|˛≈m. (2) V-kΩk›>V_ g™ ÔV©√Ï zwVF, ˛´VÁ√‚ t[>ı|Ô”¬˛Á¶ºB t[™Vu√z›>_

ÿƒFB©√|˛≈m. (3) zwVl[ xÁ™Ô^ ÔV©√Ï JΩBV_

J¶©√‚|^·m. ˛´VÁ√‚ t[>ı|Ô^ º√¬ÔÁÈ‚ Eÿ\ıΩ™V_ ÿ√VÚ›>©√‚|^·m.

KHF2 → KF + HF

HF → H+ + F–

®]Ït[kVF : 2H+ + 2e– → H2

ºÂÏt[kVF : 2F– – 2e– → F2 #FÁ\BV¬Ô_:#FÁ\BV¬Ô_:#FÁ\BV¬Ô_:#FÁ\BV¬Ô_: ºÂÏt[kVl_ ÿkπºBÆD ©”ˆ[ kV• U kΩk zwVl_ c^· ºƒVΩBD ©”Á´Ω_ ÿƒK›>©√‚| HF kV• ¿¬Ô©√|˛≈m.

NaF + HF → NaHF2

1+2+2


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65 (m)

(m)(m)(m)(m) [Co(NH3)4Cl2] NO2 vd;wvd;wvd;wvd;w mizT NrHkj;jpd;mizT NrHkj;jpd;mizT NrHkj;jpd;mizT NrHkj;jpd; (i) IUPAC ngaHngaHngaHngaH (ii) ika cNyhf madpika cNyhf madpika cNyhf madpika cNyhf madp (ii) <dp<dp<dp<dp (iv) mizT Nfhsj;jpd; kpd;RikmizT Nfhsj;jpd; kpd;RikmizT Nfhsj;jpd; kpd;RikmizT Nfhsj;jpd; kpd;Rik (v) mizT vz;mizT vz;mizT vz;mizT vz; Mfpatw;iw Fwpg;gpLf.Mfpatw;iw Fwpg;gpLf.Mfpatw;iw Fwpg;gpLf.Mfpatw;iw Fwpg;gpLf. (i) nll;uh mk;ikd; ilFNshNuh Nfhghy;l; III iel;iul; (ii) CO+3

(iii) mk;ikd;> FNshNuh (my;yJ) NH3, Cl−

(iv) NeHkpd; Rik (m) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+

(v) 6

1+1+1 +1+1

65 (M)

ÔÔÔÔ]]]]ˆBBBB¬¬¬¬ÔÔÔÔ ÔÔÔÔVVVVÏÏÏÏ√√√√[[[[ ÔÔÔÔVVVVÈÈÈÈ WWWWÏÏÏÏ6666BBBBxxxxÁÁÁÁ≈≈≈≈ √√√√uuuu§§§§ zzzz§§§§©©©©AAAA ®®®®øøøømmmmÔÔÔÔ???? s_ÈVÏ| \uÆD o©∏ g˛ºBVÏ >Vk´ \uÆD tÚÔ∫Ôπ_ AÁ> √Ω\∫Ôπ[ ÔVÈ›Á> ∂©ÿ√VÚ^Ôπ_ ®fiE•^· Ô]ˆB¬Ô

ÔVÏ√M[ 6C14

∂·soÚÕm Ô6¬˛|D xÁ≈ÁB cÚkV¬˛™VÏ.

cBÏkπ \ı¶È›]_ ÔV¸t¬ Ô]ÏTflEK^· WR‚´V[Ô^

ÁÂ‚´¤–¶[ sÁ™Aˆk>V_ 6C14

Ô]ˆB¬Ô ÔVÏ√[ cÚkV˛≈m.

7N

14 + 0

n1 → 6

C14

+ 1H

1

ÁÂ‚´¤[ WR‚´V[ Ô]ˆB¬Ô ÔVÏ√[ Aº´V‚¶V[

÷ÀkVÆ cÚkVzD C14

sÁ´s_ g¬E¤[ ∞u≈D

∂Á¶Õm C14

ÿÔVı¶ 14

CO2 kV• cÚkV˛≈m.

÷ÀkV• ŒπflºƒÏ¬ÁÔ WÔµkV_ >Vk´∫Ôπ_ OÁw˛≈m.

÷›>Vk´∫ÔÁ· cı√>V_ C14

tÚÔ∫Ô^ c¶o_ ºƒÚ˛≈m. ÷›>Vk´∫Ô”D tÚÔ∫Ô”D

÷≈Õ>∏[ C14

∞uA WÆ›>©√‚| C14

EÁ>° ÿ>V¶∫z˛≈m.

6C

14 →

7N

14 +

–1e

0

Ô]ˆB¬Ô ÔVÏ√M[ (C14

) ∂Á´kVµÔVÈD t½ = 5700 gı|Ô^.

AÁ>ÿ√VÚ^ √Ω\›]_ ®fiE•^· C14 ∂·Ák¬ Ôı¶§Õº>V ∂_Èm

ŒÚ ˛´VD ∂·°^· ∂©ÿ√VÚπoÚÕm ÿkπl¶©√|D βämÔ^ º√V[≈ Ô]ÏTfl∑Ôπ[ ®ıË¬ÁÔÁB Ô6¬˛‚º¶V ∂ÁkÔπ[ ÔVÈ›Á> ˇµ¬Ôı¶ ƒ\[√V| JÈD Ô6¬˛¶ÈVD.

12

2.303×tt =

0.693

14

14

Clog

C

A]B >Vk´›]K^· ∂·°

AÁ>©ÿ√VÚ^ √Ωk›]K^· ∂·°

√B[Ô^√B[Ô^√B[Ô^√B[Ô^ 1. Ô]ˆB¬Ô ÔVÏ√[ Ô6¬ˇ| xÁ≈ k´ÈVuÆ ∂Ôµ° g´VFflEl_

√B[√|˛≈m. 2. ÂVÔˆÔ∫Ôπ[ k·ÏflE, TµflE \uÆD clˆ™∫Ôπ[

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√ˆ6V\ k·ÏflE g˛BkuÁ≈ ∂·Õ>§B°D √B[√|˛≈m.

66 (m)

madpg;gbfq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis vOJf?madpg;gbfq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis vOJf?madpg;gbfq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis vOJf?madpg;gbfq;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis vOJf?

√ıAÔ^:√ıAÔ^:√ıAÔ^:√ıAÔ^: 1. ∂BM©√ΩÔ∫Ôπ[ gsBV>o[ ÿk©√D ∂]Ô\VzD. 2. ƒV>´6 ÿk©√WÁÈl_ ∂BM©√ΩÔ∫Ôπ[ gs ∂ø›>∫Ô^

tÔ°D zÁ≈kVzD. 3. ∂BM©√ΩÔ∫Ôπ[ ÿÔV]WÁÈ \uÆD cÚzWÁÈ tÔ°D

∂]ÔD. 4. ∂BM©√ΩÔ∫Ô^ tÔ°D ÔΩ™\VÔ°D, cÁ¶•D >[Á\•¶–D

c^·™. 5. ∂BM©√ΩÔ∫Ô^ ]ı\WÁÈl_ t[Ô¶›>V >[Á\•Á¶BÁk. 6. ¿ˆ_ ÔÁ´Õm^· º√Vm ∂BM©√ΩÔ∫Ô^ t[Ô¶›mD

>[Á\•Á¶BÁk. 7. ∂BM©√ΩÔ∫Ô^ ¿Ï \uÆD xÁ™°^· ÔÁ´©√V[Ôπ_

ÔÁ´•D >[Á\•Á¶BÁk. VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;VNjDk; Ie;J kl;Lk;

5

66 (M)

xU $o;k Jfspd; kpd;Rikia vt;thW epHzapg;gha;?xU $o;k Jfspd; kpd;Rikia vt;thW epHzapg;gha;?xU $o;k Jfspd; kpd;Rikia vt;thW epHzapg;gha;?xU $o;k Jfspd; kpd;Rikia vt;thW epHzapg;gha;? ePHftH $o;kk; xd;wpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s ,uz;L gpshl;bdk; kpd;KidfSf;F ,ilNa kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij nrYj;Jk; NghJ gphpifj;Jfs;fs; gpd;Kidia Nehf;fp efUk; nray; kpd;Kid ftHr;rp (m) fhl;Nlh nghurp]; vdg;gLk;. $o;kj;Jfs; vjpHkpd; Rik ngw;wpUe;jhy; NeHkpd; Kid Nehf;fp efUk;. NeHkpd; Rik ngw;wpUe;jhy; vjpHkpd; Kid Nehf;fp efUk;. kpd;Kid ftHr;rpia ep&gpf;f As2S3 $o;kk; ‘U’ tbt Fohapy; epug;gg;gLfpwJ.

Ja ePhpy; cs;s ,U gpshl;bdk; KidfSf;F ,ila 100 Nthy;l; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij nrYj;Jk; NghJ $o;kk; vjpHkpd;Kid gf;fk; Fiwe;Jk;> NeHkpd; Kid gf;fk; caHe;Jk; fhzg;gLk;.

As2S3 $o;kj;Jfs;fs; NeHkpd; Kid Nehf;fp caUtjhy; mit vjpH kpd;Rik cilaJ.

1+1+3

67

M];l; thy;bd; ePHj;jy; tpjpia tpsf;F.M];l; thy;bd; ePHj;jy; tpjpia tpsf;F.M];l; thy;bd; ePHj;jy; tpjpia tpsf;F.M];l; thy;bd; ePHj;jy; tpjpia tpsf;F. g¸‚kV_Ω[ ¿Ï›>_ s] koÁ\ zÁ≈Õ> t[√zπl[ ∏ˆÁÔ \V§oÁB ∏ˆÁÔT>D \uÆD ∂>[ ÿƒ§°¶[ ÿ>V¶ÏA√|›m˛≈m. koÁ\ zÁ≈Õ> t[√zπ CH3COOH-[ ∏ˆÁÔ ƒ\WÁÈ

3 3CH COOH CH COO H− ++

∏ˆÁÔ \V§o Ka = [ ]+ -

3

3

H CH COO

CH COOH

→(1)

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α ®[√m ∂E‚Ω¬ ∂tÈ›][ ∏ˆÁÔ T>D ®™°D, ÔÁ´ƒo[ g´D√ ÿƒ§° C ®™°D ÿÔVı¶V_,

[H+] = Cα

[CH3COO−] = Cα

[CH3COOH] = (1 – α) C

÷D\]©AÔÁ· ƒ\[√V| (1)ä_ ÷¶

Ka = ( )αC .αC

1 α C−

Ka = ( )

2α C

1 α− → (2)

α-\]©A tÔ¬zÁ≈° ®M_, ÷>Á™ 1 c¶[ Œ©∏|D º√Vm A≈¬ÔË¬ÔÈVD. ®™ºk, Ka = α2C → (3)

∂>Vkm α2 = aK

C

α = aK

C

[H+] = Cα

[H+] = aKC

C×

[H+] = aK ×C ÷Á>©º√VÈºk TˆB zÁ≈Õ> ÔV´›]uz

Kb = 2α C

1 α−

Kb =

2α C

1 - α

Kb = α2C (α tÔ¬zÁ≈° ®M_)

α = bK

C

67 (M)

fl;byh Mw;wYf;Ffl;byh Mw;wYf;Ffl;byh Mw;wYf;Ffl;byh Mw;wYf;Fk;k;k;k; EMF-ffff;Fk; cs;s njhlHig tpthp.;Fk; cs;s njhlHig tpthp.;Fk; cs;s njhlHig tpthp.;Fk; cs;s njhlHig tpthp. ŒÚ t[ÔÈD cı¶V¬zD t[ƒV´›Á>© √B[√|›] ºkÁÈ ÿƒFB ÷BKD. 1. ÿk©√ ÷B¬ÔsBo[ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_ t[ gu≈ÁÈ•D,

ÔÈ›]oÚÕm ÿ√≈©√|D cBÏÕ> √‚ƒ ºkÁÈ Wmax n•D

ÿ>V¶ÏA√|›] ÔV‚¶ xΩ•D.

Wmax = t[ÔÈ›][ t[ ∂ø›>D ×

ŒÚ º\V_ ∂¶Ïs_ cı¶VzD t[º™V‚¶›][ t[∑Á\

Wmax = –n F E → (1)

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(iii)



n ⇒ sÁ™l_ ÷¶D ÿ√BÚD ®È¬‚´V[Ôπ[ ®ıË¬ÁÔ

F ⇒ √V´º¶ = 96495 ÌKD

E ⇒ t[ÔÈ›][ emf 2. ÿk©√ ÷B¬ÔsBo[ √Ω, ŒÚ ºk] sÁ™l_ ∂]Ô√‚ƒ

ºkÁÈl[ ∂·°, Ô‚ΩÈV gu≈o_ ∞u√|D \Vu≈›]uz ƒ\D.

Wmax = ∆G → (2) ƒ\[√V| (1) \uÆD (2) oÚÕm

∆G = – n F E E ºÂÏ\Á≈BVÔ ÷ÚÕ>V_ >V[ ∆G ®]Ï\Á≈BVÔ ÷Ú¬zD. sÁ™>[MflÁƒBVÔ WÔøD. ÔÈ›]™V_ ÿ√≈©√|D t[ƒ¬] (nFE) ÔÈsÁ™l[ Ô‚Ω_ÈV gu≈_ \Vu≈D (–∆G) ¬zfl ƒ\D.

68 (m)

,dd;rpNahkH,dd;rpNahkH,dd;rpNahkH,dd;rpNahkHfs; kw;Wk;fs; kw;Wk;fs; kw;Wk;fs; kw;Wk; lah];bhpNahkHlah];bhpNahkHlah];bhpNahkHlah];bhpNahkHfisfisfisfis – NtWgLj;Jf.NtWgLj;Jf.NtWgLj;Jf.NtWgLj;Jf.

,dd;rpNahkh;,dd;rpNahkh;,dd;rpNahkh;,dd;rpNahkh; lah];bhpNahkh;lah];bhpNahkh;lah];bhpNahkh;lah];bhpNahkh;

(i) xsp Row;rp khw;wpaq;fs; xj;j Row;rp msitAk; vjph;kiwahd FwpaPl;ilAk;; nfhz;lit

xspRow;rpapd; mstpNyNa khWgLfpwJ.

(ii) ,it Nkw;nghUe;jhj nghUs; Mb gpk;g njhlh;Gila Gwntsp mikg;G nfhz;lit

,it Mb gpk;gj; njhlh;Gilaitahf ,Uf;fhJ.

(iii) ,it xsp Row;Wk; jpirapy; kl;;Lk; khWgLk; kw;w vy;yh gz;GfspYk; xj;jjhapUf;Fk;.

,it vy;yh ,aw;gpay; gz;GfspYk; NtWgLk;.

(iv) d.l khw;wpaq;fis fyitapypUe;J jdpj;jdpNa gphpj;jy; mt;tsT vspjy;y

lah];bhpNahkh;fis vspjhf gphpj;jy; ,aYk;.

(v) d,l lhHlhhpf; mkpyk; d, kPNrh lhh;lhhpf; mkpyk; ....

5

68 (M)

ggggpd;tUk;pd;tUk;pd;tUk;pd;tUk; tpidfis tpthp?tpidfis tpthp?tpidfis tpthp?tpidfis tpthp? (i) HVZ tpidtpidtpidtpid (ii) khw;W v];l;uhf;Fjy; tpidkhw;W v];l;uhf;Fjy; tpidkhw;W v];l;uhf;Fjy; tpidkhw;W v];l;uhf;Fjy; tpid (iii) nkj;jpy; rhyprpNyl; cUthjy;nkj;jpy; rhyprpNyl; cUthjy;nkj;jpy; rhyprpNyl; cUthjy;nkj;jpy; rhyprpNyl; cUthjy;

(i) RCH2COOH 2 3Br PBr→ RCH2COBr → RCHBrCOBr 2H O→ RCHBrCOOH

(ii) CH3COOCH3 + C2H5OH H+

→ CH3COOC2H5 + CH3OH

CH3OH

H2SO4

OH

COOH

OH

COOCH3

+ H2O

2+1½ + 1½


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69 (m)

Xhpiza> <hpiza kw;Wk; %tpiza mkPd;fis NtWgLj;Jf.Xhpiza> <hpiza kw;Wk; %tpiza mkPd;fis NtWgLj;Jf.Xhpiza> <hpiza kw;Wk; %tpiza mkPd;fis NtWgLj;Jf.Xhpiza> <hpiza kw;Wk; %tpiza mkPd;fis NtWgLj;Jf.

5

69 (M)

/g;uf;Nlhr/g;uf;Nlhr/g;uf;Nlhr/g;uf;Nlhrpd; mikg;G vt;thW jUtpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij tpsf;Fpd; mikg;G vt;thW jUtpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij tpsf;Fpd; mikg;G vt;thW jUtpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij tpsf;Fpd; mikg;G vt;thW jUtpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij tpsf;F....

(1) jdpk Ma;T> %yf;$W vilawpjy; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J gpuf;Nlh]; tha;g;ghL C6H12O6

(2) /gpuf;Nlh]; HI/P→xLf;fk;

n-n`f;Nrd;

MW fhHgd; mZf;fs; fpisapy;yh ePz;lnjhlhpy; cs;sJ.

(3) gpuf;Nlh]; + ePH → eLepiyf; fiury; -COOH njhFjp ,y;iy vdf;fhl;LfpwJ. (4) gpuf;Nlh]; + mrpl;bf; mkpy ePhpyp →gphpbd; ngd;lh mrpl;Nll; Ie;J

i`l;uhf;rp njhFjp cs;sij fhl;LfpwJ.

(5) gpuf;Nlh]; + HCN → raNdh i`l;hpd; My;bi`L (m) fPl;Nlhd; njhFjp cs;sij fhl;LfpwJ. (6) gpuf;Nlh]; Br2/ H2O dhy; Vw;wk; miltjpy;iy. vdNt My;bi`L

njhFjp ,y;iy vdf; fhl;LfpwJ.

(7) gpuf;Nlh]; + 4(O) 3HNO→ lhHlhhpf; mkpyk; + fpisf;fhypf; mkpyk;

8×½=4 +1


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,t;tpidapy; Gjpa rPh;ikj;jd;ikaw;w ikak; C-2y; cUthtjhy; fPl;Nlh njhFjp cs;sJ cWjpahfpwJ.

(8) gpuf;Nlhy; + HCN → raNdh i`l;hpd; HI/Red P

→ePuhw;gFjpg;G

xLf;fk; 2-nkjpy;

n`f;rdhapf; mkpyk; ,t;tpidapy; fPl;Nlh njhFjp ,uz;lhk; fhHgd; mZtpy; cs;sJ cWjpahfpwJ.

mikg;G CH2OH

C = O

CHOH

CHOH

CHOH

CH2OH

70 (m)

C2H4 vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL nfhz;lvd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL nfhz;lvd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL nfhz;lvd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL nfhz;l (A) vd;w NrHkk; fhuk; fye;jvd;w NrHkk; fhuk; fye;jvd;w NrHkk; fhuk; fye;jvd;w NrHkk; fhuk; fye;j nghl;lhrpak;nghl;lhrpak;nghl;lhrpak;nghl;lhrpak; ngHkhq;fNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;JngHkhq;fNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;JngHkhq;fNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;JngHkhq;fNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;J C2H6O2 vd;w %yf;$Wvd;w %yf;$Wvd;w %yf;$Wvd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL cilatha;g;ghL cilatha;g;ghL cilatha;g;ghL cila (B) vd;wvd;wvd;wvd;w NrHkj;ij jUfpwJNrHkj;ij jUfpwJNrHkj;ij jUfpwJNrHkj;ij jUfpwJ.... NrHkk;NrHkk;NrHkk;NrHkk; (B)-IIII ePuw;w [pq;f;ePuw;w [pq;f;ePuw;w [pq;f;ePuw;w [pq;f; FNshiuLld; NrHj;J> ntg;gg;gLj;jFNshiuLld; NrHj;J> ntg;gg;gLj;jFNshiuLld; NrHj;J> ntg;gg;gLj;jFNshiuLld; NrHj;J> ntg;gg;gLj;j C2H4O vd;wvd;wvd;wvd;w tha;g;ghL nfhz;l (tha;g;ghL nfhz;l (tha;g;ghL nfhz;l (tha;g;ghL nfhz;l (C) NrNrNrNrHkk;Hkk;Hkk;Hkk; cUthfpwJcUthfpwJcUthfpwJcUthfpwJ.... (A), (B) kw;wk;kw;wk;kw;wk;kw;wk; ((((C)-IIII fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.

(i)

CH2

CH2

+ H2O + (O)

FË®ªj

fhu§fyªj

KMnO4 CH2OH

CH2OH

(A) (B)

(ii)

CH3CHO

(C)

CH2OH

CH2OH

(B)

ePuw;w

ZnCl2

A, B, C kl;Lk; Fwpg;gpl;L ,Ue;jhy; (ngaH my;yJ tha;ghL)

2½+2½

(or) 3

70 (M)

12 Mk;12 Mk;12 Mk;12 Mk; njhnjhnjhnjhFFFFjp kw;Wjp kw;Wjp kw;Wjp kw;Wk; 4 Mk;k; 4 Mk;k; 4 Mk;k; 4 Mk; njhliu rhHe;j> ePyk; fye;j ntz;zpw jdpkk;njhliu rhHe;j> ePyk; fye;j ntz;zpw jdpkk;njhliu rhHe;j> ePyk; fye;j ntz;zpw jdpkk;njhliu rhHe;j> ePyk; fye;j ntz;zpw jdpkk; (A) mlmlmlmlH fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; tpidGhpe;JH fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; tpidGhpe;JH fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; tpidGhpe;JH fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; tpidGhpe;J SO2 thAitthAitthAitthAit ntspNaw;wpntspNaw;wpntspNaw;wpntspNaw;wp (B)-IIII vd;w mjd;vd;w mjd;vd;w mjd;vd;w mjd; cg;ig jUfpwJ.cg;ig jUfpwJ.cg;ig jUfpwJ.cg;ig jUfpwJ. (B) MdJMdJMdJMdJ Nrhbak;Nrhbak;Nrhbak;Nrhbak; ig fhHgNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;J. Njhy; Nehiaig fhHgNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;J. Njhy; Nehiaig fhHgNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;J. Njhy; Nehiaig fhHgNdl;Lld; tpidGhpe;J. Njhy; Nehia Fzg;gLj;Jk; fspk;Gfspy; gad;glf; $ba NrHkk; (Fzg;gLj;Jk; fspk;Gfspy; gad;glf; $ba NrHkk; (Fzg;gLj;Jk; fspk;Gfspy; gad;glf; $ba NrHkk; (Fzg;gLj;Jk; fspk;Gfspy; gad;glf; $ba NrHkk; (C)-IIII jUfpwJ.jUfpwJ.jUfpwJ.jUfpwJ. (A), (B) kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk; ((((C)-I fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.I fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.I fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.I fz;lwpe;J> tpidfis tpsf;F.

(i) ( ) ( )

2 4 4 2 2A B

Zn 2H SO ZnSO SO 2H O+ → + +

(ii) ( ) ( )

4 3 3 2 2B C

ZnSO 2NaHCO ZnCO H O CO+ → + +

A, B, C kl;Lk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhy; (ngaH my;yJ tha;ghL)

2½+2½

(or) 1½


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70 (,)

C7H8 vd;wvd;wvd;wvd;w %yf;$W tha;ghL cila fhpkr; NrHkk;%yf;$W tha;ghL cila fhpkr; NrHkk;%yf;$W tha;ghL cila fhpkr; NrHkk;%yf;$W tha;ghL cila fhpkr; NrHkk; (A), V2O5 Kd;dKd;dKd;dKd;dpiyapy;piyapy;piyapy;piyapy; fhw;Wld; tpidGhpe;J.fhw;Wld; tpidGhpe;J.fhw;Wld; tpidGhpe;J.fhw;Wld; tpidGhpe;J. C7H6O vd;wvd;wvd;wvd;w %yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk;%yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk;%yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk;%yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk; (B)-IIII jUfpwJ. NrHkk;jUfpwJ. NrHkk;jUfpwJ. NrHkk;jUfpwJ. NrHkk; (B)-IIII ypj;jpak; mYkpdpak; i`l;iuL nfhz;L xLf;fk; nra;a>ypj;jpak; mYkpdpak; i`l;iuL nfhz;L xLf;fk; nra;a>ypj;jpak; mYkpdpak; i`l;iuL nfhz;L xLf;fk; nra;a>ypj;jpak; mYkpdpak; i`l;iuL nfhz;L xLf;fk; nra;a> C7H8O vd;w %yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk; (vd;w %yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk; (vd;w %yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk; (vd;w %yf;$W tha;ghL cila NrHkk; (C)-IIII jUfpwJ.jUfpwJ.jUfpwJ.jUfpwJ. (A), (B) kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk;kw;Wk; ((((C)-IIII fz;lwpe;J tpidfis tpsf;Ff.fz;lwpe;J tpidfis tpsf;Ff.fz;lwpe;J tpidfis tpsf;Ff.fz;lwpe;J tpidfis tpsf;Ff.

(i) ( )

( )

( )2 5

O6 5 3 6 5air /V O /773K

A B

C H CH C H CHO→

(ii) ( ) ( )

4LiAlH6 5 6 5 2

B C

C H CHO C H CH OH→

A, B, C kl;Lk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhy; (ngaH my;yJ tha;ghL)

2½+2½

(or) 3

70 (<)

mstpyh ePHj;jy; kw;Wk;mstpyh ePHj;jy; kw;Wk;mstpyh ePHj;jy; kw;Wk;mstpyh ePHj;jy; kw;Wk; 0.1M nnnnrwptpy; mrwptpy; mrwptpy; mrwptpy; mrrrrpl;bpl;bpl;bpl;bffff; mkpyj;jpd; rkhd flj;Jk; jpwd;; mkpyj;jpd; rkhd flj;Jk; jpwd;; mkpyj;jpd; rkhd flj;Jk; jpwd;; mkpyj;jpd; rkhd flj;Jk; jpwd; KiwNa 390.7 kw;Wk; 5.2 Nkh.nrkPKiwNa 390.7 kw;Wk; 5.2 Nkh.nrkPKiwNa 390.7 kw;Wk; 5.2 Nkh.nrkPKiwNa 390.7 kw;Wk; 5.2 Nkh.nrkP2222 fp.rfp.rfp.rfp.rkhdk;khdk;khdk;khdk;----1111 MFk;. gphpif tPjk;>MFk;. gphpif tPjk;>MFk;. gphpif tPjk;>MFk;. gphpif tPjk;> H+ madpmadpmadpmadp nrwpT kw;Wk; mkpyj;jpd; gphpif khwpyp Mfpatw;iw fzf;fpLf.nrwpT kw;Wk; mkpyj;jpd; gphpif khwpyp Mfpatw;iw fzf;fpLf.nrwpT kw;Wk; mkpyj;jpd; gphpif khwpyp Mfpatw;iw fzf;fpLf.nrwpT kw;Wk; mkpyj;jpd; gphpif khwpyp Mfpatw;iw fzf;fpLf.

0.1 M br¿Éš má£o¡ mÄy¤â‹ rkhd

vil fl¤J âw‹ λC = 5.2 msÉyh Ú®¤jÈš má£o¡ mÄy¤â‹

rkhd vil fl¤Jâw‹ λα= 390.7

ãÇif åj« α = ?

H+ maÅ br¿î = ? mÄy¤â‹ ãÇif kh¿È = ?

ãÇif åj« α =C

αλλ

= 5.2 52

390.7 3907=

= 0.01333 × 100 = 1.33%

CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO–

C(1 – α) Cα Cα

[H+] = Cα = 0.1 × 0.01333

[H+] = 0.00133 M

mÄy¤â‹ ãÇif kh¿È Ka =2α C

1 α−

= 20.0133 0.1

1 0.0133

×−

= ( )22 11.33 10 10

0.9867

− −× ×

=5 517689

10 1.792 10 M9867

− −× = ×

5


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