73

u v

// u ×

) u v ( u

u u

v

B4 - uC ) ) u ( ( uCB4 ) u4

u ) v C uB4 u u CB4

v

×u × v ( ., ( u ) -

u - u ( - v / . u

×u

× v

uB4 uC v

× u u × v

u u B4 //)

v u u ” u

× u ×u

v

)

74

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

木造蓄積量(Million ton)

木造蓄積量 九州 四国 中国 近畿 中部 北陸 関東 東北 北海道

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

S造蓄積量(Million ton)

S造蓄積量

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

RC造蓄積量(Million ton)

RC造蓄積量

75

u DYZ NY X 3Y YW Z

vDYZ NY X u v

u u η u

v u u

η v u u

― η v

u // ( v

v u // u

( v , u // -( ( (/- -

× v × α u

v

3Y YW Z u 8:C u

― u

-u . v -

v /, -) ( ( . )

u × v

u . ( / W v

u v u

u u

v

DYZ NY X 3Y YW Z u( (.(

( . uDYZ NY X ) v

76

, DYZ NY X

)) ( - 1

7 1 8

0510152025303540

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

その他

鉄

木材

砂利・砕石

コンクリート

0510152025303540

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

下水道ダム漁港港湾空港鉄道道路建築物

(万トン)

[billion ton]

[billion ton]

77

( (

n

ⅲ u v u

u u uη v × u × v w

u u u v

-19 v

u y y u

y v u y u u y v

u u × u

v × u w

v u u

× v u u 2

× v

-19

MIPS(Material Intensity per Service) u u

ⅲ × v u u ⅲ

u u v u

material intensity MIPS u MIPS v u

× u ⅲ v uresource

decoupling MIPS u u u

v MF uMaterial Intensity

MIuService S uMIPS v

!"# = !"!&×

!&#

1 u u v ×

u v u 2

u u v u

2 u MIPS MIPS mass-wise MIPS: mwMIPS × u MIPS

78

functionality-wise MIPS: fwMIPS × v u u

u v × u

yu × y v

u yu yu yu δy v

u yu (SRC) yu (RC) yu (S) yu

(CB) y 5 v

u u u u u

δ u v v u ×

× × v v u

u u u v

× u × v u u

λ y v × u u y

v u N m

v v u u

-9 v uMIPS v

-9

MI[t] S[m3]

[t/m3]

3.38c106

1.45c108

0.424

2009×

6.47c104 7.86 8.57c106 2.1

1.20c107

SRC

5.23c104

8.26c106

0.424 1.27c105 7.86

3.62c106 2.1 3.80c106

RC

4.35c105

7.28c107

0.424 8.07c105 7.86

3.05c107 2.1 3.18c107

S

4.26c105

1.19c108

0.424 5.30c106 7.86

9.25c106 2.1

1.50c107

CB

2.33c103

2.38c105

0.424 4.25c103 7.86

5.91c104 2.1 6.57c104

1.54c10-5 3.50c10-4 2.67 1 0.952 8.84 7.85 1

δ 4.04c10-2 0.501 7.86 1

79

λ u -20 v

λ u u u δ u

u v u u u δ

v u u490 1470 N/mm2 λ

u u × uλ ×

v u δ u

uλ u × v λ

u -21 v λ u u

u u u δ v

-20 λ

-21 λ

80

uSRCuRCuSuCB 1945 2009

-22(a)u (b) v × u δu u -23 v

-22(a) (b) u fwMIPS mwMIPS v ×

1 v u ×

u × u

v u

× v MIPS u

u × × v -23 u

v u ×

u × v ×

v

(a) (b)

-22 MIPS

-23 MIPS MIPS

81

u 1 u

u × v u

v u u ×

u × v u

GNP 2 × [1]u

” × v u λ ×

u

× v u

v

[1] u × u

v u u v

× u u v

u u u

v

u u 2

” × v u

u u v

u u ×

v

u u

u 3 × v u ×

v u

× [2]v u × ×

u2 v u

× u u y

v

u u v u

u Gibbs |ΔG| v uGibbs

u u v

u × Sene

uGibbs v u

Cene u Gibbs u

A (6) v

A = Sene - Cene ⋯(6)

82

u 3 u Zn uZn-5%Al u

55%Al-Zn uZn-Al-Mg (ZAM)uSUS304u

vSene(J)u Cene (J) × ×u Gibbs

u (7)u (8) (9) u × u

v

Sene = |∆Gb |·vb·1/Mb ·Sb ·t ⋯(7)

Cene = |∆Gp |·vp·1/Mp ·Sp ·t ⋯(8)

Cene = Ee ⋯(9)

uΔG Gibbs (J/mol)uv (g/m2/time)uM

(g/mol)uS (m2) uEe ⅲ ×

(J) v ubup u v (8) u

(9) × v u u u

(9) v

u u

1 m2 -24 v

Zn ZAM Cene u Zn Cene

uCene u × v u

u A u

× v

u u

× v

-24 1 m2

83

u u u

u [3] u

×

-25 v × u

v u

v × u v

u u 50 PJ/year u

ⅲ 5% v u ⅲ

u × v

u u u

× v 90%

u u

u -49 v

u × u

v u

× v

-25

84

u w σ v u

u × × v u ×

u × u × × u

v

u v u

u × v

u u × u

× [3]v u

u u v u

× u

u u

v u u

v u

u v u

u

u v u u

× u

u v

u u

v u u

v u × u

(a/b) × v u

u 4 v

u u u

v u 1 u

(a/c)v

r

u v

u u

v u

u v

s

u 1 × u

v u T uT

1 v

u v