Name______________________________________________________ Period___________ Unit 7 Guided Notes

Unit Essential Question: How did the Roman Empire influence world civilization?

Vocabulary to Know

Gladiator Archbishop Patriarch DomusAqueduct Bishop Monk PersecutionColosseum Diocese Monasteries Rule by Divine RightChurch Priest Nun InflationPope Parish Convent Barter

Praetorian Guard

Lesson Essential Question – _____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Roman Empire (p. 236-239)

During the early years of the empire, about ______________________________ people lived

in _______________.

Rome faced many problems like cities today.

o One problem was too _______________ _______________.

o The air was _______________.

o There was _______________ in the streets.

o The cost of living was _______________.

o Many Romans could not find _______________.

o They had to pay _______________ on _______________ _______________.

Describe the homes of the rich.

o ______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

o Define domus: ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

o ______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

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Describe the homes of the poor.

o ______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

The Family (p. 237-238)

The Roman Family

The Father

The father was _______________ of the _______________.

His _______________ was _______________.

The father arranged the children’s _______________ to improve _______________

_______________ or to increase _______________.

Cousins

Cousins were ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________.

Boys

Most Roman boys and girls went to _______________ together until age 12.

Sons of the _______________ went to _______________ at age 12.

At age 12, sons of the _______________ began their formal _______________.

Sons of the rich studied _______________, _______________, _______________, _______________, etc.

When they were 15, boys entered a school or _______________, or _______________ and

_______________, to prepare for a _______________ career.

Some boys went to Athens or Alexandria to study _______________ or _______________.

Girls/Women

Girls received a _______________ kind of _______________.

When they were 12, their formal education _______________.

Instead of school, daughters of the wealthy were given _______________ _______________ at

home.

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As a result, many Roman women were just as _______________, if not _______________

educated, than _______________ _______________.

Some women _______________ in or _______________ small _______________.

Wealthy women had _______________ to do _______________.

Having enslaved people allowed rich women free to study the _______________,

_______________, and _______________, or to _______________ _______________ in the country.

At Leisure (p. 238-239)

At home, the Romans enjoyed ______________________________ with

_____________________________.

The Romans would meet friends at public _______________, where they could take

warm, cold, or steam _______________.

The bathhouses of Rome provided more than _______________.

Some bathhouses had _______________, _______________ _______________ , and _______________.

There, the Romans could watch or play _______________.

They also could _______________ to _______________, see _______________, _______________, or

just sit and _______________.

Public Games (p. 238)

During the republic, ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________.

During the empire, ____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________.

The games included _______________, _______________ _______________, and _______________

_______________.

Many chariot races were held at the _______________ _______________, an oval arena that

held more than ______________________________.

Gladiators (p. 238-239)

Define gladiators: ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Most gladiators were _______________ _______________, _______________ of _______________,

_______________, or _______________ _______________.

Gladiators were trained by _______________ who _______________ them out.

A few gladiators were _______________-_______________ Romans who wanted _______________

and public _______________.

The night before a fight, gladiators would appear at a _______________.

There, they could be looked over by _______________ and _______________ who wanted to

_______________ on the outcome of a _______________.

When gladiators would enter the arena, they would walk past the _______________ box

and say, “__________________________________ ______________________________________.”

Many gladiators did _______________.

Those whose fighting pleased the crowd became _______________ of the people.

All kinds of _______________ were used in the public games.

Roman Technology (not in textbook)

The Arch

Most arches consist of _______________-_______________ blocks.

The top center stone, called the _______________, is the last block to be inserted. During

construction, arches are often supported by a wooden frame.

When the frame is removed, both sides of the arch press against the _______________

and thereby support the arch.

Concrete

Using a mixture that included _______________ and _______________ _______________, the

Romans created a very strong and durable type of _______________.

Roads

The roads were built for the _______________.

They were also used for _______________.

Over the course of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, 55,000 miles of roads

were built.

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There was a very famous saying, “__________________________________________________________

____________________________________.”

Bridges

They were built with _______________ and/or _______________ and utilized the

_______________.

Aqueducts

The word aqueduct comes from the Latin word for _______________, aqua, and the Latin

word for _______________, ductus.

Aqueducts used _______________ to carry water from the _______________ _______________ to

Roman _______________ and _______________.

Water was used in _______________ _______________, _______________, _______________, and

_______________ _______________.

Architecture

Romans used their knowledge of _______________, baked brick , and _______________

building innovations to build many great buildings.

o The Forum – A series of building used for _______________ _______________. It was

the center of Roman daily life.

o The Pantheon – It was a Roman _______________ dedicated to all the

_______________. Today it is the most preserved building of ancient Rome.

o The Colosseum – An ______________________________, or _______________, built by the

emperor Vespasian and finished by his son Titus. It is the largest

amphitheater from ancient times. It was built of _______________ and

_______________, and could seat between 50, 000 and 80, 000 people. It was used

for _______________ _______________ and public spectacles, such as mock sea battles,

_______________, animal hunts, and dramas based on Classical Mythology.

o Circus Maximus – A huge oval arena used for _______________ _______________ and

other mass entertainment. It could accommodate over 150, 000 spectators.

Christianity in Rome (p. 247-256)

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Christians brought new _______________ and important _______________ to the Roman

Empire.

Christianity began in _______________.

Christianity is based on the life and teachings of _______________

Jesus would spread and teach his message using _______________, or stories.

Many followers of Jesus believed he was the _______________.

Christianity and Rome (p. 250-252)

The Roman Empire allowed Christianity to spread.

o The _______________ _______________ let _______________ to move across _______________

lands in safety.

o The system of Roman _______________ helped them go from one place to another

quickly.

o Most people spoke either _______________ or _______________, which allowed the

missionaries to talk with people _______________.

Christianity was not favored in Rome for several reasons.

o While Christians were allowed to worship _______________, the Romans expected

everyone to honor the _______________ as a _______________.

o The _______________, like the _______________, _______________ to do this.

o The _______________ stated only _______________ could be worshipped.

o The Romans also did not like other Christian ideas.

o For example, Christians did not want to serve in the _______________ or hold

_______________ _______________.

The Romans _______________ and _______________ Christians for things such as

_______________ and _______________.

In 64 A. D., the Romans accused the Christians of starting a _______________ that

_______________ much of Rome.

Christianity was made _______________ and many Christians were _______________.

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Christianity was of interest to _______________ _______________ and _______________

_______________ in the cities.

o They led very hard _______________.

o They liked a religion that promised a _______________ _______________ after

_______________.

Church Structure (p. 253)

Christians needed a way to keep their churches together.

One way was by organizing the churches.

They used the Roman Empire’s structure of _________________________ as a model for

their organization.

o Each church was called a _______________. Their leader was known as a

_______________.

o Several parishes were put together, which became known as a _______________.

Diocese originally meant a Roman military district. A _______________ headed

each diocese.

o The most important bishops were called ______________________________. They

governed churches in _______________ _______________.

o The five leading archbishops were called ______________________________.

o Over time, the archbishop of _______________ began to claim power over the

other archbishops. By 600, he was called _______________. Pope is the

_______________ word for _______________. Christians who spoke _______________ saw

him as head of all the churches.

o People who spoke _______________ did not see the Pope as head of the church.

They turned to the archbishop of ______________________________.

o In 1054 A. D., the two church groups ______________________________. The Latin

churches became known as the ______________________________

______________________________ ______________________________. The ____________________

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churches became known as the ______________________________

______________________________ ______________________________.

Monasteries (p. 254-256)

______________________________ were Christians who left the city to live and pray alone in

isolated areas.

o They believed this would bring them closer to ______________________________.

o Hermits were protected from the temptations of daily life, but they were not

doing anything to improve the world.

______________________________ was a bishop who suggested a different way of life.

o He said Christians should form ______________________________

______________________________ near ______________________________.

o There, they would be ______________________________ from the evils of the world.

o At the same time, they could help other people by doing

______________________________ ______________________________ and set an example of

Christian living.

______________________________ were Christian men who did as Basil suggested and lived

in religious settlements.

o ______________________________ were the religious settlements of monks.

o ______________________________ were Christian women who did the same.

o ______________________________ were the living quarters of nuns.

Basil drew you a list of rules these religious communities.

o This list was known as the Basilian Rule, and it became the model for Eastern

Orthodox religious life.

In the West, another set of rules called the Benedictine Rule was followed.

o It was created by an Italian monk named ______________________________.

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o Under Benedict’s rules, the men agreed to give up all of their

______________________________ before entering the monasteries, wore simple

______________________________, and eat only certain ______________________________.

o They could not ______________________________.

o They had to obey the orders of the ______________________________, or

________________________________________________________________________.

o They had to attend religious services ______________________________ times during

the day and once at ______________________________.

By 800 A. D., monks were playing an important role in spreading

______________________________ throughout Europe.

By preserving old ______________________________ and ______________________________

writings, they helped western civilization ______________________________ and

______________________________.

Lesson Essential Question – _____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fall of the Roman Empire (p. 240-244)

Pax Romana ended after about _______________ years.

From then on, conditions in the Roman Empire grew worse.

There are many reasons the Roman Empire fell.

o The first was _______________.

The emperors had no _______________ _______________ over who _______________

the _______________.

Sometimes, the throne was _______________ by a ____________.

Sometimes, an emperor _______________ an _______________ to the throne.

Between 96 A. D. and 180 A. D., all emperors were

__________________________.

After the emperor Commodus, ______________________________ fought

______________________________ to put its own emperor on the throne. 9

Most emperors were ______________________________ by the

______________________________ or the ______________________________

______________________________.

o The second reason for Rome’s downfall was _______________.

To stay in office, an emperor had to keep the _______________ who

supported him happy.

He did this by giving the soldiers _______________ _______________.

This meant more and more _______________ was needed to pay for the

_______________.

Romans had to pay higher _______________.

In addition to taxes, the Romans began to suffer from _______________.

Define inflation: _______________________________________

______________________________________________________

Since there were no new conquests, there was no _______________ coming

in to Rome, but there was _______________ going out.

People began to _______________ for goods.

Define barter: ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

o The third major reason Rome fell centered on _______________ _______________.

Roman _______________were open for _______________.

_______________ hunters and herders began to raid ______________ and

_______________.

_______________ and _______________ in Greece and Gaul _______________.

Cities again began to surround themselves with _______________ to

_______________ themselves.

Lesson Essential Question – _______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Diocletian and Constantine I (p. 241, 243)

Two emperors, ______________________________ and ______________________________, tried to

save the Roman Empire.

Diocletian was the son of a ______________________________ who made many changes.

o He _______________ the _______________ to stop _______________.

o Diocletian reorganized different governments to make them work better.

o To keep prices from _______________, he set _______________ prices for _______________

and _______________.

o To make sure goods were produced, he ordered workers to stay in the same

_______________ until they _______________.

o Diocletian made city officials personally responsible for the _______________ their

communities had to pay.

o Diocletian established the policy of ______________________________ by

______________________________ ______________________________.

o Define rule by divine right: ___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

o Diocletian ______________________________ the empire into _______________ parts.

He had someone rule the ______________________________ province, while he

ruled the ______________________________ ______________________________

provinces.

Constantine issued several orders to keep people from leaving their jobs.

o The sons of workers had to follow their fathers’ _______________.

o The sons of _______________ had to stay and work the _______________ their fathers

worked.

o The sons of _______________ had to serve in the _______________.

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To escape government control and pressure, wealthy landowners moved to their

_______________, or country estates.

o Most villas were like small, independent _______________.

o Each villa produced enough _______________ and _______________ to meet the needs

of everyone who lived in the villa.

In 330 A. D., Constantine moved the capital from a dying _______________ east to the

newly built city of __________________________________________ in present-day

______________________________.

End of the Empire (p. 243-244)

______________________________ attacks ______________________________, especially in

______________________________ ______________________________.

The Germans crossed into Western Europe to escape from the ___________________.

In 378 A. D., ______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________.

o One reason the Germans were able to defeat the Romans was because of an

invention from the Huns, the _______________ ______________________________.

o Using iron stirrups made cavalry strong than ______________________________,

even the powerful Roman legions.

In the winter of 406 A. D., the Rhine River froze and groups of Germans crossed

into _______________.

o The Romans were not able to force them back.

In 410 A. D., the Germanic chief _______________ and his soldiers invaded Rome.

o They burned _______________ and _______________ the treasury.

o The Roman Senate told the people “_______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________.”

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Lesson Essential Question – _______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Germanic Conquerors (p. 270-272)

The Goths were a Germanic people who lived in the ___________________

___________________ of Europe.

o They were divided into ___________________ groups.

o The ___________________ were the ___________________ Goths.

o The ___________________ were the ___________________ Goths.

The Ostrogoths were conquered by the ___________________.

The West Goths asked the Roman emperor for ___________________ from the

___________________.

o The emperor let them ___________________ just inside the Roman Empire’s

___________________.

o In return, the ___________________ gave up their ___________________ and promised

their ___________________ to Rome.

o Soon, trouble broke out between the ___________________ ___________________ and

___________________ ___________________.

o The West Goths had to buy the empire’s ___________________at

___________________ ___________________.

o The Romans also ___________________ many ___________________ West Goths and

___________________ them.

In 410 A. D., the Visigoths captured and looted Rome.

o After they ___________________ Rome, the West Goths took over

___________________.

o Next, the Visigoths took over ___________________, which was already occupied

by another Germanic group called the ___________________.

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o The West Goths ended ___________________ rule in ___________________ and forced

the ___________________ out.

The Vandals were another ___________________ ___________________.

o The Vandals crossed the ___________________ to ___________________

___________________.

o They became ___________________ and attacked ___________________ along the

___________________ ___________________.

o The English word “___________________” comes from the Vandal attacks along

the Mediterranean coast.

o In 455 A. D., the ___________________ burned and attacked ___________________.

By 550, the Roman Empire in the West had ___________________ away.

o In its place were ___________________ major and a lot of ___________________

___________________ ___________________.

o Many Roman ___________________ and ___________________ remained in use, and

would shape later ___________________.

Germanic Group Area(s) Settled/Conquered

Ostrogoths (East Goths)

Visigoths (West Goths)

Vandals

Franks

Lombards

Jutes, Angles, Saxons

Anglo-Saxons

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