Name________________________________________________

Evolution Lecture Notes part IIEvidence for Evolution

Fossils:

Fossils are _____________________________________, plants, and other organisms from the distant past

They show ________________________________________.

Radioactive Decay and the age of fossils:

Wikipedia Explains….

Most chemical elements are ____________. If they are not part of a chemical reaction, they do not change.

Chemical elements are made of _______ _ . In stable elements, the atom stays the same.

In the 19th century, Henri Becquerel discovered that some chemical elements have atoms that change: During their change they send out a __________________________________.

In 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie called this phenomenon ________________________________.

Half Life:

The half-life of a substance is the time it takes for half of the substance to decay.

1. What is the half life of Potassium 40?____________2. After 2.5 billion years what percent of the original

potassium-40 would be left? ________3. After 5 billion years what happened to the potassium-40?

______________________________________________

Vestigial Structures:

Structures that have _____________________________ through evolution

provide ______________ for evolution because they suggest that an organism changed from using the structure to not using the structure, or using it for a different purpose

____________________________!

Ex: Penguins using wings to swim, not fly.

Ex: Appendix, wisdom teeth, ____________

Homologous Structures:

structures that occur in different species that originated by _____________________ from a __________________________.

Evidence from Embryos:

Embryology: _____________________________________________________________________________________

DNA Similarities:

___________________________ are used to determine how closely two species are related by calculating the

number of differences between the species' DNA sequences or _____________________ sequences.

The fewer the differences, the __________________________________________________ from each other and began to evolve into different species

Ex: All organisms that use oxygen have the enzyme cytochrome c.

Types of Evolution:

Convergent:

NOT from _______________ common ancestor

Look similar because evolved to live in the ___________________________

Divergent:

Came from _______________________________.

Look different because they evolved to live in _________________________.