¿ what anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

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¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?. ¿ Who are vertebrates related to, and how are they related to each other ?. ¿ In what ecosystems do vertebrates occur ?. ¿ What are the roles of vertebrates in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems ?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?
Page 2: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

The vertebrate story…

Page 3: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

The vertebrate story…

Page 4: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

The vertebrate story…

Page 5: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

The vertebrate story…

Page 6: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?
Page 7: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

AgnathaExtinct:

*

*Mostly small fish 2cm (some up to 2m)

*

*4 openings on dorsal surface of head

* http://universe-review.ca/I10-27-jawlessfish.jpg

Page 8: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

AgnathaExtant: ______ and ________

*

*Hagfish are …

*Most Lamprey are…

http://www.exploretheabyss.com/photo/gallery/gallery/ds_trawl/images/HagfishLR.jpg

http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/world/images/lamprey.jpg

http://www.glaucus.org.uk/sea-lamprey-sucker-RL.jpg

Page 9: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://www.bio.uio.no/akv/english/research/mzk/benthos_pictures.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8pONkTyk2c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYRr_MrjebA&NR=1

Page 10: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://bakkouz.net/pix/Hagfish.jpg

http://sophont.blogspot.com/2004_02_01_archive.html

Page 11: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://www.uoregon.edu/~joet/Pictures-Pages/Image5.html

http://a.abcnews.com/Technology/AmazingAnimals/popup?id=4958186&contentIndex=1&page=6&start=false

http://www.gma.org/fogm/myxine_glutinosa.htm

Page 12: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

Broad-gilled Hagfishhttp://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/fishfacts/fish/ecirrhatus5.htm

http://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/fishfacts/fish/ecirrhatus6.htm

Broad-gilled Hagfish

Page 13: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

Page 14: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

Page 15: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

Page 16: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://www.daylife.com/photo/0g1T92TaxK623

http://www.daylife.com/photo/0e9DdRDaeV8qa

Page 17: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://www.gma.org/fogm/Petromyzon_marinus.htm

Page 18: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

Page 19: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://www.gma.org/fogm/Petromyzon_marinus.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boca_de_lamprea.1_-_Aquarium_Finisterrae.JPG

http://www.biology.duke.edu/bio217/2005/ncy/sea%20lamprey.html

Page 20: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2005/September/03100501.asp

Page 21: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ODFW/NativeFish/Lamprey.htm

Page 22: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Extant Jawless fishes…

Page 23: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Gnathostomes3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic:

1) ___________ (ex. Arthrodires) had large boney plates and paired fins

http://www.noaca.org/earlgeo.gif

http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosevol/imgArt/dioram/PaleozoDevon/Zimg/dicksonosteus.jpg

Page 24: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Gnathostomes3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic:

2) __________________ (cartilagenous fishes)*Includes …

*

*

*

http://www.lifeglobe.com/images/product/Sharks/sharks04_r2_c2.jpg

http://www.pangaeadesigns.com/_graphics/page/fish/large/ratfish.jpg

Page 25: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Gnathostomes3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic:

3) ___________________ (spiny and bony fishes)

* ______________s are (spiny fishes) are extinct

*Had skeleton of bone and cartilage

*Had …

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/R-acanthodians.gif

Page 26: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

OsteichthyansShared ancestors with tetrapods

*

*

Paired fins… either ray finned (_____________) or fleshy finned (___________)

http://www.paleodirect.org/fg009.htm

Page 27: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

ActinopterygiiBasal groups include …

http://www.hellscanyonsportfishing.com/images/sturgeon%20pictures/Kevin%20&%20Sturgeon%202.jpg

http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Polypterus_senegalus/whole/specimen.jpg

Page 28: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

ActinopterygiiAdvanced groups include …

http://www.sdafs.org/laafs/Amazing%20Fish%20Pictures/Big%20Alligator%20Gar%2009-03.JPG

Page 29: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

__________________*

2 major clades:

_________, extinct except “coelocanths”

___________ (and dipnoi)“lungfish”

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/34-14-Coelocanth.jpg

http://www.bertsgeschiedenissite.nl/geschiedenis%20aarde/lungfish.jpg

Page 30: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

______________*Paraphyletic group… omitting amniote descendants

*Extinct groups include Labrynthodonts (Ichthyostega)

*Extant group (Lissamphibia) includes:

______ (caecilians)

_________ (salamanders)

__________ (frogs)

http://news.siu.edu/news/May05/images/salamander.jpg

http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/wes/webquests_themes/frogs_theme/frogs_K/frog_species/barred/images/

barred_leaf_frog_jpg.jpg

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/media/Btaitanus-PC1b.jpg

Page 31: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

AmniotesGroup includes Reptiles and Synapsids

__________ (paraphyletic)

_________ (testudinea) “turtles”

__________ “tuatara”

__________ “lizards, snakes etc.”

____________ “crocodiles” etc.

____________ “birds”

Page 32: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

SynapsidsAmniotes with …

Page 33: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_______________ (echidnas and platypus)

_______________ (many forms, ex. kangaroos)

Page 34: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia________________ (shrews, moles etc.)

Page 35: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia______________ (sloths, anteaters and armadillos)

_______________ (single species… aardvark)

Page 36: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_____________ (single genus… Manis “pangolins”)

Page 37: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_______________ (bats)

Page 38: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_____________ (lemurs, monkeys, apes etc.

Page 39: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia______________ (pikas, hares and rabbits)

Page 40: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_________________ (largest mammalian order… rats etc.)

Page 41: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_______________ (diverse group)

Page 42: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_________________ (carnivores of the sea… seals etc.)

Page 43: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_______________ (odd-toed ungulates… horses, tapirs, rhinos)

Page 44: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia________________ (even-toed ungulates… sheep, deer, giraffes etc.)

Page 45: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_______________ (similar to rodents and ungulates ex. rock hyrax)

Page 46: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_______________ (elephants etc.)

Page 47: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia_______________ (manatees etc.)

Page 48: ¿ What anatomical/physiological features distinguish vertebrates?

Mammalia____________ (whales and company)