002 - modals - yds
DESCRIPTION
YDS öncesi son tekrar anlatımlarını ve çözüm ipuçlarını içermektedir.TRANSCRIPT
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
1
1. CAN&BEABLETO........................................................................................................................................................................2
2. COULD.................................................................................................................................................................................................3
3. MUST...................................................................................................................................................................................................4
4. HAVETO.............................................................................................................................................................................................5
5. SHOULD..............................................................................................................................................................................................6
6. HADBETTER....................................................................................................................................................................................7
7. MAY......................................................................................................................................................................................................8
8. MIGHT.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
9. PERFECTMODALS......................................................................................................................................................................10
10. WOULD.......................................................................................................................................................................................11
11. USEDTO.....................................................................................................................................................................................12
12. REVISION...................................................................................................................................................................................13
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
2
1. CAN&BEABLETO
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future
CANGENELYETENEK
1. IcanspeakChinese.
2. "COULD"adönerIcouldspeakChinesewhenIwasakid.
3. "BEABLETO"yadönerIwillbeabletospeakChinesebythetimeIfinishmycourse.
1.Ican'tspeakSwahili.
2."COULD"adönerIcouldn'tspeakSwahili.
3."BEABLETO"yadönerIwon'tbeabletospeakSwahili.
CANÖZELBİRDURUMDA
ZORLUĞUN
ÜSTESİNDEN
GELİRKEN
1.Withaburstofadrenaline,peoplecanpickupcars.
2."BEABLETO"yadönerWithasuddenburstofadrenaline,hewasabletoliftthecaroffthechild'sleg.
3."BEABLETO"yadönerWithasuddenburstofadrenaline,hewillbeabletoliftthecar.
1.Evenwithaburstofadrenaline,peoplecan'tpickupsomethingthatheavy.
2."BEABLETO"yadönerEventheweightlifter,couldn'tliftthecaroffthechild'sleg.
3."BEABLETO"yadönerEventhreemenworkingtogetherwon'tbeabletoliftthecar.
CANİMKAN,FIRSAT
1.Ihavesomefreetime.Icanhelphernow.
2."BEABLETO"yadönerIhadsomefreetimeyesterday.Iwasabletohelpheratthattime.
3.I'llhavesomefreetimetomorrow.Icanhelpherthen.
1.Idon'thaveanytime.Ican'thelpher now.
2."BEABLETO"yadönerIdidn'thavetimeyesterday.Iwasn'tabletohelpheratthattime.
3.Iwon'thaveanytimelater.Ican'thelpherthen.
CANİZİN
1.IcandriveSusan'scarwhensheisoutoftown.
2."BEALLOWEDTO"yadönerIwasallowedtodriveSusan'scarwhileshewasoutoftownlastweek.
3.IcandriveSusan'scarwhilesheisoutoftownnextweek.
1.Ican'tdriveSusan'scarwhensheisoutoftown.
2."BEALLOWEDTO"yadönerIwasn'tallowedtodriveSusan'scarwhileshewasoutoftownlastweek.
3.Ican'tdriveSusan'scarwhilesheisoutoftownnextweek.
CANRİCA
CanIhaveaglassofwater?Canyougivemealifttoschool?
RİCALARGENELLİKLEYAKINGELECEĞİİŞARETEDERLER.
Can'tIhaveaglassofwater?Can'tyougivemealifttoschool?
RİCALARGENELLİKLEYAKINGELECEĞİİŞARETEDERLER.
CANİHTİMAL
Anyonecanbecomerichandfamousiftheyknowtherightpeople.
Learningalanguagecanbearealchallenge.
BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.
Itcan'tcostmorethanadollarortwo. Youcan'tbe45!Ithoughtyouwereabout18
yearsold.
BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
3
2. COULD
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
AyrıcaKullanılabilir.
COULDİHTİMAL
1.Johncouldbetheonewhostolethemoney.2.Johncouldhavebeentheonewhostolethemoney.3.Johncouldgotojailforstealingthemoney.
1.Marycouldn'tbetheonewhostolethemoney.2.Marycouldn'thavebeentheonewhostolethemoney.3.Marycouldn'tpossiblygotojailforthecrime.
might,may
COULDIFCLAUSEKULLANIMI
1.IfIhadmoretime,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld.2.IfIhadhadmoretime,Icouldhavetraveledaroundtheworld.3.IfIhadmoretimethiswinter,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld.
1.EvenifIhadmoretime,Icouldn'ttravelaroundtheworld.2.EvenifIhadhadmoretime,Icouldn'thavetraveledaroundtheworld.3.EvenifIhadmoretimethiswinter,Icouldn'ttravelaroundtheworld.
COULDÖNERİ
1.PresentFormuyoktur.2.YoucouldhavespentyourvacationinHawaii.3.YoucouldspendyourvacationinHawaii.
Negativeformuyoktur.
COULDGEÇMİŞYETENEK
Icouldruntenmilesinmytwenties.IcouldspeakChinesewhenIwasakid.
"COULD"GEÇMİŞEYÖNELİKOLARAKBİRKEREDEGÖSTERDİĞİNİZYETENEİĞİNİZİBETİMLERKENKULLANILAMAZ.
Yesterday,IcouldBEABLETOliftthecouchbymyself.YANLIŞ
Icouldn'trunmorethanamileinmytwenties.Icouldn'tspeakSwahili.
"COULD"GEÇMİŞEYÖNELİKOLARAKBİRKEREDEGÖSTERDİĞİNİZYETENEİĞİNİZİBETİMLERKENKULLANILAMAZ.
Yesterday,Icouldn'tliftthecouchbymyself.DOĞRU
beableto
COULDKİBARRİCA
CouldIhavesomethingtodrink?CouldIborrowyourstapler?BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.
Couldn'thecomewithus?Couldn'tyouhelpmewiththisforjustasecond?BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.
can,may,might
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
4
3. MUST
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
AyrıcaKullanılabilir.
MUSTKESİNLİK
1.ThatmustbeJerry.Theysaidhewastallwithbrightredhair.
2.Thatmusthavebeentherightrestaurant.Therearenootherrestaurantsonthisstreet.
3.Gelecekyapısıyoktur.
1.ThatmustnotbeJerry.Heissupposedtohaveredhair.
2.Thatmustnothavebeentherightrestaurant.Iguessthereisanotheronearoundheresomewhere.
3.Gelecekyapısıyoktur.
haveto
MUSTNOTYASAKLAMA
Youmustnotswiminthatriver.It'sfullofcrocodiles.
Youmustnotforgettotakeyourmalariamedicationwhileyourareinthetropics.
YASAKLAMAGENELOLARAKYAKINGELECEĞEİŞARETEDER.
MUSTGÜÇLÜTAVSİYE
(USAkullanımıdahaziyadeSHOULD'dur
1.Youmusttakesometimeoffandgetsomerest.
2."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldhavetakensometimeofflastweektogetsomerest.
3."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldtakesometimeoffnextweektogetsomerest.
1.Youmustn'tdrinksomuch.It'snotgoodforyourhealth.
2."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldn'thavedrunksomuch.Thatcausedtheaccident.
3."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldn'tdrinkattheparty.Youaregoingtobethedesignateddriver.
should
MUSTGEREKLİLİK
(USAkullanımıdahaziyadeHAVETO'dur
1.Youmusthaveapermittoenterthenationalpark.
2."HAVETO"yadönerWehadtohaveapermittoenterthepark.
3.Wemustgetapermittoentertheparknextweek.
1."HAVETO" yadönerWedon'thavetogetapermittoenterthenationalpark.
2."HAVETO"yadönerWedidn'thavetogetapermittoenterthenationalpark.
3."HAVETO"yadönerWewon'thavetogetapermittoenterthenationalpark.
haveto
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
5
4. HAVETO
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
Ayrıca
Kullanılabilir.
HAVETO
KESİNLİK
(BUANLAMLAMUSTDAHASIKLIKLA
KARŞIMIZA
ÇIKMAKTADIR.)
1.ThathastobeJerry.Theysaidhewastallwithbrightredhair.
2.Thathastohavebeentherightrestaurant.Therewerenootherrestaurantsonthestreet.
3.Yoktur
1."MUST" adönerThatmustnotbeJerry.Theysaidhehasblondhair,notredhair.
2."MUST"adönerThatmustnothavebeentherightrestaurant.Iguesstherewasanotheronearoundtheresomewhere.
3.Yoktur
must,havegotto
HAVETO
GEREKLİLİK&ZORUNLULUK
1.Shehastoreadfourbooksforthisliteratureclass.
2.Shehadtofinishthefirstbookbeforethemidterm.
3.Shewillhavetofinishtheotherbooksbeforethefinalexam.
1.Shedoesn'thavetoread"GrapesofWrath."It'soptionalreadingforextracredit.
2.Shedidn'thavetowriteacritiqueof"TheScarletLetter."Shehadtogiveapresentationtoherclass.
3.Shewon'thavetotakeanyotherliteratureclasses.AmericanLiterature101istheonlyrequiredcourse.
must
UNUTMA:"Donothaveto"vs."Mustnot""Donothaveto"birşeyinyapılmakzorundaolunmadığınıifadeederken"Mustnot"isbirşeyiyapanınyasakolduğunuanlatır.
Examples:
Youmustnoteatthat.YASAKTIR,İZİNVERİLMEZ
Youdon'thavetoeatthat.EĞERİSTERSENYİYEBİLİRSİN,ZORUNLUDEĞİL.
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
6
5. SHOULD
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
AyrıcaKullanılabilir.
SHOULDTAVSİYE,ÖĞÜT
1.Peoplewithhighcholesterolshouldeatlow‐fatfoods.
2.Frankshouldhaveeatenlow‐fatfoods.Thatmighthavepreventedhisheartattack.
3.Youreallyshouldstarteatingbetter.
1.Sarahshouldn'tsmokesomuch.It'snotgoodforherhealth.
2.Sarahshouldn'thavesmokedsomuch.That'swhatcausedherhealthproblems.
3.Sarahshouldn'tsmokewhenshevisitsMarthanextweek.Marthahateswhenpeoplesmokeinherhouse.
oughtto
SHOULDDIŞARIDAN
GELEN
BEKLENTİ
Ishouldbeatworkbefore9:00.
Weshouldreturnthevideobeforethevideorentalstorecloses.
"SHOULD"ÖĞÜTİLEZORUNLULUKARASINDABİRANLAMDAİFADEEDEBİLİR.
"BESUPPOSEDTO"İSEBENZERBİRANLAMİFADEEDER;PASTFORMLARDAVEYAOLUMSUZYAPILARDAKOLAYLIKLAKULLANILABİLİR.
NEGATIVEFORMUYOKTUR.
besupposedto/beto
SHOULDBEKLENTİ
1.SusanshouldbeinNewYorkbynow.
2.SusanshouldhavearrivedinNewYorklastweek.Let'scallherandseewhatsheisupto.
3.SusanshouldbeinNewYorkbynextweek.HernewjobstartsonMonday.
1.Susanshouldn'tbeinNewYorkyet.
2.Susanshouldn'thavearrivedinNewYorkuntilyesterday.
3.Susanshouldn'tarriveinNewYorkuntilnextweek.
oughtto,besupposedto
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
7
6. HADBETTER
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
AyrıcaKullanılabilir.
HADBETTERÇOKGÜÇLÜTAVSİYE
1."SHOULD"veya"OUGHTTO"yadönerPeopleshouldunplugtoastersbeforetheycleanthem.
2."SHOULDHAVE"veya"OUGHTTOHAVE"yadönerYoushouldhaveunpluggedthetoasterbeforeyoutriedtocleanit.
3.Youhadbetterunplugthetoasterbeforeyoutrytocleanit.
1."SHOULD" veya "OUGHTTO"yadönerPeopleshouldn'tcleantoasterswithoutunpluggingthemfirst.
"SHOULDHAVE"veya"OUGHTTOHAVE"yadönerYoushouldn'thavecleanedthetoasterwithoutunpluggingitfirst.
3.Youhadbetternotcleanthetoasteruntilyouunplugit.
should,oughtto
HADBETTERÇOKGÜÇLÜUYARI,GİZLİTEHDİT
Themoviehadbetterendsoon.
Theyhadbetterbeherebeforewestartdinner.
Theyhadbetternotbelate.
TheyhadbetternotforgetTom'sbirthdaygift.
Or / otherwise
(otherwise cümle sonu “aksini”)
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
8
7. MAY
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past
3.=Future
AyrıcaKullanılabilir.
MAYİHTİMAL
1.Jackmaybeupset.Ican'treallytellifheisannoyedortired.
2.Jackmayhavebeenupset.Icouldn'treallytellifhewasannoyedortired.
3.Jackmaygetupsetifyoudon'ttellhimthetruth.
1.Jackmaynotbeupset.Perhapsheistired.
2.Jackmaynothavebeenupset.Perhapshewastired.
3.Jackmaynotgetupset,evenifyoutellhimthetruth
might
MAYİZİN
1.Youmayleavethetablenowthatyou'refinishedwithyourdinner.
2."BEALLOWEDTO"adönerYouwereallowedtoleavethetableafteryoufinishedyourdinner.
3.Youmayleavethetablewhenyoufinishyourdinner.
1.Youmaynotleavethetable.You'renotfinishedwithyourdinneryet.
2."BEALLOWEDTO"adönerYouwerenotallowedtoleavethetablebecauseyouhadn'tfinishedyourdinner.
3.Youmaynotleavethetableuntilyouarefinishedwithyourdinner.
can
MAYRİCAİZİN
MayIborrowyoureraser?
MayImakeaphonecall?
RİCALARGENELLİKLEYAKINGELECEĞİİŞARETEDERLER.
NEGATİVEFORMUYOKTUR can,might
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
9
8. MIGHT
Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future
Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future
Ayrıca
Kullanılabilir.
MIGHTİHTİMAL
1.Shemightbeonthebus.Ithinkhercarishavingproblems.
2.Shemighthavetakenthebus.I'mnotsurehowshegottowork.
3.Shemighttakethebustogethome.Idon'tthinkBillwillbeabletogiveheraride.
1.Shemightnotbeonthebus.Shemightbewalkinghome.
2.Shemightnothavetakenthebus.Shemighthavewalkedhome.
3.Shemightnottakethebus.ShemightgetaridefromBill.
could,may
MIGHTIFCLUASEKULLANIMI
1.IfIenteredthecontest,Imightactuallywin.
2.IfIhadenteredthecontest,Imightactuallyhavewon.
3.IfIenteredthecontesttomorrow,Imightactuallywin.Unfortunately,Ican'tenterit.
1.EvenifIenteredthecontest,Imightnotwin.
2.EvenifIhadenteredthecontest,Imightnothavewon.
3.EvenifIenteredthecontesttomorrow,Imightnotwin.
MIGHTRİCA
(UKİngilizcesikulanımı)
MightIhavesomethingtodrink?
MightIborrowthestapler?
RİCALARGENELLİKLEYAKINGELECEĞİİŞARETEDERLER.
NEGATİVEKULLANIMIÇOKNADİRDİR.
could,may,can
UNUTMA: "Could not" vs. "Might not" "Could not" birşeyin olmasının mümkün olmadığı durumları anlatırken "Might not" ise olup olmadığını bilmediğimiz durumları ifade eder. Örnekler;
Jack might not have the key. MAYBE HE DOES NOT HAVE THE KEY.
Jack could not have the key. IT İS İMPOSSİBLE THAT HE HAS THE KEY.
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
10
9. PERFECTMODALS
Kullanımı Anlam Örnekler Ayrıcakullanılabilir.
SHOULDHAVEDONE
Yapılmalıydıamayapılmadı
SusanshouldhavearrivedinNewYorklastweek.Let'scallherandseewhatsheisupto
SHOULDN'THAVEDONE
Yapılmamalıydıamayapıldı
Youshouldn'thavebeensofrankwithhim.
MUSTHAVEDONE
KesinyapılmıştırHemusthaveknownhowmuchitwasgoingtocost.
CAN'THAVEDONE
Kesinyapılmamıştır
A:"IheardthatSuzygotcaughtshopliftingyesterdayafternoon"
B:"Shecan'thavedoneit.SheandIwereatthemoviesallafternoon"
NEEDN'THAVEDONE
Yapılmasınagerekyoktuamayapıldı
Ineedn'thavepreparedallthatfood,becausetheyphonemetosaytheywouldn'tcome.
COULDHAVEDONE
Yapılabilirdiamayapılmadı
IcouldhavepassedmydrivingtestifI'dreallytried.
COULDN'THAVEDONE
İstenseydideyapılamazdı
Icouldn'tpossiblyhavepassedmydrivingtest,evenifI'dtriedharder.
MAYHAVEDONE
YapılmıştaolabilirYapılmamışta
Hemaynothavefoundoutyetthathehaspassedthetest.
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
11
10. WOULD
WOULD
PASTHABITX
USEDTO
•Geçmiştealışkanlıkolarakyapılmışyadatekraredilmişeylemlerinanlatımındakullanılır.
•USEDTOdurumifadesindedekullanılabilirkenWOULDsadecehareketbildireneylemlerinifadesindekullanılabilir.
Mygrandparentswouldusecandlestoilluminatetheirroom.
OttomanswouldorganizecampaignstoBalkanstoenlargetheirterritory.
IF •IF/CONDITIONALSTYPE2veTYPE3içindekullanılır.
Ifyouapprovedourourdesicions,Therewouldn’tbeanyconflictbetweenthedeputies.
IfSupporttroopshad’tarrivedinKing’sLandingontime,enemywouldhaveplunderedalthecity.
REPORTEDSPEECH
•SAIDveTOLDifadelerindensonrageçmiştekigelecekanlatımını(futureinthepast)durumlarıifadeederkenkullanılır.
KemaltoldmethatCarolwouldadmitallcrimesofthegangjustaftergettingpromiseofbeingfree.
OTHERS
•WOULDRATHER/PREFER
•WOULDYOUMIND(GERUND/IFT2)
•WOULD+ADJECTIVE
Iwouldratherstayathomethanworktoday.
Iwouldrathermydaughterdidn’tgetmarrytothisguy.
Iwouldratherhavelistenedtohimcarefully.
Iwouldprefertobeswimminginthepoolratherthanansweringalltheapplicante‐mailsnow.
Wouldyoumindpassingthesalt?(CANYOU?)
WouldyoumindIfIusedyourphone?(CANI?)
Iwouldbeamazing!(OLURDUanlamındakullanılır.)
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
12
11. USEDTOA. USEDTOgenelolarakalışkanlıklarınanlatımındakullanılmaktadır.
B. SadeceUSEDTOkullanılarakeldeedilencümlelergeçmişteyeralanalışkanlıklarınanlatımınıifadeeder.
C. AşağıdayeralandiğerUSEDTOkullanımlarınadikkatedelim.
USEDTO
ACCUSTOMEDTO
Turkishraidersusedtoattackneighborterritoriesatregularintervals.
GETUSEDTO Youhadbettergetusedtodrivingontheleftoffthewayinthe
UK.
BEUSEDTO
Iamusedtothesekindofrituelsbecausetheyaresimilartoours.
Melekwillgetusedtogettingupearly.
IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS
13
12. REVISION1. AttheendoftheFirstWorldWar,the
leadersofvictoriouscountriesgatheredatVersailles,andthere,they‐‐‐‐todecidewhatpenaltiesGermany,Austriaandotherallies‐‐‐‐.
A) tried/wouldhavetopay
B) hadtried/musthavepaid
C) weretrying/werepaying
D) usedtotry/mighthavepaid
E) couldtry/shouldhavepaid
2. Insomecases,we‐‐‐‐sufficientdataonoldevents,notbecauseofalackofimaginationbutbecausetheappropriatetechnology‐‐‐‐availableatthetime.
A) wouldnothave/isnot
B) shouldnothave/hadnotbeen
C) didnothave/hasnotbeen
D) donothave/wasnot
E) couldnothave/willnotbe
3. Thetraditionofsculptinginclay‐‐‐‐asearlyasAD800,andultimatelyit‐‐‐‐asthepointofdepartureforrelatedworksthatwerecastinmetal.
A) shouldhavedeveloped/hasserved
B) hasdeveloped/hadserved
C) mayhavedeveloped/served
D) wouldhavedeveloped/willserve
E) couldhavedeveloped/willhaveserved
4. Oneofthegreatadvancesofastronomyoverrecentyears‐‐‐‐thediscoveryofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem,anditisthefirstrealcluethatwe‐‐‐‐aloneintheuniverse.
A) isgoingtobe/mustn’tbe
B) is/werenot
C) hadbeen/willnotbe
D) was/wouldnotbe
E) hasbeen/maynotbe
5. Filmmusic‐‐‐‐significantinmanyways,ofcourse,butnotasmusic,whichiswhythepropositionthatbettercomposers‐‐‐‐betterfilmmusicisnotnecessarilytrue.
A) hadbeen/shallproduce
B) hasbeen/shouldhaveproduced
C) is/couldproduce
D) canbe/hadproduced
E) wouldbe/produced
6. Atthattime,sinceheraunt‐‐‐‐inthesameneighbourhoodshe‐‐‐‐heratleastonceaweek.
A) isliving/wouldvisit
B) haslived/hasvisited
C) lived/visits
D) wasliving/usedtovisit
E) lives/wasvisiting