01 mn1780eu09mn 0001 sbs overview
DESCRIPTION
sfsTRANSCRIPT
GSM Phase 1
GSM Phase2GSM Phase 1
GSM Phase 2+GSM Phase 2GSM Phase 1
1990 1993 1997
Backwards compatibility
Fig. 1 GSM Development (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 4)
Radio cell or cell or BTS Fig.
2 R
adio
cel
ls (M
N17
80E
U09
MN
_000
1 S
BS
Ove
rvie
w, 5
)
Mobile Subscriber Base Station Mobile Subscriber
Fig. 3 Mobile subscriber (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 6)
ME + SIM = MS
+ =
Fig. 4 Mobile Station (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 7)
GSM900/GSM1800/GSM1900 System
Operation & Maintenance Subsystem
Switching Subsystem Radio Subsystem
RSSSSS
OMS
SIEM ENSNIX DORF
Fig. 5 Major subsystems of a PLMN (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 11)
GSM900/GSM1800/GSM1900 System
Operation & Maintenance Subsystem
Radio Subsystem Switching Subsystem
BTSEHLR
OMC
EIRVLR
MSCAC
BTSE TRAUGSN
BTSE BSC
SIEMENSNIX DO RF
Fig. 6 Operation and maintenance subsystem (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 11)
Switching Subsystem (SSS)
HLR(GR) AC
MSC
VLR
GSN
EIR
Fig. 7 Network elements of the SSS (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 14)
RSS Switching Subsystem (SSS)
BTSE BSC
BTSETRAU
MSC MSC
PSTN
Fig. 8 Mobile services switching center (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 15)
RSS Switching Subsystem (SSS)
BTSE BSC
BTSETRAU
MSC MSC
PSTNVLR
RestrictionNone
ServiceTele
Subscriber234-8000
VLR
HLRSubscriber Data
RestrictionNone
BarredNoneNone
ServiceTeleTele
Tele/FaxTele/Fax
Subscriber234-8000234-8200234-2340234-2256
Fig. 9 Home and Visitor Location Register (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 17)
RSS Switching Subsystem (SSS)
BTSE BSC
BTSE TRAUMSC MSC
VLR VLR
HLRSubscriber Data
Subscriber DataRequest
PSTN
Fig. 10 Visitor location register: data request (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 17)
RSS Switching Subsystem (SSS)
BTSE BSC
BTSE TRAUMSC MSC
VLR VLR
HLR
PSTN
ACRAND SRES Kc
RAND
SRES
Fig. 11 Authentication (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 18)
RSS Switching Subsystem (SSS)
BTSE BSC
BTSETRAU
MSC MSC
VLR VLR
HLRAC
PSTN
IMEIEIR
Fig. 12 Equipment identification register (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 19)
IMEI
TypeApproval
Code(TAC)
FinalAssembly
Code(FAC)
SerialNumber(SNR)
SpareBit
(SP)
15 Digits
Fig. 13 International mobile equipment identity (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 20)
RSS Switching Subsystem (SSS)
BTSE BSC
BTSE TRAUMSC MSC
VLR VLR
HLRAC
PSTN
EIR
Black List
Unapprovedequipment,
because it isstolen ordefective.
Grey List
Approved butsuspiciousequipment.
Stolen?Defective?
EIR
? ? ?
IMEI
White List
Approved,error-free,
unsuspiciousequipment.
Fig. 14 Black, gray and white lists (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 21)
Mobile DTE
SGSNServing GPRSSupport Node
PSTN
InternetIntranet
X.25
GGSNGateway GPRSSupport Node
VMSC /VLR
GMSC
HLR
ISDNPCU
BSS
GPRS subscription data(GPRS Register GR)
GPRS Support NodesSGSN:
Interface to Base Station SystemGGSN:
Interface to Packet Data Network
Fig.
15
Pac
ket S
witc
hes
in th
e C
ore
Net
wor
k (M
N17
80E
U09
MN
_000
1 S
BS
Ove
rvie
w, 2
3)
Radio Subsystem (RSS)
BSS
To/fromSSS
To/fromOMS
MobileStation
Um
Fig. 16 Radio Subsystem RSS (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 27)
TranscoderandRate Adapter Unit
TRAU
Base StationController
BSC
Abis Asub
Base Station System BSS
A
S
G
S
N
M
S
C
Gb
PCU
BaseTransceiverStationEquipment
BTSE
Fig. 17 Base Station Subsystem BSS (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 27)
Lamp Panel
XTLP8
XTLP7
XTLP6
PPLD14
PPLD13
PPLD12
PPLD11
PPLD10
PPLD9
XTLP5
XTLP4
XTLP3
PPLD8
PPLD7
PPLD6
PPLD5
PPLD4
PPLD3
XTLP2
XTLPS1
PWRS1
PWRS0
PLLH0
XTLP1
PPCC1
PPLD1
PLLH1
XTLP0
PWRS1
PWRS0
XTLPS0
PPCC0
PPLD2
PPLD0
DK400
IXLT0
UBEX0
SNXX0
TDPC0
MEMT0
MPCC0
MPCC1
MEMT1
TDPC1
SNXX1
UBEX1
IXLT1
DK401
EXPANSION
Fuse and AlarmPanel
Base
Fig.
18
BS
C R
ack
Layo
ut (E
xam
ple:
BR
5.5
Har
dwar
e w
ithou
t PC
U) (
MN
1780
EU
09M
N_0
001
SB
S O
verv
iew
, 29)
Fig. 19 BS240 (indoor, left) and BS241 (outdoor, right) Base Racks (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 31)
Fig. 20 E-Micro BTS ("BS82") for indoor and outdoor use (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 31)
TPWR
0
TRAC
0
TRAC
1
TRAC
2
MSCI
0
BSCI
0
BSCI
1
MSCI
1
TRAC
3
TRAC
4
TRAC
5
TPWR
1
Fuse and Alarm Panel 0
Fuse and Alarm Panel 1
Fuse and Alarm Panel 2
Fuse and Alarm Panel 3
TRAU-0
TRAU-1
TRAU-2
TRAU-3
Fig.
21
TRA
U R
ack
(Not
e: D
edic
ated
TP
WR
mod
ules
are
not
requ
ired
for t
he la
test
TR
AU
har
dwar
e.)
(MN
1780
EU
09M
N_0
001
SB
S O
verv
iew
, 33)
BTSE TRAUBSC
SIEMENSNIXDORF
SIEMENSNIXDORF
LAN
OMC
O interface
LMT
T-Interface T-InterfaceT-Interface
Fig. 22 Operation & Maintenance Interfaces on Base Station System (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 34)
Mobile Station
Uplink
Downlink
Um
BTSE
Fig. 23 Um interface (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 38)
GSM 900
Uplink Downlink
GSM 1800
Uplink Downlink
GSM 1900
Uplink Downlink
GSM 1800 (DCS):
1710-1785 & 1805-1880 MHz
Duplex Distance:95 MHz
Primary GSM: 890-915 & 935-960 MHz
Extended GSM:880-915 & 925-960 MHz
Railway GSM:876-915 & 921-960 MHz
Duplex Distance:45 MHz
GSM 1900 (PCS):
1850-1910 & 1930-1990 MHz
Duplex Distance:80 MHz
1850 199019301910MHz
1710 188018051785MHz
880 960925915MHz
Fig. 24 Frequency ranges for GSM900, GSM1800 and GSM1900 (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 39)
(Extended)GSM 900
Uplink Downlink
GSM1800 (DCS)
GSM1900 (PCS)
880MHz
915MHz
925MHz
960MHz
1710MHz
1785MHz
1805MHz
1880MHz
1850MHz
1910MHz
1930MHz
1990MHz
C C C C. . . CCCC . . .
200kHz
200kHz
300 RFC (299 used)
375 RFC (374 used)
175 RFC (174 used)
Fig. 25 Radio frequency carriers for GSM900, GSM1800 (DCS) and GSM1900 (PCS) (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 40)
RFC 24RFC 32
RFC 8RFC 5RFC 2
RFC 17RFC 13
RFC 47RFC 40
RFC 24RFC 32
RFC 11RFC 47
RFC 8RFC 5RFC 2
reuse distance (~ 4 r)
Fig. 26 Radio frequency carriers and reuse distance (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 41)
RFC x
RFC yRFC x
RFC x
RFC y
TDMA Frame
(4.61
5 ms)
200 kHz 200 kHz
0 15 31
TDMA Frame(125 s)
PCM 30
RFC x
Fig. 27 Time division multiple access TDMA (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 42)
RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
10
12
34
56
7RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
20
12
34
56
7RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
30
12
34
56
7 RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
1RFC1RFC
174
RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC174
RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC3
RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC2
RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC3RFC
3RFC1
Uplink Downlink
FDMA FDMA
f
t
TDMA TDMA
FDD
Fig. 28 Frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access (t=time, f=frequency) (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 42)
RFC RFC
Physical Channel
Uplink Downlink
corresponding
TrafficChannel
TrafficChannel
Fig. 29 Physical channel (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 43)
Logical Channels
Traffic Channels
Full RateTCH/F
Half RateTCH/H
Signaling Channels
BroadcastControl
ChannelsBCCH
CommonControl
ChannelsCCCH
DedicatedControl
ChannelsDCCH
Fig. 30 Logical channels for circuit-switched traffic (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 44)
Logical ChannelsLogical Channels
Traffic ChannelsPacket Traffic Channels
Packet Associated
ControlChannel
Signaling ChannelsPacket Signaling Channels
Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBCCH
Packet Timing
AdvanceContr. Channel
Packet Data
TrafficChannel
Packet Common Control Channel
PCCCH
Fig. 31 Logical channels for packet-switched traffic (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 45)
Broadcast Control Channel BCCH
Frequency Correction Channel FCCH
Synchronization Channel SCH
Broadcast Control Channel BCCH
Cell Broadcast Channel CBCH
DL
DL
DL
DL
Common Control Channel CCCH
Random Access Channel RACH
Access Grant Channel AGCH
Paging Channel PCH
Notification Channel NCH
UL
DL
DL
DL
Dedicated Control Channel DCCH
Stand-alone DedicatedControl Channel SDCCH
Slow AssociatedControl Channel SACCH
Fast AssociatedControl Channel FACCH
DL & UL
DL & UL
DL & UL
Fig. 32 Signaling channels (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 47)
BTSE
BCCHcell identity: 262041422
Fig. 33 Example: Broadcast Channel information (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 48)
BTSE
RACHRequest of a SDCCH
12142341234
Fig. 34 Example: Random Access Channel (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 48)
BTSE
AGCHSDCCH provided
12142341234
Fig. 35 Example: Access Grant Channel (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 49)
BTSE
SDCCHControl Information
Fig. 36 Example: Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 50)
T
7
0
1
TT T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
TT
0 1 62 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 135 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2514
SSS
S
ST T
T
8 bursts per cycle time
T TCH
S SACCH
unused
Fig. 37 Traffic channel multiframe (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 53)
T
701
8 B P c y c l e t i m e
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 01
621 1
1 22 1
2 23 1
3 24 1
4 2
F C C H
S C H
B C C H
A G C H /P C Hd o w n li n k
R A C HU P L IN KUPLINK
DOWNLINK
Fig. 38 Signaling channel multiframe (including FCCH, SCH, BCCH and AGCH/PCH) (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 54)
iB0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 i B6 B7 B8 i B9 B10 B11 i
52 TDMA Frames = PDCH Multiframe
4 Frames 1 Frame
B0 - B11 = Radio Blocks (Data / Signalling)i = Idle frame
• BCCH indicates PDCH with PBCCH (in B0) • DL: this PDCH bears PDCCH & PBCCH
PBCCH in B0 (+ max. 3 further blocks; indicated in B0) PBCCH indicates PCCCH blocks & further PDCHs with PCCCH
• UL: PDCH with PCCCH: all blocks to be used for PRACH, PDTCH, PACCH PDCH without PCCCH: PDTCH & PACCH only
Idle frame:• Identification of BSICs• Timing Advance Update Procedure• Interference measurements for Power Control
Fig. 39 GPRS multiframes (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 55)
7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 . . .
T3
Coded Bits58
Training Sequence26
Coded Bits58
T3
GP8.25
. . .
Normal Burst
Fig. 40 Normal burst (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 57)
3T
57Encrypted
1S
26Training
1S
57Encrypted
3T
8.25GP
8T
41Synch. Sequence
36Encrypted
3T
68,25GP
3T
142Fixed Bits
3T
8.25GP
3T
39Encrypted
64 ExtendedTraining Sequence
39Encrypted
3T
8.25GP
3T
58Mixed Bits
26Training
58Mixed Bits
3T
8.25GP
Normal Burst
Access Burst
Frequency Correction Burst
Synchronization Burst
Dummy Burst
Bursts on Um interface:
Duration 577 s or 156.25 bit
Fig. 41 Burst formats (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 57)
SIEMENS
MSBTSE
1
2
2
Fig. 42 Multipath propagation (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 61)
Rx- Sensitivity
Distance
Receive Level approx. 17 cm at 900 MHz
(λ/2)
(Fast)Fading Dips
Fig. 43 RX level due to multipath propagation (fast fading) (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 61)
frame 0 frame 1 frame 2 frame 3 frame 4 frame 5
RFC 1
RFC 2
RFC 3
RFC 4
RFC 5
TDMA frame4,615 ms
Timeslot0,577 ms
Fig. 44 Frequency hopping with 5 frequencies (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 63)
Diversity Combining(CU/TPU)
Rx Path#0 Rx Path#1
RX Signal
Ca. 20
Fig. 45 Horizontal antenna diversity (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 64)
BTSE
SIEMENS
Distance D2
Distance D1
Power Out 1
Power Out 2
Fig. 46 RF power control (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 65)
BSC 2
1
23
BSC 1
MSC1
Fig. 47 Types of handovers (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 67)
BTS-5GSM1800
BSC
BTS-4GSM 1800
BTS-3GSM 900
BTS-2GSM 900
BTS-1GSM 900GSM1800
BTS-0GSM 900
Fig.
48
Net
wor
k w
ith m
ixed
cel
l con
figur
atio
n G
SM
900/
GS
M18
00 (M
N17
80E
U09
MN
_000
1 S
BS
Ove
rvie
w, 6
8)
f5
f2
f6
f3
f4
f1
BTSE
complete areainner area
Fig. 49 Sectored concentric cells with inner and complete area (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 69)
Umbrella Cell GSM 900 Layer 5
Macro Cell GSM 900 Layer 4
Small Cell GSM 900 Layer 3
Pico Cell GSM 900/1800 Layer 1
Micro Cell GSM 900/1800Layer 2
Fig. 50 Multiple layer network (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 70)
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
BSCMSC/ VLR
HLR
Railway PBANetwork
ATC Center
OMC-S OMC-B
BTSE
BTSE
BTSE
TRAU
Cell #1
Cell #2
Cell #3
Fig. 51 GSM-Railway network structure (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 71)
Data transmissionin GSM Phase 2+
TS 1 •••• 8
Phase 1/2: max 9.6 kbit/s (per TS)
HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE: combining 1 - 8 TS
HSCSD (Circuit-Switched): 14.4 kbit/sno HW changes, but high demand on radio resources
GPRS (Packet-Switched): 9.05 ... 21.4 kbit/sHW and protocol changes, resource efficient
EDGE (CS / PS): max 43.2 / 59.2 kbit/snew modulation type: 8-PSK instead of GMSK
Fig. 52 Data transmission in Phase 2+ (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 75)
115.2 kbit/s
High-SpeedCircuit SwitchedData
14.4 kbit/s
GeneralPacketRadio Service 171.2 kbit/s
21.4 kbit/s
345.6 kbit/s
473.6 kbit/s
EnhancedDataRates for GSMEvolution
ECSD
EGPRS
43.2 kbit/s
59.2 kbit/s
Fig. 53 Netto transmission rates for HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 75)
9.6 kbit/s / 14.4 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
57.6 kbit/s
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data HSCSD
Advantages:
+ high data rates+ multislot operation+ no new network elements+ only software modification
Disadvantages:
- inefficient for bursty traffic- new MS required
Fig. 54 High-speed circuit switched data - main features (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 77)
ME45 GPRS capable,
Dual Band
S40HSCSD capable,
Triple Band
Fig. 55 GPRS and HSCSD Phones (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 79)
GGSN
SGSN & GGSN
SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN serves MSs in SGSN area Mobility Management functions, e.g Update Location, Attach, Paging,.. Security and access control: Authentication, Cipher setting, IMEI Check... New cipher algorithm Routing / Traffic-Management collecting charging data realises Interfaces: Gn, Gb, Gd, Gp, Gr, Gs, Gf
Gateway GPRS Support Node SGSN Gi-,Gn-Interface: Interworking PLMN PDN Routing Information for attached GPRS user Screening / Filtering collecting charging data optional Gc interface
Fig.
56
SG
SN
and
GG
SN
(MN
1780
EU
09M
N_0
001
SB
S O
verv
iew
, 81)
MS BSS SGSN GGSN PDN TE
GGSN
other PLMN
SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC
MSC/VLR HLR/(GR)
SM-SC
EIRSGSNGp Gf
Gi
GrGc
Gn
GbUm
Gs
GdE C
A
D
GPRS - Architecture:Interfaces Signaling only
Signaling & Data transmission
Gn
Fig. 57 GPRS (and GSM) Interfaces (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 83)
Packet Control Unit PCU• Channel Access Control functions• Radio Channel Management functions (Power Control, Congestion Control,...)• scheduling data transmission (UL/DL)• protocol conversion (Gb<-->Um)
GPRS-MS: operational mode• Class-A: MS attached to GPRS and non-GPRS, simultaneous handling • Class-B: as A, not simultaneously• Class-C: GPRS only
Um Abis
CCU
CCU
BTS BSC site GSN site
PCUMS
Gb
Channel Codec Unit CCU• Channel Coding (FEC, interleaving,..)• Radio Channel Measurement functions (received quality & signal level, TA,..)
Fig.
58
PC
U, C
CU
, MS
(MN
1780
EU
09M
N_0
001
SB
S O
verv
iew
, 85)
GSM RF:GPRS Layer 1 (Um)
L1-tasks
Transmissionof user &
signaling data
determinate &actualize
Timing Advance
Cell SelectionMeasure
signal strength
Power Controlfunctions Resource optimization:
1 physical channel to be usedby many MSs simultaneously !!
asymmetrical trafficUL / DL possible !!
High data rate trafficup to 171.2 kbit/s:
combining 1..8 PDCH for 1 MS !!
Allocation of physical channel(Packet Data Channel PDCH)
dynamically: 1 or 4 Radio Blocks(1 Radio Block = 4 Normal Burst in 4 consecutive TDMA-frames)
User & signalling data of several MSs statistically to be multiplexed into 1 PDCH
(also fixed allocation possible)
Fig. 59 Radio Interface (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 87)
9,05 kbit/s
13,4 kbit/s
15,6 kbit/s
21,4 kbit/s
CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4
CS & PS (GPRS):“capacity on demand”
Physical channel of one cell
GPRS-MSs:sharing physical channel
GPRS-MSs:combining 1-8 TS
Common coding of 4 Bursts(Radio Block)
Up to171,2 kbit/s(theoretically)
1 - 8channel
GPRS-MSs:asymmetric UL / DL
Fig. 60 Coding Schemes (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 89)
collectuser data
signaling
RLC Data Block BCSMAC Header
RLC/MAC Control Block BCSMAC Header
Convolutionalcoding
(not CS-4)
Radio Block
Radio Block
BCS: Block Code Sequence(for error recognition)
Radio Block
(Redundancy !)rate 1/2 convolutional coding
Radio Block (456 Bits)puncturingPuncturing
(only CS-2, CS-3)
MAC: Medium Access ControlRLC: Radio Link Control
Interleaving 57 Bit 8 Burst-blocks57 Bit 57 Bit 57 Bit57 Bit•••
Um: Allocation of PDCH for 1 / 4 Radio Blocks = 4 / 16 Normal Bursts
Fig. 61 Channel coding (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 89)
T T GP57+1 information bits 57+1 information bitsTS
T T GP57+1 information symbols 57+1 information symbolsTS
every symbol contains 3 bits
TS training sequenceT tail bitsGP guard period
x 3
Fig. 62 Normal bursts in GSM (upper) and EDGE (lower) (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 91)
I
Q1
0
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
1 bit per symbol
Symbol rate: 270.833 ksym/sPayload/burst: 114 bitGross rate: 22.8 kbit/s
I
Q(0,0,0)
(0,1,1)(0,1,0)
(1,1,1)(1,1,0)
(0,0,1)
(1,0,1)(1,0,0)
8-Phase Shift Keying
3 bit per symbol
Symbol rate: 270.833 ksym/sPayload/burst: 346 bitGross rate: 69.2 kbit/s
Fig. 63 Comparison of GSM modulation (left) and EDGE modulation (right) (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 91)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 20 3025155
Through-put in kbit/s
C/I in dB
MCS-1 (C) MCS-2 (B)MCS-3 (A)MCS-4 (C) MCS-5 (B)
MCS-6 (A)
MCS-7 (B)
MCS-8 (A)MCS-9 (A)
Fig. 64 Link adaptation (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 95)
Fig. 65 Incremental redundancy (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 96)
r r '
rFig. 66 (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 99)
BTS(LMU
type B)BSC MSC /
VLRG-
MLCExternal
LCS Client
LMUType A CBC S-
MLCS-
MLC
HLRLMUType B
G-MLC
Abis
Abis
A
Lg
Lg Le
Lp
Lh
LbCBC-BSC
CBC-SMLC
Um
Um
D
MLC Mobile Location Center (Serving/Gateway) LMU Location Measurement UnitLx LCS Interfaces
DifferentPLMN
Ls
Fig. 67 Location Services (Architecture acc. to ETSI) (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 103)
BTS BSC MSC / VLR
G-MLC
External LCS Client
LMUType B
S-MLC
S-MLC
HLRG-MLC
Abis A
Lg
Lg Le
Lp
Lh
Lb
Um
D
MLC Mobile Location Center (Serving/Gateway) LMU Location Measurement UnitLx LCS Interfaces
Abis
Fig. 68 LCS Architecture supported by SBS (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 105)
BTS
MS
r
Measurementerror margin
r
• to assist other positioning methods („fall back“) or e.g. for home zone billing
• transfer of TA (from serving BTS) and Cell ID
• in idle and dedicated mode
• result is ring (omni cell) or ring sector (sectorized)
TA=1 (bit) corresponds to a distance of 550 m
Fig. 69 Cell ID / Timing Advance - Basics (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 107)
BTS
BTS
LMU
SYNC
Measurementerror margin
MS
RTDs
SYNC
OTDs
BTS
• MS receives synch bursts from min 3 BTSand reports Observed Time Differences
• LMU receives synch bursts from same BTS as MS and reports their Real Time Differences
• S-MLC calculates MS position by intersection of 2 hyperbolas(input: OTD from MS, RTD from LMU,BTS positions)
Fig. 70 Enhanced Observed Time Difference - Basics (MN1780EU09MN_0001 SBS Overview, 109)