01 - outside cover · 2019. 9. 6. · volume i section iii-iii - europe volume i section iii-iii -...

Volume I Section III-III - Europe

Volume I Section III-III - Europe 1

Albania FY 2009 FY 2010

Program Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 60 60 12 $527,315 0 0 0 $0.00

DOHS/USCG 46 46 3 $34,420 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 88 88 1 $973,977 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 95 75 48 $1,223,420 0 0 0 $0.00

Non-SA, UC, JCET

0 0 0 $0.00 0 0 1 $700,000

Regional Centers 238 238 24 $264,200 0 0 0 $0.00

Service Academies

3 3 3 $73,519 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 530 510 90** $3,096,851 0 0 1 $700,000 **Course count does not total correctly as individual courses were reported under multiple programs.

As one of the newest members of NATO, Albania has proven to be a staunch ally of the United States and NATO in Southeastern Europe, as well as a reliable ally in U.S. overseas contingency operations, consistently increasing the size and scope of force deployments. Albania continues to participate with the European Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR), KFOR in Kosovo, Iraq, and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan, where they are undertaking their first operational combat mission without caveats alongside U.S. forces. The Government of Albania has also assisted in the fight against terrorism by resettling eight individuals who had been detained by the U.S. Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay and determined no longer to be enemy combatants, an important humanitarian gesture. Albania has also taken a leading role in regional security issues, most visibly by embarking on an ambitious demilitarization program to rid the country of old, unstable, and excess munitions by 2013. A primary U.S. goal in Albania is to use the currently positive atmosphere to hasten Albania’s integration into NATO’s overall structure while helping create long-term stability in Albania and the region.

To this end, military to military will be the basis for USG assistance with continued focus to remain on capacity building and sustainability within the Ministry of Defense (MoD) and their ability to implement and execute strategic planning and force structure development. USG activities in FY 2010 will focus on providing technical assistance, training and guidance to the MoD in the form of senior leadership development, policies and procedures in the managerial process, assistance in planning, execution and analytical capabilities and increased capabilities in their ability to plan and execute logistical and budgetary development processes. USG will also coordinate efforts to provide training for their NCO and Officer Corps to better align them with NATO standards of operation and to professionalize the service as Albania completes the transition to an all volunteer force. Assistance will also be provided to improve procurement and modernization programs. USG will also continue to monitor ongoing efforts in the areas of demilitarization and defense reform.

Previous USG funded training (FMF, IMET) included mobile training teams to provide cost-effective training in-country. Courses included Basic English language instruction, lieutenant and captain basic and career courses in the infantry, military police, signal, intelligence, and quartermaster fields, as well as defense acquisition management, logistics, NCO development, and other specialties. Several Albanian officers have received advanced training at the Army and other War Colleges. Many senior officials, to include the CHOD, Deputy CHOD, and several members of the Ministry and Parliament are graduates of U.S. funded trainings and other key civilians have received Masters level education at the Naval Postgraduate School and other institutions.

Albanian military officers continue to receive training under the CTFP. This program better equips Albanian institutions to be an effective partner in the fight against terrorism. This effort will continue as long as CTFP funding is provided for this purpose.



The New Jersey National Guard (NJ NG) is Albania’s State Partner and carried out a robust program that was cited by the Albanian Minister of Defense as providing critical assistance in helping Albania gain NATO membership in 2009. The NJ NG continues to help Albanian integrate fully into NATO and is training to conduct a joint Operational Mentor Liaison Team.

Albanian soldiers and civilian defense officials also have received U.S.-funded instruction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses, conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe.



Armenia FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 4 4 3 $34,950 0 0 0 $0.00

FMF 72 70 5 $1,039,487 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 42 24 42 $563,312 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers

74 74 22 $199,946 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 192 172 72 $1,837,695 0 0 0 $0.00

The United States hopes to promote peace, stability, democracy, and economic prosperity in the South Caucasus and a stable, prosperous, and independent Armenia is critical to advancing U.S. national interests and promoting regional goals. U.S. objectives are served by assisting Armenia in reforming its military technology and armed forces to support defense reform and NATO interoperability.

Prior to 9/11, section 907 of the Freedom Support Act prohibited most USG assistance to the Government of Azerbaijan. As a matter of even-handedness, previous Administrations extended Section 907's restrictions to security assistance for Armenia. After 9/11, Congress granted the President the authority to waive section 907 on an annual basis. Most recently exercised in February 2010, the waiver has permitted USG to provide security assistance to Armenia. The Administration carefully reviews all security assistance with Armenia and Azerbaijan to ensure that it does not disturb the military balance between the two nor undermine efforts for a peaceful resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

As one facet of our strategic objectives, we continue to urge Armenia to expand its cooperation in NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) and the Partnership for Peace (PfP). Armenia ratified a PfP Status of Forces Agreement in April 2004 and agreed to an Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) with NATO in December 2005. Over the last two years, Armenia has received very high marks from visiting NATO delegations. Armenia has provided troops to NATO led Kosovo Force (KFOR), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and most recently International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan.

Since 2002, Armenian soldiers and civilian defense officials also have received U.S.-funded instruction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany.



Austria FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 4 4 1 $2,444 0 0 0 $0.00

Exchange 3 1 3 $0.00 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 15 11 11 $49,658 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers

9 9 7 $23,079 0 0 0 $0.00

Service Academies 4 4 1 $0.00 2 2 1 $4,000

Totals: 35 29 23 $75,181 2 2 1 $4,000

Austria, despite its declared official neutrality, remains an important European defense and security partner for the United States. Austria approves approximately 16,000 U.S. military over-flights per year, as well as an average of 30-40 ground transits a week in support of U.S. forces stationed in Europe. It is an active participant in United Nations, European Union and NATO-led peacekeeping and humanitarian operations around the world, and the United States continues to encourage Austria to enhance and expand its military contributions further. Austria currently has more than 1,300 military personnel deployed overseas: 293 soldiers in operation ALTHEA European Union Force (EUFOR) in Bosnia; a 556-man mechanized infantry battalion to the NATO led Kosovo Force (KFOR); one staff officer to International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan; and 372 soldiers to the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) in the Golan Heights. In 2008, Austria deployed 160 soldiers to Chad as part of the EUFOR humanitarian mission to guard refugee camps near the border with Sudan. This mission ended in December 2009.

Training via Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and the Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP), Professional Military Education (PME) opportunities, as well as engagement in DoD’s Regional Centers and the Service Academies remain a critical tool for the United States to ensure Austria is engaged in international security efforts and that it is militarily capable of contributing to coalition operations.

Public Law 104-164 prohibits the United States from providing Foreign Military Financing (FMF) or International Military Education and Training (IMET) to certain high-income countries, including Austria. Therefore, Austria procures training for its Ministry of Defense officials on a cash basis, through FMS. Much of the technical training provided is in direct support of U.S. equipment sales to Austria; this includes training related to its fleet of nine Black Hawk helicopters. The Austrian armed forces are also eager to benefit from United States military experience and routinely send personnel to U.S. training events, particularly in the area of medical support and electronic warfare.

Despite its status as a self-payer, Austria continues to recognize the value of sending its personnel to various PME courses, including the U.S. Army and Air Force Staff and War Colleges, Regional Centers, as well as through a military cadet exchange program. These opportunities add an important political dimension to our military-to-military contacts and improve Austrian understanding of the social and economic factors that affect our relationship. In addition, PME promotes understanding of U.S. strategy, doctrine, leadership and tactics in the deployment of allied resources across the entire spectrum of international conflict.



Azerbaijan FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 8 8 6 $187,920 0 0 0 $0.00

DOHS/USCG 10 2 5 $104,324 0 0 0 $0.00

FMF 671 671 5 $268,128 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 22 22 1 $8,320 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 66 33 65 $1,216,168 0 0 0 $0.00

Non-SA, UC, JCET

40 40 1 $39,920 40 40 1 $205,000

Regional Centers

93 93 24 $247,316 0 0 0 $0.00

Service Academies 2 2 2 $73,519 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 912 871 109 $2,145,615 40 40 1 $205,000

Azerbaijan is a key partner of the United States in overseas contingency operations. Its cooperative efforts include civilian and military contributions to international efforts in Afghanistan, including contributing personnel to the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). Azerbaijan is a critical hub on the cargo supply line to Afghanistan, and has granted blanket over-flight rights for U.S. aircraft en route from Central Europe to the Middle East and Afghanistan. Azerbaijan has also contributed personnel to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Kosovo Force (KFOR).

Our long-term security cooperation objectives are aimed at enhancing this mutually beneficial partnership by increasing Azerbaijan’s ability to operate with coalition forces, secure its own borders and energy resources, interdict the flow of transnational threats across the Caspian Sea to the West, and promote institutional reform and democratization. To this end, we intend to take advantage of key defense engagement opportunities with Azerbaijan to improve not only their maritime domain awareness, but also their maritime response capability and to continue to improve the interoperability of the Peacekeeping Battalion as they participate in ISAF operations. The U.S. will use International Military Education and Training (IMET) to continue the education of junior military officers and border security forces in U.S./NATO tactics and procedures to ensure greater interoperability in the field and foster a generational shift in the way the Azerbaijani officers view Western concepts of a more professional, civilian-controlled military.

Azerbaijan’s participation in IMET-funded training also exposes it to U.S. values and culture. The Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP) program is also aimed at this objective, and additionally serves as a means for educating young Counterterrorism (CT) policy-makers on the benefits of Western-style institutional reforms. Foreign Military Financing (FMF) has been used to enhance the capabilities of Azerbaijan’s peacekeepers to serve in coalition operations, as well as to enhance the capabilities of the Azerbaijani Navy and Air Force. The Oklahoma National Guard has provided training to Azerbaijan's military forces since becoming Azerbaijan's partner in the State Partnership Program in 2002. All of these initiatives are part of a broader U.S. effort to promote regional stability, democracy, and institutional reform within Azerbaijan.

Prior to 9/11, Section 907 of the FREEDOM Support Act prohibited most USG assistance to the Government of Azerbaijan. After 9/11, Congress granted the President the authority to waive section 907 on an annual basis. The President exercised this authority for the first time in 2002 and has continued to do so, most recently in February 2010. The Administration carefully reviews all security assistance with Armenia and Azerbaijan to ensure that it does not disturb the military balance between the two nor undermine efforts for a peaceful resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.



In FY 2010, Azerbaijani officials plan to continue participating in George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies conferences and courses. U.S. military relations in Azerbaijan are in the development stage, but Azerbaijan has demonstrated a strong level of support for the U.S. fight against terrorism efforts, to include vital exchanges of information on international terrorism. CTFP has proven a vital tool for increasing positive results from this extensive cooperation, and it continues to help Azerbaijan build the institutional tools necessary to withstand threats posed by international terrorist organizations working in Central Asia and the Caspian Region, as well as the destabilizing influences from neighboring Iran.

Azerbaijan has sent its officials to numerous courses, to include English language training, civil-military relations, terrorism security studies, response to terrorism, and diver and underwater explosive ordnance disposal training. In the coming years, the Office of Defense Cooperation in Baku hopes to increase the number of Azerbaijani CT planners and mid-level policy makers that attend CTFP training in order to make local institutions stronger, and continue robust bilateral cooperation with the United States.



Belarus FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Regional Centers

5 5 3 $1,210 0 0 0 $0.00


Totals: 6 6 4 $71,771 0 0 0 $0.00

The United States has an interest in seeing Belarus evolve into a state characterized by democratic rule and respect for human rights. As part of the U.S. Selective Engagement Policy, adopted after the illegal electoral referendum in Belarus in 1996, the primary goal of U.S. foreign assistance is to support the country’s evolution into a democracy based on the rule of law and respect for human rights. Assistance programs work to increase the capacity of civil society, strengthen independent media, support private sector growth and the development of a free market economy, and encourage improvements in health and social services.

However, mid-level military officers and officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are being nominated and sent to attend George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies courses. This is being done in order to expose potential future leadership of the respective ministries to democratic ideals and educate them on the proper interaction of the various power structures in a democracy. The Department of State also allows representatives from civil society and the democratic opposition to participate to ensure the entire spectrum of political society is represented, trained, and offered the opportunity to exchange ideas and points of view.



Bosnia & Herzegovina FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 42 40 10 $176,157 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 193 193 1 $178,447 0 0 0 $0.00

GPOI 145 145 3 $113,441 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 104 69 70 $1,600,228 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers

176 176 31 $233,972 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 660 623 115 $2,302,245 0 0 0 $0.00

In 2005, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) enacted a comprehensive defense reform legislative package that abolished the entity armies and Ministries of Defense (MODs) and created a unified, multi-ethnic, professional command and control structure. The legislation was drafted by the High Representative’s Defense Reform Commission, which issued a report advocating far-reaching defense reforms that would enable BiH to become a credible candidate for full NATO membership. Many of those reforms remain incomplete. With passage of the defense reform law, U.S. military assistance is now being provided in direct support of implementation of its reforms, to include establishment and training of the MOD, Joint Staff, Operational Command, and other state-level assets, and integration of entity defense institutions and assets into the state structure. Additional assistance is being directed to assist BiH in deploying units to foreign peacekeeping missions, including plans to deploy infantry in support of ISAF in October 2010.

Training Bosnian forces through the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program emphasizes the professional development of junior and mid-level officers (Army advanced courses and command and general staff colleges), and non-commissioned officers (Army Sergeants Major Academy). Training is also provided for mid- to upper-level officials in the defense sector. Training activities support the development of the new state Ministry of Defense and Joint Staff, and other state-level defense structures in furtherance of efforts to meet NATO’s requirements for Partnership for Peace (PfP) membership.

One of the key objectives of U.S. assistance is to help BiH develop the capability to work with other European and NATO nations in maintaining regional stability and participating in peacekeeping operations. Knowledge of English is fundamental to this effort and the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP) has provided the funding needed to obtain the equipment to support this effort. This will help to create a cadre of senior and mid-level officials capable of working with the United States in combating violent extremism. The U.S. country team is coordinating the efforts of all agencies in support of Counterterrorism (CT) training. BiH used CTFP funding for a program on terrorism security studies and a Mobile Education Team (MET) on civil-military relations. IMET-funded training focused on English language training, officer and non-commissioned officer Professional Military Education (PME), and specialized skills training. The goal is to educate the leadership of BiH CT organizations at the highest level possible. Violent extremism is a growing concern in BiH, and responsible organizations must learn how to identify terrorists and their networks. In addition, they also need to understand the legalities of CT and how to eliminate terrorist activity in BiH effectively.

BiH civilian defense officials have received U.S.-funded instruction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses, conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe.



Croatia FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 62 62 9 $254,185 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 10 8 7 $47,681 0 0 0 $0.00

GPOI 1 1 1 $782 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 43 22 42 $666,176 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-X 1 1 1 $7,187 0 0 0 $0.00

Non-SA, UC, JCET

344 344 1 $44,296 0 0 2 $557,000

Regional Centers

121 121 22 $154,186 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 582 559 83 $1,174,493 0 0 2 $557,000

Helping Croatia fully integrate into Euro-Atlantic institutions is vital to ensuring the long-term stability of Croatia and the entire region. Our military training efforts continue to be a valuable tool in pursuing these objectives. Croatia signed the Adriatic Charter with Albania and Macedonia in 2003, pledging to work together towards the goal of NATO membership. This effort culminated in Croatia receiving a membership invitation at the NATO Summit in Bucharest in April 2008, and then officially joining the NATO alliance on April 1, 2009. During this time, Croatian contributions to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) had steadily grown, from a ceiling of 200 troops in 2007 to 320 in 2010. Croatia had also deployed the only non-NATO Operational Mentoring and Liaison Team (OMLT) in ISAF from 2006 to 2009. By August 2010, Croatia plans to send an increased number of OMLTs, POMLTs and trainers to ISAF.

Previous International Military Education and Training (IMET) programs had supported Croatia’s NATO ambitions and helped complete the accession process while fostering appreciation among Croatian military officials for the proper role of the armed forces in a democracy. IMET-trained officers helped initiate implementation of basic defense reforms, including enhanced civilian control of the military.

In FY 2003, the IMET program focused on the professionalization and democratization of the Croatian armed forces. In FY 2004, 2005, and 2006, IMET funds were allocated but reprogrammed because Croatia was prohibited by § 2007 of the American Service-members’ Protection Act (ASPA) of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 7426) from receiving military assistance. Since ASPA was amended to remove the prohibition on IMET, Croatia began receiving IMET in FY 2007. Croatia is the only ISAF partner and new NATO member that accomplished its transformation and financed ISAF commitments without Foreign Military Financing (FMF) and IMET.

Croatia is committed to implementing the military reforms expected of a full-fledged NATO member. On January 1, 2008 Croatia abandoned military conscription and finished its transition to a fully professional army. IMET helps broaden and deepen current attitudinal changes in the Croatian military and helps build a cadre of officers and non-commissioned officers throughout the command structure ready to implement restructuring with the goal of creating a national armed forces fully integrated into NATO’s collective security and expeditionary missions. It is crucially important to increase IMET and FMF funding to Croatia as NATO’s newest member, particularly due to the effect of ASPA sanctions on both programs. In FY 2009-2010, IMET-funded programs will continue to focus on the objectives described above so as to continue professionalization of the armed forces, as well as assist the Ministry of Defense in meeting its NATO goals. This effort would include addressing specific NATO-member goals, such as deployable niche capabilities and personnel resource management. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) would supplement FMF to enhance NATO-compatible communications (through the continued purchase of tactical radios), interoperability, and expanding support for English language training.



Croatian soldiers and civilian defense officials also have received U.S.-funded instruction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses, conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe.



Cyprus FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 25 25 1 $59,787 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 25 25 1 $59,787 0 0 0 $0.00

Cypriot officials work in partnership with the United States in many areas of national security concern. Established policy and Arms Export Control Act regulations preclude U.S. military assistance to entities on the island, which increases the militarization of the island. On a limited basis the Department of Defense has received approval for engagement activity with the Republic of Cyprus, including U.S. Coast Guard training related to port security. This activity is clearly in the U.S. national interest and does not increase the military capabilities of either side. There are plans to repeat this successful engagement in FY2010.



Finland FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 2 2 1 $5,054 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 63 47 24 $1,047,689 0 0 0 $0.00


Totals: 70 54 28 $1,057,697 0 0 0 $0.00

Although not a NATO member, Finland is an active participant in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and a solid partner with the United States in many areas of national security concern. It is actively engaged in the Balkans, where Finland distinguished itself as the first non-NATO nation to lead a multi-national NATO brigade in Kosovo. Currently Finland has 247 troops in Kosovo. Troop strength is planned to be reduced to 200 in 2011 and to 100 in 2012. Finland also contributes six troops to the EU operation in Bosnia.

Finland is supporting International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) operations in Afghanistan with a force of about 80 with a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) and about 20 additional members in other roles. The Government of Finland (GoF) looked to increase troop presence in 2008, with the aim of staffing at least one Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (OMLT) in 2008 and a goal of including perhaps 20 to 30 more military into the OMLT system in 2009. This did not occur, due mainly to budget constraints, but it remains a possibility. Finland actively assists the three Baltic countries’ efforts to achieve military interoperability with the West, although Finland has significantly cut back on this support since the Baltics entered NATO in April 2004. Geographically, Finland shares a border with Russia, giving it strategic importance beyond its size.

With respect to the European Security Defense Identity (ESDI), Finland supports a strong EU crisis management capability where NATO is not engaged and which does not duplicate NATO structures. It is a great proponent of interoperability. In defense trade matters, Finland supports the trans-Atlantic link, although it also supports the European Defense Agency (EDA), and has a stated policy to buy defense products from Finnish industry first, Europe second, and the rest of the world third.

Most U.S. assistance is designed to promote interoperability, an essential element to increasingly close cooperation on defense matters, not only with Finland, but also worldwide. Finland annually sends 20 to 40 military students to the United States for various training opportunities. Although a relatively small program, U.S. training is Finland’s largest source of foreign training. The Finnish military spends its training money carefully, and sends only handpicked candidates to the United States. Most of the courses students attend are technical in nature. They are expected to return to Finland and pass their knowledge on in a "train the trainer" capacity. U.S. training significantly helps Finland’s NATO interoperability.

Finland spent $3 billion to buy a fleet of 63 U.S. F/A-18 Hornet fighters to provide air defense for the country, taking delivery of the last one in 2001. The Finns are now investing over a billion dollars more in Foreign Military Sales (FMS) purchases to further upgrade the capabilities of those fighters.



Georgia FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 18 18 11 $512,488 0 0 0 $0.00

DOHS/USCG 76 74 6 $27,519 0 0 0 $0.00

FMF 75 63 28 $2,030,033 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 97 47 82 $1,431,737 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 91 41 82 $1,468,104 0 0 0 $0.00

Non-SA, UC, JCET

0 0 0 $0.00 0 0 2 $605,000

Regional Centers

205 205 37 $418,857 0 0 0 $0.00


Totals: 568 454 244** $6,109,295 0 0 2 $605,000 **Course count does not total correctly as individual courses were reported under multiple programs.

Georgia has the broadest security partnership with the United States and NATO in the South Caucasus and will become the second largest non-NATO contributor to ISAF in 2010. Its security relationship with the United States and Allied forces has continued to grow, as evidenced by combat troop deployments to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan, and its past support to NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR). Georgia enjoys generally cooperative relationships with its southern neighbors, Turkey, Armenia, and Azerbaijan; however, Georgia’s relations with Russia have not improved since the 2008 and continue to be tense. Georgia’s foreign policy and domestic reforms are focused on Euro-Atlantic integration through pursuit of democratic reform, strategic partnership with the United States, and NATO membership.

Russia’s recognition and militarization of the separatist regions of Georgia and refusal to abide its commitments under the 2008 ceasefire agreement demonstrate a continued effort to undermine Georgian sovereignty and territorial integrity. The U.S. continues to support Georgia’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and economic development. Georgia has taken positive steps toward political, democracy and governance, and economic reforms. Georgia’s success ensures the continued viability of an alternate route for Caspian Basin oil and gas to reach markets in the West. United States’ support for broader defense reforms enhances Georgia's progress toward NATO membership, builds effective state institutions and enhances Georgia’s continued ability to support coalition efforts through expeditionary deployments.

Security cooperation between the United States and Georgia is accomplished using the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP), Foreign Military Financing (FMF), International Military Education and Training (IMET) funds, and other U.S. assistance programs. U.S. assistance is focused on supporting Georgia’s defense reform and modernization, with a particular focus on institutional capacity building and enhancing Georgia’s interoperability with NATO. An additional focus of assistance is border control and law enforcement.

In September 2009, the U.S. initiated the Georgia Deployment Program-ISAF (GDP-ISAF), which is a two-year training program that will develop a total of four Georgian battalions capable of conducting distributed operations in a counterinsurgency environment. Under GDP-ISAF, Georgia will send a total of four seven-month rotations to ISAF with no caveats; the U.S. Marine Corps provides pre-deployment training to each deploying unit. The Georgian 31st Battalion will deploy to Afghanistan as part of ISAF in Apr 2010. The second rotational battalion (32nd) has a tentative deployment date of 1 October 2010. Training and equipping the units is executed with FMF, Coalition Support and 1206 funds.

Georgian soldiers and civilian defense officials have also received U.S.-funded instruction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses,



conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe.



Ireland FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Exchange 1 1 1 $0.00 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 7 7 7 $140,610 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers 4 4 2 $500 0 0 0 $0.00

Service Academies

1 1 1 $70,561 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 13 13 11 $211,671 0 0 0 $0.00

Although not a NATO member, Ireland is an active participant in UN peacekeeping missions and in the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) programs, working as a solid partner with the United States in many areas of national security concern. Ireland currently has roughly 800 service members, approximately 94% of the limit authorized under Irish law, deployed to various peacekeeping and observer missions worldwide. In FY 2009, Ireland’s largest participation was in Chad. The overall EU contingent in Chad is led by an Irish general. .Ireland’s contribution consists of approximately 400 troops, or half of Ireland’s worldwide deployments. During FY2009, Irish service members also served in operations in:

- Afghanistan as members of the NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) - Lebanon as part of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) - Bosnia Herzegovina: within the European Union Force in Bosnia–Herzegovina (EUFOR BiH) - Kosovo: in the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR)

Additionally, Ireland has in recent years deployed smaller numbers of personnel to: - The United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) - The UN Headquarters in NY (UNNY) - The UN Observer mission in Western Sahara (MINURSO) - United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (CAR) and Chad (MINURCAT) - The UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) - The UN Observer Mission in the Congo (MONUC) - The UN Observer Mission in the Ivory Coast (UNOCI) - The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) - The European Community Monitor Mission (EUMM) - The European Union (EU) Military Staff - The European Union Military Observers (EUMO) with African Union Peacekeepers in the Darfur area of Sudan

As a member of the European Union, Ireland also participates in the European Security and Defense Policy. Training provided to Ireland is intended to increase interoperability and to strengthen the capabilities of the Irish Defense Forces in carrying out these duties and responsibilities.



Kosovo FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 49 46 10 $356,088 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 43 38 9 $232,831 0 0 0 $0.00


Totals: 145 137 35 $793,941 0 0 0 $0.00

On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence and its new constitution took effect June 15, 2008. As part of the continuing international role in Kosovo, an international military presence (NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR)), will continue to contribute to a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement. Additionally, it will also oversee and train a small, lightly armed Kosovo Security Force (KSF) and civilian Ministry for the KSF.

In FY 2009, Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP) funds were used to provide training on civil-military relations to 31 Kosovars. Additionally, 53 students from Kosovo participated in seminars and other courses held at, or hosted by the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses, conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe.



Macedonia FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 38 37 15 $541,554 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 30 30 1 $9,700 0 0 0 $0.00

GPOI 2 2 1 $1,564 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 30 16 30 $748,379 0 0 0 $0.00

Non-SA, UC, JCET

50 50 1 $175,476 0 0 1 $310,000


Totals: 238 223 72 $1,696,304 0 0 1 $310,000

Macedonia is a cooperative security partner of the United States and NATO in Southeastern Europe and in U.S. overseas contingency operations. Its security relationship with the United States and Allied forces has continued to grow, as evidenced by combat troop deployments to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan, the European Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR), and its support to NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR). A primary U.S. goal in Macedonia is to support its Euro-Atlantic integration. The Macedonian Government has stated its commitment to institute reforms and strengthen its democratic institutions within the context of the Ohrid Framework Agreement (FWA), which ended the 2001 civil war in Macedonia. Following the 2008 NATO Summit and re-confirmed at the 2009 Summit, the Alliance deemed Macedonia ready for membership following the resolution of its name dispute with neighboring Greece. In 2009, the European Union favorably assessed Macedonia’s progress toward meeting EU bench marks but did not open accession talks..

U.S. military training efforts are an important tool in furthering Macedonia's Euro-Atlantic integration. In particular, training through the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program, the State Partnership Program with Vermont National Guard (VNG), Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP), and Foreign Military Sales advance U.S. goals of Euro-Atlantic Integration and assist in developing capacities and capabilities that allow Macedonia to make valuable contributions to U.S. or Ally led contingency operations. As a direct result of these programs, Macedonia deployed over 1,000 soldiers in support of OIF and currently has 242 soldiers, approximately one third of whom are directly embedded with the VNG, deployed in support of ISAF - per population capita in the top five of all ISAF contributing nations. The majority of these soldiers have benefited from U.S. professional military education training courses, English language training, and achieved a higher level of interoperability through U.S. FMS purchased equipment. Macedonia plans to increase its ISAF contribution with 23 Institutional Police Trainers in 2010. Besides very visible support for contingency operations, IMET, CTFP, GCMC and trained officers occupy junior, mid-level, and senior level command and staff positions where they continue to drive reform and NATO interoperability processes. For instance, the Macedonian Armed Forces Training Command has developed and initiated Non-Commissioned Officer training courses in 2010, largely through the efforts of U.S. IMET trained Sergeant Majors (SGM), who currently serve as SGM of the Army and in many battalion and brigade units. In FY2010, we expect to continue to use funding to support Macedonia’s achievement of its NATO partnership goals which address additional structural reforms as well as development and certification of NATO declared deployable units.

The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany continues to provide U.S.-funded training to civilian and uniformed Macedonian Defense and national security affairs officials. Through seminars and conferences, the Marshall Center instructs Central and Eastern European students in civil-military relations, ethnic conflict prevention, anticorruption measures, and defense economics. In 2010, Sixty-four Macedonians participated in Marshall Center programs either at regional seminars or resident courses at the Marshall Center in Garmisch.



Malta FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 1 1 1 $10,861 0 0 0 $0.00

DOHS/USCG 105 105 4 $0.00 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 10 7 10 $81,695 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers

2 2 2 $3,927 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 118 115 17 $96,483 0 0 0 $0.00

Malta is strategically located in the central Mediterranean. It is a key forward boundary that bridges Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. One-third of all international maritime traffic passes through Maltese ports or waters. Malta has two large ports, including a regionally important container port (Freeport) and a major ship repair facility used regularly in the past by the U.S. Navy. The threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and dual-use material transshipment through the Maltese Freeport is potentially serious. In 2004, the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL) established the Freeport as its Mediterranean hub; the U.S. works closely with Malta to ensure the effective implementation of United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolutions pertaining to sanctions against Iranian entities such as IRISL, and Malta has successfully and effectively interdicted WMD-related cargo. Malta is also close in proximity to other states of interest (specifically Libya and Algeria).

Following national elections in March of 2008, Malta reactivated its membership in Partnership for Peace (PfP). Malta did not participate in any PfP exercises or training in 2009, but does intend to in 2010. Malta has participated in European Union (EU) and United Nations (UN) missions. The Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) have already contributed two soldiers to the EU Observer Mission in Georgia and takes part in the UN Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) in both Lebanon and the Balkans; participation in the EU’s anti-piracy operations is planned for 2010. Many AFM deploying soldiers attend IMET funded courses in the U.S.

Malta is an active partner with the United States in combating terrorism and WMD proliferation. Malta also serves to promote regional security and stability by cooperating closely on a wide range of security-related activities with the United States and by sharing information on persons and activities of interest. After the entry into force of the U.S.-Malta Proliferation Security Initiative Ship-Boarding Agreement, Malta hosted the first Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) table top exercise.

Funding through the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP) has complemented activities carried out under the IMET and Foreign Military Financing (FMF) programs in Malta, particularly in the development of effective Maritime Law Enforcement operations capabilities oriented toward detection and interdiction of WMD and dual-use materials transiting Maltese ports and waters. Malta received $100,000 in FMF in 2009 that went towards spare parts for the Protector Class patrol vessels purchased with previous FMF funds. Malta will receive an earmarked appropriation of $455,000 in FMF for 2010 which will be used toward aviation support.

Malta acknowledges its armed forces’ limitations in the area of counterterrorism and has actively sought U.S. assistance in resolving recognized shortcomings. The current Maltese focus for Counterterrorism (CT) efforts is on increasing response capability to terrorist activity. This includes developing the capability to identify, manage, and respond to terrorist threats and logistics activities.



Moldova FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 11 10 6 $83,431 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 59 29 57 $1,007,235 0 0 0 $0.00


Service Academies

0 0 0 $0.00 2 2 1 $4,000

Totals: 153 122 84 $1,344,332 2 2 1 $4,000

Moldova has developed a cooperative security relationship with the United States, both bilaterally in such areas as nonproliferation and multilaterally through such avenues as NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). A new western-leaning Moldovan government was elected in 2009 which seeks deepened European integration and institutional reform along Euro-Atlantic lines as its primary foreign policy goal. Moldova has worked to enhance its defense relationship with the U.S. in 2010. Moldova’s military is active in Partnership for Peace (PfP) activities, despite being short on resources as the country’s economy continues to struggle. The Moldovan government continues to focus on peacefully reintegrating the separatist territory of Transnistria.

U.S. goals in Moldova are regional stability, economic prosperity, and the promotion of democracy. U.S.-funded military training is an important element of the strategy employed to meet these goals. U.S.-funded PfP activities contribute to regional stability by providing transparency regarding intentions and capabilities of neighboring states. These activities also lead to healthy relationships between regional military members helping erode feelings of suspicion that may exist between nations. Emergency response training provided by the North Carolina National Guard to Moldovan military units helps safeguard economic well being of the population from natural and man-made disasters. Finally, International Military Education and Training (IMET) instills a strong belief in democratic values and civilian control of the armed forces through direct training and positive examples at U.S. institutions.

Numerous Moldovan officers receive training under the IMET program, with training concentrated in developing the operational skills of officers in a wide range of specializations. Moldovan signal, medical, engineer, and finance officers, as well as air defense artillery, armor, and infantry lieutenants and captains have been trained under the IMET program. Moldova has over 320 IMET graduates to date (nearly a fifth of its officer corps), with senior officers having attended the Army and Air Force Command and General Staff Colleges, the Army War College, and the National War College. Moldovan IMET attendees also have taken more universally applicable classes, such as English language and language instruction, civil-military relations, defense recourses management and planning, and information systems management. IMET funds were also used to upgrade the six English language laboratories that are operated by the Ministry of Defense. Enhanced International Peacekeeping Capabilities (EIPC) funds were used to help Moldova establish a Peacekeeping Training Center at the Ministry of Defense Headquarters in November 2006. In addition to IMET, the Moldovan military uses Foreign Military Financing (FMF) funds to obtain NATO-compatible equipment, such as communication systems, automation equipment, and various unarmored wheeled vehicles.

In 2004, Moldova participated in a United States European Command (USEUCOM)-sponsored National Defense Assessment, during which the Moldovan National Army granted unprecedented openness and transparency to U.S. military experts. Based on the Assessment, the Moldovans continued defense reform efforts in 2005 and 2006 with the assistance of the Center for Civil-Military Relations out of NPS in Monterey, California. U.S.-assisted defense reform initiatives continued in 2008-2009, resulting in the creation of a National Security Concept and the beginning of the Strategic Defense Review: a NATO Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) objective. All future defense reform will be tied into chapter two of Moldova’s IPAP with NATO, which they signed in 2006.



Moldovan officials benefit from instruction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses, conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense and security personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe. To date, approximately 173 Moldovans have completed Marshall Center resident programs.



Republic of Montenegro FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 10 9 9 $77,694 0 0 0 $0.00

DOHS/USCG 20 20 1 $0.00 0 0 0 $0.00

FMF 4 2 4 $103,827 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 3 2 3 $78,493 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 10 8 8 $125,240 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers

57 57 13 $105,221 0 0 0 $0.00

Service Academies

3 3 2 $0.00 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 107 101 40 $490,475 0 0 0 $0.00

Since its independence in 2006, Montenegro has placed a strong priority on developing its capacity as a cooperative security partner of the United States and NATO and developing its defense and military structures in close collaboration with the United States. Montenegro concluded a number of security and technical military agreements with the United States, including the Status of Armed Forces Agreement (SOFA) and the Acquisition and Cross Servicing Agreement (ACSA). U.S. funding supports our bilateral cooperation in areas such as destruction of small arms and light weapons. In an initial step to its growing contributions to U.S.-led and NATO operations, Montenegro donated $1million worth of arms and military equipment to the Afghan Army in August 2007. The Montenegrin Parliament has passed legislation governing the future deployment of Montenegrin soldiers in international missions.

In FY 2009: - Montenegro trained a platoon in on-site security missions for deployment in FY 2010; the U.S. facilitated its

preparation through providing English language and basic infantry training. - The Maine National Guard is the State Partner for Montenegro and in FY 2009 carried out a robust program

centered on enlisted Non-Commissioned Officers, and officer development. - Officials from Montenegro also participated in a variety of seminar and executive training courses at the George C.

Marshall European Center for Security Studies.



Republic of Serbia FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 16 15 12 $472,550 0 0 0 $0.00

DOHS/USCG 24 24 3 $0.00 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 22 16 18 $325,104 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 78 45 61 $1,028,744 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers

304 304 27 $265,454 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 444 404 119** $2,091,852 0 0 0 $0.00 **Course count does not total correctly as individual courses were reported under multiple programs.

As a result of democratic changes, advances in Euro-Atlantic integration, and progress in defense reform that culminated in Serbia’s Partnership for Peace (PfP) membership as well as the signing of vital security agreements (most notably, a Status of Armed Forces Agreement (SOFA)), the USG took steps in 2006-2007 to establish a Security Cooperation Program with Serbia.

Fiscal Year 2010 witnessed extensive growth in the following programs: - International Military Education and Training Program (IMET) - Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP) - Warsaw Initiative Funding (WIF) - Foreign Military Sales (FMS)

The Republic of Serbia has also shown a continuation of the existing involvement with the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies and the European Command’s Military to Military program (most significantly Serbia’s State Partnership Program (SPP) with Ohio). Additionally, the Serbian Ministry of Defense provided matching IMET funding in the form of a FMS blanket order training case to educate and train additional members of the Serbian Armed Forces.



Russia FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 1 1 1 $3,250 0 0 0 $0.00

Regional Centers 8 8 5 $51,487 2 2 1 $13,460

Service Academies

3 3 1 $5,700 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 12 12 7 $60,437 2 2 1 $13,460

The U.S.-Russia relationship is complex. Although disagreement remains on numerous issues, the U.S. and Russia are seeking to bolster cooperation in key areas such as preventing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) proliferation (Russia participates in the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI))., Counterterrorism (CT), and preventing the development of Iran and North Korea’s nuclear programs. The U.S.-Russian military relationship deteriorated after the August 2008 conflict in Georgia. In the aftermath of that conflict, the U.S. suspended military-military engagement with Russia. We have since sought to improve relations with Russia and continue to seek ways to reinvigorate the U.S.-Russia relationship.

Russia’s participation in the NATO-Russia Council (NRC), established at the Rome Summit in May 2002, deteriorated as a result of the conflict in Georgia. Russia suspended all military-to-military activities with NATO for at least the remainder of 2008, putting on hold programs that promote the ability of NATO and Russian forces to work side-by-side in the field to face the 21st century threats of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. NATO implemented a "no business as usual" approach to the NRC, and several projects were temporarily suspended. In the past, NRC programs have included civil emergency planning exercises, joint search and rescue exercises, counternarcotics training, and naval counterterrorist interdiction efforts. Russia has also continued, since December 2007, its unilateral suspension of implementation of the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty, despite efforts by the U.S. and NATO Allies to resolve the impasse and preserve this important security regime.

Partnership for Peace (PfP) exercises provide opportunities for Russian officers to interact with U.S. and NATO counterparts. Russian officers can develop greater understanding of NATO doctrine and concepts of overseas contingency operations and the role of the military in a democracy. These exercises seek to increase cooperation between NATO and Russia and to reduce Russian fears that NATO threatens Russian security. Russia has contributed to Operation Active Endeavor (OAE) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

The International Military Education and Training (IMET) program received limited support from the Government of Russia (GoR) in FY 2008. Suspension of the Russian IMET program was lifted in October 2007; however, only one course (two participants) was accomplished in FY 2008. Additionally, the steadily decreasing IMET budget continues to limit the scope and goals of the program. Although the initial funding for FY 2008 was $606,000, it was reduced in March to $303,000. The overall program goals and focus continue to include professional military education, English language training, combating terrorism, Peacekeeping Operations (PKO), and medical cooperation.

Due to the August 2008 conflict in Georgia, the Russian IMET program was temporarily suspended by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). Although outstanding invitations were honored by the U.S., the GoR did not accept and/or attend an IMET funded program in FY09. For FY10, the Department of Defense and Ministry of Defense agreed that all future mil-to-mil engagements would be conducted on the principles of parity and equality. Concerning parity, the GoR is expected to pay for all participation in military courses or training to include regional security centers. As pertains to equality, activities with the GoR are to be done in partnership. ODC Moscow continues to encourage Russian self-paid participation in Professional Military Education, specialized military training and regional security centers.

Military medical cooperation and military legal training are areas of historically good cooperation with tangible results will be continued on a self-pay basis. Although it may take time to adjust, it seems that the GoR prefers to operate with respect to



the OSD policy. Funding and length of courses are often cited by RF agencies as reasons for non-participation. However, the GoR has historically not taken full advantage of IMET funding. When the GoR desires to take part in U.S. courses and training, they can come up with the funds. The GoR does participate in security conferences as an equal partner. For greater GoR participation, shorter courses and training are better, since GoR personnel are reluctant to leave their positions for long periods. IMET funds set aside for Russia for FY10 will be returned July 2010.



San Marino FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Regional Centers

0 0 0 $0.00 1 1 1 $7,291

Totals: 0 0 0 $0.00 1 1 1 $7,291



Sweden FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

FMF 5 3 5 $87,969 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 68 62 24 $1,085,334 0 0 0 $0.00

Non-SA, UC, JCET 0 0 0 $0.00 20 20 1 $280,000

Regional Centers

5 5 5 $12,453 0 0 0 $0.00

Totals: 78 70 34 $1,185,756 20 20 1 $280,000

Although Sweden is not a member of NATO, it is an active participant in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and a solid partner with the United States in many areas of national security concern. For example, Sweden is an energetic player in the Balkans, was one of the first with troops on the ground in Kosovo, and provides support to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. Sweden is a staunch supporter of NATO’s Open Door and assisted the three Baltic countries with military interoperability issues. Sweden also donated equipment to outfit troops in the Baltics.

With respect to the European Security Defense Identity (ESDI), Sweden supports a strong European Union (EU) crisis management capability where NATO is not engaged and which does not duplicate NATO structures. The Swedish government committed to lead an EU battle group (providing 1100 of the 1500 soldiers) that was available in 2008. In FY 2007, Sweden paid for U.S. Professional Military Education (PME) opportunities at the Army career courses for infantry captains, a psychological operations officer course, and combat casualty care and advance trauma life support training. An initiative in 2007 to launch an exchange between the U.S. Army's Command and General Staff College and the Swedish National Defense College initially stranded on the difficulty of finding the right candidates, and has not since been re-addressed. More fundamentally, however, long-term U.S.- Swedish exchanges are hindered by the inability to reconcile U.S. and Swedish regulations concerning the legal status of U.S. military students in Sweden.

Sweden also remains a great proponent of interoperability and defense cooperation. It is important to continue prompting close cooperation on security issues between Sweden and the United States.

Sweden has benefited from seminars at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses, conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe.



Switzerland FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

FMS 34 18 34 $543,075 0 0 0 $0.00


Totals: 109 93 39 $551,051 0 0 0 $0.00

The United States and Switzerland work closely to advance human rights, democracy, nonproliferation, and other issues of global concern. A traditionally neutral democratic nation, Switzerland has focused on its ability to participate in democracy-building and peacekeeping exercises since joining NATO’s Partnership for Peace (PfP) in 1996. Its PfP goals focus largely on enhancing interoperability of forces and capabilities that may be declared available for PfP activities, but within self-imposed limits on participation related to the Swiss concept of neutrality.

Switzerland participates in the NATO led Kosovo Force (KFOR) with one combat service support company (logistic service) of approximately 220 plus two medium transport helicopters and some 25 personnel plus two medium transport helicopters to European Union Force (EUFOR) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Approximately 20 officers also serve as UN observers and five officers are deployed with the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in Korea. Some specialized military personnel can be called up at short notice for humanitarian operations, as was done for an unarmed task force deployed to Sumatra in January/February 2005 (some 50 personnel and three medium transport helicopters). Switzerland regularly supports PfP Trust Fund projects in order to reduce stockpiles of arms, mines, and munitions. It has done so in Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Ukraine. Switzerland maintains three centers focused on its security goals:

- The Geneva Center for Humanitarian Demining - The Geneva Center for Security Policy - The Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces



Ukraine FY 2009 FY 2010


Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

Training Sessions

Individual Students

Course Count

Dollar Value

CTFP 62 59 18 $627,177 0 0 0 $0.00

FMF 8 6 7 $151,865 0 0 0 $0.00

FMS 20 20 2 $31,686 0 0 0 $0.00

GPOI 28 28 5 $54,804 0 0 0 $0.00

IMET-1 118 59 106 $2,485,553 0 0 0 $0.00

Misc DOD/DOS Non-SA

1 1 1 $2,500 0 0 0 $0.00

Non-SA, UC, JCET

0 0 0 $0.00 0 0 1 $192,000

Regional Centers

211 211 32 $487,279 0 0 0 $0.00

Service Academies 0 0 0 $0.00 2 2 1 $4,000

Totals: 448 384 171 $3,840,864 2 2 2 $196,000

A strong, stable and secure Ukraine is important for the development of a Europe that is whole, free, and at peace. Due to Ukraine's size and its geo-political importance, the United States maintains a close strategic partnership with Kyiv. The United States and Ukraine began the Strategic Partnership in 2008, and held the first Strategic Partnership Commission meeting in December, 2009. In February 2010, Viktor Yanukovych was elected President, defeating the leaders of the 2005 Orange Revolution. While President Yanukovych’s stated foreign policy is to balance the goals of EU integration, strategic partnership with the U.S., and improved relations with Russia, overtures to Moscow led some media and opposition figures to speculate that Ukraine is 'turning East.' Despite this, robust cooperation at the working level and within the context of the NATO-Ukraine Commission - and particularly, through implementation of the Annual National Program - continues. The United States seeks to continue its engagement and Strategic Partnership with Ukraine, and to work for the development of an independent, democratic Ukraine with a market-oriented economy. The U.S. seeks to reinforce the democratic gains made over the past several years and encourage Ukraine to continue its stated goal of integrating with Europe. U.S.-funded military training efforts are a crucial part of this effort.

Ukraine is a strategic partner of the United States in the former Soviet space and an important contributor to global and regional security. Ukraine actively participates in many NATO-led operations:

- NATO Training Mission in Iraq (NTM-I) - International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan - NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR)

Ukraine has deployed troops in support of U.S. operations in the Multi-National Forces - Iraq (MNF-I) and the UN missions in, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Lebanon, and in other UN observer groups. Ukraine's government has supported a commercial contribution of airlift for NATO’s support operations in Darfur, Sudan, and has provided air corridors and airlift for troops and supplies from European partners participating in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, it has also provided three doctors for a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) and one headquarters staff officer.



Contrary to the NATO membership aspirations that former President Yushchenko pursued, the Yanukovych Administration legislated that Ukraine will not seek NATO membership. The legislation also explicitly states that practical cooperation with NATO will continue. In addition, it seemingly precludes Ukraine from joining the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). Highlights of Ukraine’s relationship with NATO include its 1994 entry into the Partnership for Peace (PfP) - the first CIS country to do so, the signing of the Charter on Distinctive Partnership in 1997, and the establishment of the NATO-Ukraine Commission (NUC) in 2002. Ukraine requested the initiation of the Alliance’s Membership Action Plan (MAP) in 2008. At the Bucharest Summit in April 2008, Allies welcomed Ukraine’s aspirations for membership in NATO, and agreed that it will become a member of NATO. At the December 2008 Foreign Ministerial, Allies deferred the decision on MAP, and instead agreed to increase assistance to reform efforts in Ukraine, working within the existing NUC. Allies also agreed to allow Ukraine to develop an Annual National Program (ANP). The ANP is a key element of the MAP process, as it helps an aspirant to establish reform objectives over a range of issues, including political, economic, and defense, and obtain in depth assessment and feedback from Allies.

Numerous bilateral and multilateral military activities took place between NATO member countries and Ukraine in 2009. Short term military priorities and assistance included work to transition to a NATO-compatible defense planning system, manage the significant manpower cuts required through the Armed Forces, improve areas of training, education and social security, and improve operational readiness and capability for Peacekeeping Operations (PKO). The effectiveness of civil and democratic control of Ukraine’s Armed Forces was advanced in 2009 through a combination of educational and personnel initiatives, as well as public awareness and governmental oversight programs. Budgetary cuts have delayed plans for restructuring the Ukrainian Armed Forces into an all-contract force from 2011 to 2015. These financial restrictions also threaten Ukraine’s peacekeeping commitments, training efforts and equipment upgrades. The Ministry of Defense, however, remains committed to establishing a well-trained and equipped, NATO-interoperable military, to include a Joint Rapid Reaction Force of up to 29,000 regular military personnel; comprising a small Immediate Reaction Force (IRF) of up to 6,000 personnel and a larger Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) of up to 23,000 personnel, supported by a Main Defense Forces of up to 65,000 regular and reserve military and civilian personnel. Finally, Ukraine was one of the first NATO partner countries to announce its desire to contribute to the NATO Response Force, and has been invited to do so in 2015-2016.

Training received through International Military Education and Training (IMET), Foreign Military Financing (FMF), Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) and other U.S. military assistance programs contributes to U.S. goals by augmenting Ukraine’s ability to participate alongside NATO forces in crisis response operations, in Partnership for Peace (PfP) exercises, and other activities. Ukraine makes extensive use of the IMET program to improve Ukrainian military readiness in a broad range of functional areas. Areas of concentration include military legal training, civil-military relations, officer and NCO professional military education (logistics, signal, infantry, engineer, and military police), classes in information systems and defense resource management, strategic intelligence, human resources management, and air traffic control operations. In addition, senior Ukrainian officers have been trained at command and general staff colleges, as well as the Army War College and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. Equipment purchased with FMF has aided Ukraine’s participation in KFOR, which has led to critical, practical training through real-world peacekeeping experience for Ukrainian troops. A particular priority is communications equipment for Ukrainian units, further enhancing their interoperability when deployed with NATO forces.

Ukrainian soldiers and civilian defense officials also have received U.S.-funded instruction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. The Marshall Center focuses on providing training through courses, conferences, and seminars in democratic processes and civil-military relations for uniformed and civilian defense personnel for countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe.



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